Nanomaterials最新文献

{"title":"Antibacterial Performance of PANI-CdS/Au Nanocomposites Compared to PANI and PANI-CdS.","authors":"Raad Al-Kilabi, Abdulameer H Ali, Hude Al-Allaq, Elias Faraj Mohammed, Sahib Alkulaibi, Adel Alkhayatt, Hussein Al-Shabani, Thmr Ihsan, Haider Al-Hello","doi":"10.3390/nano16080493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16080493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyaniline-cadmium sulfide-gold (PANI-CdS-Au) nanocomposites were synthesized with varying Au loadings (0.023, 0.046, 0.092 wt%) to enhance antibacterial performance. Structural (FTIR, XRD) and morphological (FESEM) analyses confirmed successful formation, with nearly homogeneous nanoparticle distribution (27-53 nm) and slight XRD peak shifts indicating interfacial interactions between PANI, CdS, and Au. UV-Vis spectra revealed gold surface plasmon resonance and polaronic transitions consistent with PANI emeraldine base. XRD results showed the expected wurtzite CdS and fcc Au phases. Agar well diffusion tests against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) demonstrated that the 0.092 wt% of Au composite produced the largest inhibition zones at 100 µg mL^-1 (<i>E. coli</i>: 36 mm; <i>S. aureus</i>: 24 mm), with the same trend at 25 µg mL^-1. The results indicate that PANI-CdS/Au nanocomposites are promising antibacterial materials; however, the presence of CdS necessitates additional cytotoxicity assays to confirm their suitability for medical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid-Phase Synthesis and Regulatory Mechanisms of Nano-Nickel Powders for MLCC Inner Electrodes.","authors":"Zhenzong Quan, Jianwei Wang, Huijun He, Xingming Wang, Liqing Ban, Xiaoling Ma, Haijun Zhao","doi":"10.3390/nano16080491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16080491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Driven by the demand for miniaturization, high capacitance, and enhanced reliability in high-performance multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs), the continuous thinning of inner electrode layers imposes increasingly stringent requirements on the size, distribution, morphology, and dispersion of nano-nickel powders. We systematically investigate how functional additives regulate the nucleation, growth, and microstructural evolution of nano-nickel synthesized via hydrazine-driven liquid-phase reduction of nickel sulfate. The results demonstrate that the alkanolamine complexing agent (TAC) significantly refines the average particle size and morphology of the nano-nickel through coordination effects. Furthermore, inorganic sulfur salts (ISP), acting via surface adsorption to passivate growth sites and provide catalytic effects, enable a precise and continuous reduction in the average particle diameter from 330 nm down to 60 nm at a mere trace dosage of ~10^-7 mol/L. Regarding dispersion optimization, highly dispersed face-centered cubic (FCC) nano-nickel was successfully prepared by introducing multidentate carboxylate (NNA). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) was employed to unveil, for the first time, the crystallographic origin of the anomalous surface protrusions typically observed in conventional reaction systems. We confirmed that the family of 101¯0 crystal planes within these regions, which exhibits interfacial angles of 58.7° and 58.3°, corresponds to a thermodynamically metastable hexagonal close-packed (HCP) nickel phase originating from atomic stacking faults induced by rapid growth kinetics. To address this microstructural defect, a thioether-based amino acid (TAA) was introduced. TAA effectively suppresses the anisotropic growth of the metastable HCP phase through the strong steric hindrance of its long side chains and its selective adsorption onto high-energy facets.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring NiO-Based Nanostructures for the Electrochemical Valorization of Ethanol: Structure-Property Insights.","authors":"Ivan Blagojevic, Chiara Maccato, Marta De Zotti, Davide Barreca, Alberto Gasparotto, Raffaella Signorini, Gian Andrea Rizzi","doi":"10.3390/nano16080496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16080496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water electrolysis has emerged as a strategically appealing route for the sustainable production of green hydrogen (H₂) <i>via</i> the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), though the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a bottleneck hindering large-scale practical applications. In this regard, an attractive solution is offered by the integration of the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) into hybrid water-splitting systems, favorably reducing anodic overpotentials. Nonetheless, an open challenge is related to the fabrication of eco-friendly and economically viable catalysts free from noble metals, combining efficiency and stability. Herein, we explore nickel-oxide-based nanostructures grown onto porous Ni foam scaffolds by a scalable hydrothermal (HT) approach as EOR electrocatalysts. Material