Nanomaterials最新文献

Investigation of Thermoelectric Properties in Altermagnet RuO₂. 交变磁体RuO2热电性能的研究。

IF 4.3 3区材料科学

Nanomaterials Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.3390/nano15141129

Jun Liu, Chunmin Ning, Xiao Liu, Sicong Zhu, Shuling Wang

{"title":"Investigation of Thermoelectric Properties in Altermagnet RuO2.","authors":"Jun Liu, Chunmin Ning, Xiao Liu, Sicong Zhu, Shuling Wang","doi":"10.3390/nano15141129","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15141129","url":null,"abstract":"An altermagnet, characterized by its distinctive magnetic properties, may hold potential applications in diverse fields such as magnetic materials, spintronics, data storage, and quantum computing. As a prototypical altermagnet, RuO2 exhibits spin polarization and demonstrates the advantageous characteristics of high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity. These exceptional properties endow it with considerable promise in the emerging field of thermal spintronics. We studied the electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of RuO2; the constructed RuO2/TiO2/RuO2 all-antiferromagnetic tunnel junction (AFMTJ) exhibited thermally induced magnetoresistance (TIMR), reaching a maximum TIMR of 1756% at a temperature gradient of 5 K. Compared with prior studies on RuO2-based antiferromagnetic tunnel junctions, the novelty of this work lies in the thermally induced magnetoresistance based on its superior thermoelectric properties. In parallel structures, the spin-down current dominates the transmission spectrum, whereas in antiparallel structures, the spin-up current governs the transmission spectrum, underscoring the spin-polarized thermal transport. In addition, thermoelectric efficiency emphasizes the potential of RuO2 to link antiferromagnetic robustness with ferromagnetic spin functionality. These findings promote the development of efficient spintronic devices and spin-based storage technology for waste heat recovery and emphasize the role of spin splitting in zero-magnetization systems.","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12300824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nanomaterials for Persistent Organic Pollutants Decontamination in Water: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. 纳米材料去除水中持久性有机污染物：机制、挑战和未来展望。

IF 4.3 3区材料科学

Nanomaterials Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.3390/nano15141133

Risky Ayu Kristanti, Tony Hadibarata, Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu, Dan Eduard Mihaiescu, Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu

{"title":"Nanomaterials for Persistent Organic Pollutants Decontamination in Water: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Risky Ayu Kristanti, Tony Hadibarata, Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu, Dan Eduard Mihaiescu, Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu","doi":"10.3390/nano15141133","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15141133","url":null,"abstract":"Nanomaterials possess unique physicochemical properties that position them as promising candidates for environmental remediation, particularly in the removal of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from aqueous systems. Their high surface area, tunable functionality, and strong adsorption capabilities have attracted significant attention. In this context, this paper reviews the mechanisms of nanomaterial-based POP decontamination, also providing a critical overview of the limitations and challenges in applying these methods. Specifically, issues of stability, reusability, and aggregation are discussed, which can lead to performance decay during repeated use. In addition, the practical application requires nanocomposites to enable efficient separation and mitigate agglomeration. Environmental concerns also arise from nanomaterials' fate, transport, and potential toxicity, which may impact aquatic ecosystems and non-target organisms. When checking for large-scale application feasibility, impurities typically add to production costs, recovery problems, and general infrastructure limitations. In addition to these points, there are no standard guidelines or clear risk assessment procedures for registering a product. Unprecedented cross-disciplinary research between natural, human, and technological studies and outreach programs is needed to facilitate the development and diffusion of the results. The barriers will eventually be breached to move from laboratory success in developing the desperately needed new water purification technologies to field-ready water treatment solutions that can address the global POP contamination problem.","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12299277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Natural Sunlight Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B over Nanocrystalline Zn₂SnO₄/SnO₂. 纳米晶Zn2SnO4/SnO2光催化降解亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B。

IF 4.3 3区材料科学

Nanomaterials Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.3390/nano15141138