properties arising from modulation of the sole HT growth time are investigated by complementary structural, microscopic, and spectroscopic techniques. Electrochemical tests demonstrate good durability and very attractive EOR performances, mainly influenced by the morphology and the NiOOH surface content of the target systems. Overall, the present work advances an attractive route to transition-metal-based electrocatalysts for efficient alcohol-oxidation-assisted water electrolysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunable Triple-Band Terahertz Perfect Absorber and Four-Input AND Gate Based on a Graphene Metamaterial.","authors":"Shuxin Xu, Lili Zeng, Zhengzheng Shao, Boxun Li, Wenjie Hu, Yiyu Tu, Xingyi Zhu","doi":"10.3390/nano16080494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16080494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study introduces a switchable and tunable multimodal, multi-peak, perfect terahertz absorber, utilizing a composite structure of graphene and double concentric metal rings. From bottom to top, the absorber consists of a gold substrate, a SiO₂ dielectric layer, a patterned graphene layer, another SiO₂ dielectric layer, and double concentric metal rings on the top. The structure achieves three high-absorption resonance peaks in the far-infrared band: a relatively broad peak with 99.05% absorptance at 38.128 THz, and two extremely narrow peaks with 99.56% and 97.23% absorptance at 47.909 THz and 49.873 THz, respectively. Analysis of the absorption spectra and electric field distributions reveals that the generation mechanism of Peak I is Fabry-Pérot cavity resonance, while Peaks II and III result from the coupling between the high-order localized surface plasmons in the outer ring and the graphene surface plasmon polaritons. Benefiting from graphene's excellent electrical tunability, the absorption peaks' positions and intensities can be dynamically tuned by varying the Fermi level. The core innovation of this work lies in the high-level integration of multiple functionalities. By leveraging the sensitive response of Peak III to variations in the Fermi level, a four-input AND logic gate is embedded within the metamaterial absorber in this frequency band. The Fermi levels of four independent graphene regions serve as the binary inputs, while the absorption state of Peak III is defined as the logical output. Additionally, the two narrow peaks display high sensitivity to the surrounding refractive index, with sensitivities of 30.1 THz/RIU and 62.5 THz/RIU, demonstrating significant potential for sensing. This multifunctional integrated device combines tunable absorption, a logic gate, and sensing capabilities, making it promising for terahertz communication systems, intelligent sensing networks, and reconfigurable platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadband Infrared Absorption Features of Metasurfaces Constructed with a Titanium-Dielectric-Titanium Array Architecture.","authors":"Chuang Zhang, Jiaqi Hu, Han Chen, Xuan Shao, Xinzhe Yao, Fangchen You, Haiwei Wang, Xinyu Zhang","doi":"10.3390/nano16080497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16080497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study proposes an effective method for realizing broadband-infrared (IR)-equivalent absorption using a metasurface constructed by shaping a metal-insulator-metal structure leading to a semi-opened nanocavity. The metasurface architecture is formed according to an optimized structural configuration and mature micro-nano-fabrication flow. Both the surface travelling and localized resonant wavefield accumulation excited by incident lightwaves in a broad wavelength range of 1-14 μm can be efficiently manipulated based on a dipole molecule antenna responding mechanism. An electromagnetic wavefield shielding effect within the semi-opened nanocavity and the standing-wave formation around the metasurface near-field based on an arrayed titanium-dielectric-titanium structure are examined in detail. The measured IR spectral absorption characteristics reveal that the metasurfaces based on an arrayed top titanium cap with the featured dimensions of 2.0 μm and 2.4 μm can be used to achieve an average equivalent IR absorptivity higher than 80% and 82%, respectively, across a broad wavelength range of 1.29-14 μm, which covers the traditional short-, medium- and long-wave IR bands.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural, Thermal Behaviour and Tribological Performance in Cold Rolling of Mineral Lubricants with Graphene Nanoplatelets Functionalized with Oleic Acid.","authors":"Batuhan Özakın, Kürşat Gültekin","doi":"10.3390/nano16080495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16080495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, nanolubricants based on SAE 5W-30 mineral oil were formulated using oleic acid-functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), and their colloidal stability, rheological behaviour, thermal stability, and tribological performance under cold rolling conditions were systematically investigated. The nanolubricants were prepared at GNP concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 wt%. FT-IR analysis confirmed successful functionalization, evidenced by the characteristic C=O band at approximately 1710 cm^-1 and changes in CH₂ stretching vibrations in the 2850-3000 cm^-1 range. UV-VIS results indicated initially homogeneous dispersions; however, after three days, relative concentrations decreased to 95%, 90%, and 75% for 0.05, 0.2, and 0.6 wt% GNPs, respectively. Viscosity measurements showed minimal variation at low concentrations, with only a 0.64% increase at 0.2 wt% compared to the base oil. TGA revealed enhanced oxidative stability at low GNP contents, with the oxidation onset temperature increasing from 205.3 °C to 207.2 °C at 0.05 wt%, while a marked decline was observed at higher concentrations (176.8 °C at 0.6 wt%). In cold rolling experiments at a 3% reduction ratio, the rolling force was measured at 1341 N/mm with the neat lubricant, decreasing to 1210 N/mm with a lubricant containing 0.1 wt% GNPs, corresponding to an approximate 10% reduction. Compared with dry conditions, this reduction was approximately 21%. Surface roughness and 3D topography analyses further showed that GNPs-containing lubricants reduced asperities and promoted the formation of a more uniform tribofilm. At low concentrations, the improved lubrication performance of oleic acid-functionalized graphene nanoplatelets is attributed to their homogeneous dispersion in mineral oil, where physically adsorbed oleic acid improves colloidal stability by reducing agglomeration and promotes the formation of a stable tribofilm, facilitating interlayer sliding under boundary lubrication conditions. Overall, the findings demonstrate that oleic acid-functionalized GNPs, when used at optimal concentrations, significantly enhance both lubricant stability and cold rolling performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of PEG/Biochar Cementitious Cold-Bonded Aggregate for Thermal Energy Storage.","authors":"Rongji Li, Chong Zhang, Yuechao Zhao, Changliang Wu, Guangbin Duan, Xiuzhi Zhang","doi":"10.3390/nano16080492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16080492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incorporation of phase change materials in concrete is a practical strategy that holds great promise for enhancing the energy efficiency of buildings and reducing CO₂ emissions. However, the direct contact between phase change materials and cement interferes with the cement hydration reaction, leading to a significant reduction in the mechanical strength of cementitious composites. To encapsulate polyethylene glycol and prevent leakage, this study developed a shape-stabilized phase change aggregate via the cold-bonding method and the vacuum impregnation method. The nanoscale pore structure of the aggregate was regulated by adjusting the biochar content to enhance the phase-change material loading capacity. The phase change aggregate was characterized by indicators including crushing strength and water absorption. Meanwhile, its microstructure, the correlations between nano-sized hydration products, chemical compatibility, and phase change properties were analyzed. The fabricated phase change aggregate has a crushing strength of over 5 MPa, latent heat of 42.84 J/g, and phase change temperature of 29.17 °C while also exhibiting good mechanical properties and thermal energy storage performance. The compressive strength of phase change concrete can meet the strength requirements for structural building material. Moreover, phase change aggregate contributed to reduced CO₂ emissions during service, with favorable economic and low-carbon benefits over its service life, demonstrating good performance in both economic efficiency and CO₂ emission reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Dots for Corrosion Protection: A Systematic Review of Applications and Mechanisms.","authors":"Xiaochuan Liu, Jinlin Li, Shengbin Li, Chuang He, Haijie He","doi":"10.3390/nano16080488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16080488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon dots (CDs) have demonstrated promising application prospects in the field of corrosion protection due to their small size, excellent dispersibility, abundant and tunable surface functional groups, low cost, environmental friendliness, and unique fluorescence properties. However, existing reviews have predominantly focused on the synthesis and photoluminescence properties of CDs, lacking systematic integration and in-depth mechanistic analysis of their diverse applications in corrosion protection. This review systematically summarizes the recent research progress and underlying mechanisms of CDs in five key areas: corrosion inhibitors, anticorrosive coatings, photogenerated cathodic protection, chloride binding, and corrosion monitoring. As corrosion inhibitors, CDs form compact protective films on metal surfaces through synergistic physical and chemical adsorption. In anticorrosive coatings, CDs not only enhance the physical barrier