Maria Vesna Nikolic, Zorka Z Vasiljevic, Milena Dimitrijevic, Nadezda Radmilovic, Jelena Vujancevic, Marija Tanovic, Nenad B Tadic

{"title":"Natural Sunlight Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B over Nanocrystalline Zn2SnO4/SnO2.","authors":"Maria Vesna Nikolic, Zorka Z Vasiljevic, Milena Dimitrijevic, Nadezda Radmilovic, Jelena Vujancevic, Marija Tanovic, Nenad B Tadic","doi":"10.3390/nano15141138","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15141138","url":null,"abstract":"The natural sunlight driven photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants is a sustainable solution for water purification. The use of heterojunction nanocomposites in this process shows promise for improved photodegradation efficiency. In this work, nanocrystalline Zn2SnO4/SnO2 obtained by the solid-state synthesis method was tested as a heterojunction photocatalyst material for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RhB) dyes as single and multicomponent systems in natural sunlight. Characterization of the structure and morphology of the synthesized nanocomposite using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of Zn2SnO4/SnO2 and heterojunctions between Zn2SnO4 and the SnO2 nanoparticles. A photodegradation efficiency of 99.1% was achieved in 120 min with 50 mg of the photocatalyst for the degradation of MB and 70.6% for the degradation of RhB under the same conditions. In the multicomponent system, the degradation efficiency of 97.9% for MB and 53.2% for RhB was obtained with only 15 mg of the photocatalyst. The degradation of MB occurred through N-demethylation and the formation of azure intermediates and degradation of RhB occurred through sequential deethylation and fragmentation of the xanthene ring, both in single and multicomponent systems.","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12299357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glancing Angle Deposition in Gas Sensing: Bridging Morphological Innovations and Sensor Performances. 气体传感中的掠角沉积：桥接形态创新和传感器性能。

IF 4.3 3区材料科学

Nanomaterials Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.3390/nano15141136

Shivam Singh, Kenneth Christopher Stiwinter, Jitendra Pratap Singh, Yiping Zhao

{"title":"Glancing Angle Deposition in Gas Sensing: Bridging Morphological Innovations and Sensor Performances.","authors":"Shivam Singh, Kenneth Christopher Stiwinter, Jitendra Pratap Singh, Yiping Zhao","doi":"10.3390/nano15141136","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15141136","url":null,"abstract":"Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD) has emerged as a versatile and powerful nanofabrication technique for developing next-generation gas sensors by enabling precise control over nanostructure geometry, porosity, and material composition. Through dynamic substrate tilting and rotation, GLAD facilitates the fabrication of highly porous, anisotropic nanostructures, such as aligned, tilted, zigzag, helical, and multilayered nanorods, with tunable surface area and diffusion pathways optimized for gas detection. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of recent advances in GLAD-based gas sensor design, focusing on how structural engineering and material integration converge to enhance sensor performance. Key materials strategies include the construction of heterojunctions and core-shell architectures, controlled doping, and nanoparticle decoration using noble metals or metal oxides to amplify charge transfer, catalytic activity, and redox responsiveness. GLAD-fabricated nanostructures have been effectively deployed across multiple gas sensing modalities, including resistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and optical platforms, where their high aspect ratios, tailored porosity, and defect-rich surfaces facilitate enhanced gas adsorption kinetics and efficient signal transduction. These devices exhibit high sensitivity and selectivity toward a range of analytes, including NO2, CO, H2S, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with detection limits often reaching the parts-per-billion level. Emerging innovations, such as photo-assisted sensing and integration with artificial intelligence for data analysis and pattern recognition, further extend the capabilities of GLAD-based systems for multifunctional, real-time, and adaptive sensing. Finally, current challenges and future research directions are discussed, emphasizing the promise of GLAD as a scalable platform for next-generation gas sensing technologies.","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12298536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation of Non-Covalent BPTCD/g-C₃N₄ Heterojunction Photocatalysts and Photodegradation of Organic Dyes Under Solar Irradiation. 非共价BPTCD/g-C3N4异质结光催化剂的制备及其对有机染料的光降解