effect but also impart intelligent functionalities such as self-healing and corrosion monitoring. In the field of photogenerated cathodic protection, CDs broaden the light absorption range of semiconductors and facilitate the separation of photogenerated carriers. As chloride binding promoters, CDs promote the formation of cement hydration products, thereby improving the durability of reinforced concrete structures. As sensing platforms, CDs enable early visual detection of corrosion through their specific fluorescence response to ions such as Fe³⁺. Despite significant progress, challenges remain in scalable preparation, practical application performance in complex environments, and multifunctional integration. This review systematically outlines the research advancements of CDs in corrosion protection, providing a practical reference for subsequent studies and engineering applications. Future research should focus on scalable synthesis, machine learning-assisted design, and the development of integrated multifunctional protection systems to promote the practical application of CDs in the field of corrosion protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VO₂-Graphene Terahertz Multifunctional Metasurface with Switchable Broadband Waveplates and Absorber.","authors":"Hong Su, Tao Huang, Gaozhao Liu, Wentao Chen, Jiarong Zi, Chenglong Zhang, Shiping Feng, Min Zhang, Ling Li, Huawei Liang, Shixing Wang","doi":"10.3390/nano16080490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16080490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A terahertz multifunctional metasurface based on vanadium dioxide (VO₂) and graphene that can switch between waveplate and absorber functionalities is proposed. As the temperature is below 300 K, by electrically controlling the Femi energy of the graphene it can realize half-wave plate (HWP) and quarter-wave plate (QWP) functionalities in the operating bandwidths of both 1.39-2.34 THz and 0.92-2.68 THz, respectively. While the temperature is above 340 K, the dipole resonance between VO₂ and a gold reflector induces absorption. Furthermore, by applying the voltage to graphene, dual-parameter modulation of the amplitude of the transverse electric (TE) waves and the resonance frequency of the transverse magnetic (TM) waves is achieved, the absorption bandwidths of which are 3.65-3.78 THz and 1.41-3.12 THz, respectively. The operating frequencies for HWP, QWP, TE and TM waves can be tuned by changing the electrical field and working temperature. In addition, the incident angles are not sensitive to the performance of the metasurface, confirming its effectiveness even under large-angle incidence. The metasurface with simplicity in design, mature fabrication processes, and comprehensive functionality, has certain promising applications in terahertz optical switches, terahertz spectroscopy systems, modulators, and communication systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Supercritical CO₂ Ion-Exchange Strategy for Cation Engineering in Polyheptazine Imides Towards Efficient Photoreduction CO₂ to C₂H₄.","authors":"Xin Peng, Lina Du, Gaoliang Fu, Shouren Zhang, Junying Ma","doi":"10.3390/nano16080489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16080489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) into high-value multicarbon products, such as ethylene (C₂H₄), remains a significant challenge due to the difficult C-C coupling process. Potassium poly(heptazine imide) (K-PHI) is a promising photocatalyst, yet efficiently exchanging its interlayer cations to tune catalytic selectivity without causing structural degradation is difficult. Herein, an efficient and green supercritical CO₂ (SC CO₂) assisted ion-exchange strategy was developed to successfully prepare a series of mono-/di-/trivalent cation-doped M-PHI photocatalysts (M = H⁺, Na⁺, Sr⁺, Ca²⁺, Co²⁺, Fe³⁺). Systematic characterizations confirmed that the SC-CO₂ treatment successfully achieved in-depth cation substitution without destroying the intrinsic heptazine framework, effectively regulating the interlayer structure and significantly optimizing the photoelectrochemical charge separation. Among the prepared samples, H-PHI exhibited the optimal photocatalytic CO₂ reduction performance with an outstanding selectivity toward C₂H₄ generation. Under simulated sunlight irradiation for 3 h, the yields of CO, CH₄, and C₂H₄ C₂H₄ C₂H₄ reached 3564.87, 807.32, and 40.00 μmol·g^-1, respectively, significantly outperforming pristine K-PHI and other metal-doped samples. Crucially, isotope-tracing experiments utilizing a SC CO₂-DCl treatment detected deuterated CH₄ and C₂H₄ products, providing direct evidence that the hydrogen in the carbon products originates from the introduced protons, thereby elucidating the precise reaction pathway for C-C coupling. This study provides a green and efficient supercritical CO₂ ion exchange strategy for the cation engineering of crystalline carbon nitride, and also offers new ideas and methods for designing high-activity photocatalysts for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}