IF 4.3 3区材料科学

Nanomaterials Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.3390/nano15141131

Xing Wei, Gaopeng Jia, Ru Chen, Yalong Zhang

{"title":"Preparation of Non-Covalent BPTCD/g-C3N4 Heterojunction Photocatalysts and Photodegradation of Organic Dyes Under Solar Irradiation.","authors":"Xing Wei, Gaopeng Jia, Ru Chen, Yalong Zhang","doi":"10.3390/nano15141131","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15141131","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the BPTCD/g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalyst was successfully prepared by the hydrothermal method. BPTCD (3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride) is immobilised on the surface of g-C3N4 by non-covalent π-π stacking. The BPTCD/g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalyst is an all-organic photocatalyst with significantly improved photocatalytic performance compared with g-C3N4. BPTCD/g-C3N4-60% was able to effectively degrade MO solution (10 mg/L) to 99.9% and 82.8% in 60 min under full spectrum and visible light. The TOC measurement results indicate that MO can ultimately be decomposed into H2O and CO2 through photocatalytic action. The photodegradation of methyl orange by BPTCD/g-C3N4 composite materials under sunlight is mainly attributed to the successful construction of the heterojunction structure and its excellent π-π stacking effect. Superoxide radicals (•O2-) were found to be the main active species, while •OH and h+ played a secondary role. The synthesised BPTCD/g-C3N4 also showed excellent stability in the activity of photodegradation of MO in wastewater, with the performance remaining above 90% after three cycles. The mechanism of the photocatalytic removal of MO dyes was also investigated by the trap agent experiments. Additionally, BPTCD/g-C3N4-60% demonstrated exceptional photodegradation performance in the degradation of methylene blue (MB). BPTCD/g-C3N4 heterojunctions have great potential to degrade organic pollutants in wastewater under solar irradiation conditions.","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12298509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Controlled Synthesis of Tellurium Nanowires and Performance Optimization of Thin-Film Transistors via Percolation Network Engineering. 碲纳米线的控制合成及薄膜晶体管的性能优化。

IF 4.3 3区材料科学

Nanomaterials Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.3390/nano15141128

Mose Park, Zhiyi Lyu, Seung Hyun Song, Hoo-Jeong Lee

{"title":"Controlled Synthesis of Tellurium Nanowires and Performance Optimization of Thin-Film Transistors via Percolation Network Engineering.","authors":"Mose Park, Zhiyi Lyu, Seung Hyun Song, Hoo-Jeong Lee","doi":"10.3390/nano15141128","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15141128","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we propose a method for systematic nanowire length control through the precise control of the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) concentration during the synthesis of tellurium nanowires. Furthermore, we report the changes in the electrical properties of thin-film transistor (TFT) devices with different lengths of synthesized tellurium nanowires used as channels. Through the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), it was determined that the length of the wires increased in relation to the amount of PVP incorporated, while the diameter remained consistent. The synthesized long wires formed a well-connected percolation network with a junction density of 4.6 junctions/µm2, which enabled the fabrication of devices with excellent electrical properties, the highest on/off ratio of 103, and charge mobility of 1.1 cm2/V·s. In contrast, wires with comparatively reduced PVP content demonstrated a junction density of 2.1 junctions/µm2, exhibiting a lower on/off ratio and reduced charge mobility. These results provide guidance on how the amount of PVP added during wire growth affects the length of the synthesized wires and how it affects the connectivity between the wires when they form a network, which may help optimize the performance of high-performance nanoelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12298453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing the Performance of Si/Ga₂O₃ Heterojunction Solar-Blind Photodetectors for Underwater Applications. 提高水下应用的Si/Ga2O3异质结太阳盲光电探测器的性能。

IF 4.3 3区材料科学

Nanomaterials Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.3390/nano15141137

Nuoya Li, Zhixuan Liao, Linying Peng, Difei Xue, Kai Peng, Peiwen Lv

{"title":"Enhancing the Performance of Si/Ga2O3 Heterojunction Solar-Blind Photodetectors for Underwater Applications.","authors":"Nuoya Li, Zhixuan Liao, Linying Peng, Difei Xue, Kai Peng, Peiwen Lv","doi":"10.3390/nano15141137","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15141137","url":null,"abstract":"Epitaxial growth of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on silicon substrates was realized by the low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) method. The as-grown Si/Ga2O3 heterojunctions were employed in the Underwater DUV detection. It is found that the carrier type as well as the carrier concentration of the silicon substrate significantly affect the performance of the Si/Ga2O3 heterojunction. The p-Si/β-Ga2O3 (2.68 × 1015 cm-3) devices exhibit a responsivity of up to 205.1 mA/W, which is twice the performance of the devices on the n-type substrate (responsivity of 93.69 mA/W). Moreover, the devices' performance is enhanced with the increase in the carrier concentration of the p-type silicon substrates; the corresponding device on the high carrier concentration substrate (6.48 × 1017 cm-3) achieves a superior responsivity of 845.3 mA/W. The performance enhancement is mainly attributed to the built-in electric field at the p-Si/n-Ga2O3 heterojunction and the reduction in the Schottky barrier under high carrier concentration. These findings would provide a strategy for optimizing carrier transport and interface engineering in solar-blind UV photodetectors, advancing the practical use of high-performance solar-blind photodetectors for underwater application.","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12300985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Powerful Tribocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange Solutions with Concentrations as High as 100 mg/L by BaTiO₃ Nanoparticles. BaTiO3纳米颗粒摩擦催化降解浓度高达100 mg/L的甲基橙溶液

IF 4.3 3区材料科学

Nanomaterials Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.3390/nano15141135

Mingzhang Zhu, Zeren Zhou, Yanhong Gu, Lina Bing, Yuqin Xie, Zhenjiang Shen, Wanping Chen

{"title":"Powerful Tribocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange Solutions with Concentrations as High as 100 mg/L by BaTiO3 Nanoparticles.","authors":"Mingzhang Zhu, Zeren Zhou, Yanhong Gu, Lina Bing, Yuqin Xie, Zhenjiang Shen, Wanping Chen","doi":"10.3390/nano15141135","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15141135","url":null,"abstract":"In sharp contrast to photocatalysis and other prevalent catalytic technologies, tribocatalysis has emerged as a promising technology to degrade high-concentration organic dyes in recent years. In this study, BaTiO3 (BTO) nanoparticles were challenged to degrade methyl orange (MO) solutions with unprecedentedly high concentrations through magnetic stirring. With BTO nanoparticles and home-made PTFE magnetic rotary disks in 50 mg/L MO solutions, 10 h of magnetic stirring resulted in 91.4% and 98.1% degradations in an as-received glass beaker and in a beaker with a PTFE disk coated on its bottom, respectively. Even for 100 mg/L MO solutions, nearly complete degradation was achieved by magnetic-stirring-stimulated BTO nanoparticles in beakers with the following four kinds of bottom: 97.3% degradation in 30 h for a glass bottom, 97.4% degradation in 20 h for a PTFE coating, 97.9% degradation in 42 h for a Ti coating, and 97.4% degradation in 74 h for an Al2O3 coating. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analyses revealed that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by magnetic-stirring-stimulated BTO nanoparticles is dramatically affected by the bottom material of beakers. These findings suggest an appealing prospect for BTO nanoparticles to utilize mechanical energy for sustainable water remediation.","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12298861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synchrotron-Based Structural Analysis of Nanosized Gd₂(Ti_1-xZr_x)₂O₇ for Radioactive Waste Management. 基于同步加速器的纳米Gd2(Ti1-xZrx)2O7的结构分析

IF 4.3 3区材料科学

Nanomaterials Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.3390/nano15141134

Marco Pinna, Andrea Trapletti, Claudio Minelli, Armando di Biase, Federico Bianconi, Michele Clemente, Alessandro Minguzzi, Carlo Castellano, Marco Scavini

{"title":"Synchrotron-Based Structural Analysis of Nanosized Gd2(Ti1-xZrx)2O7 for Radioactive Waste Management.","authors":"Marco Pinna, Andrea Trapletti, Claudio Minelli, Armando di Biase, Federico Bianconi, Michele Clemente, Alessandro Minguzzi, Carlo Castellano, Marco Scavini","doi":"10.3390/nano15141134","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15141134","url":null,"abstract":"Complex oxides with the general formula Gd2(Ti1-xZrx)2O7 are promising candidates for radioactive waste immobilization due to their capacity to withstand radiation by dissipating part of the free energy driving defect creation and phase transitions. In this study, samples with varying zirconium content (xZr = 0.00, 0.15, 0.25, 0.375, 0.56, 0.75, 0.85, 1.00) were synthesized via the sol-gel method and thermally treated at 500 °C to obtain nanosized powders mimicking the defective structure of irradiated materials. Synchrotron-based techniques were employed to investigate their structural properties: High-Resolution X-ray Powder Diffraction (HR-XRPD) was used to assess long-range structure, while Pair Distribution Function (PDF) analysis and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy provided insights into the local structure. HR-XRPD data revealed that samples with low Zr content (xZr ≤ 0.25) are amorphous. Increasing Zr concentration led to the emergence of a crystalline phase identified as defective fluorite (xZr = 0.375, 0.56). Samples with the highest Zr content (xZr ≥ 0.75) were fully crystalline and exhibited only the fluorite phase. The experimental G(r) functions of the fully crystalline samples in the low r range are suitably fitted by the Weberite structure, mapping the relaxations induced by structural disorder in defective fluorite. These structural insights informed the subsequent EXAFS analysis at the Zr-K and Gd-L3 edges, confirming the splitting of the cation-cation distances associated with different metal species. Moreover, EXAFS provided a local structural description of the amorphous phases, identifying a consistent Gd-O distance across all compositions.","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12298962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Memristor-Based Spiking Neuromorphic Systems Toward Brain-Inspired Perception and Computing. 基于记忆电阻器的脉冲神经形态系统对大脑感知和计算的启发。

IF 4.3 3区材料科学

Nanomaterials Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.3390/nano15141130

Xiangjing Wang, Yixin Zhu, Zili Zhou, Xin Chen, Xiaojun Jia

{"title":"Memristor-Based Spiking Neuromorphic Systems Toward Brain-Inspired Perception and Computing.","authors":"Xiangjing Wang, Yixin Zhu, Zili Zhou, Xin Chen, Xiaojun Jia","doi":"10.3390/nano15141130","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15141130","url":null,"abstract":"Threshold-switching memristors (TSMs) are emerging as key enablers for hardware spiking neural networks, offering intrinsic spiking dynamics, sub-pJ energy consumption, and nanoscale footprints ideal for brain-inspired computing at the edge. This review provides a comprehensive examination of how TSMs emulate diverse spiking behaviors-including oscillatory, leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF), Hodgkin-Huxley (H-H), and stochastic dynamics-and how these features enable compact, energy-efficient neuromorphic systems. We analyze the physical switching mechanisms of redox and Mott-type TSMs, discuss their voltage-dependent dynamics, and assess their suitability for spike generation. We review memristor-based neuron circuits regarding architectures, materials, and key performance metrics. At the system level, we summarize bio-inspired neuromorphic platforms integrating TSM neurons with visual, tactile, thermal, and olfactory sensors, achieving real-time edge computation with high accuracy and low power. Finally, we critically examine key challenges-such as stochastic switching origins, device variability, and endurance limits-and propose future directions toward reconfigurable, robust, and scalable memristive neuromorphic architectures.","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12300364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0