Nanomaterials最新文献

{"title":"Nanomechanics of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Growth Coupled with Morphological Dynamics of Catalyst Particles.","authors":"Shuze Zhu","doi":"10.3390/nano15181441","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15181441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low-dimensional carbon nanostructures such as nanotubes, nanocones, and nanofibers can be grown in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis using catalyst nanoparticles. It is commonly observed that the morphology of solid catalyst nanoparticles continuously fluctuates during multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) growth. Interestingly, when the diameter of the inner tube of the growing MWCNT reduces below a threshold value, the catalyst nanoparticle snaps out of the MWCNT and recovers its spherical shape. If the MWCNT is tapered, the catalyst nanoparticle may also break. In this study, large-scale molecular dynamics simulations and nanomechanical modeling are employed to elucidate the complete process of MWCNT growth coupled with morphological change in the catalytic nanoparticles. It is shown that the tendency to decrease the surface energy of the catalyst nanoparticle is the major underlying driving force for the variation in morphology under the mechanical constraint of the growing MWCNT. Importantly, the predicted critical inner CNT radius at the onset of the shape recovery is in excellent agreement with experimental observations. The combination of molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical modeling offer an alternative perspective on co-evolution of catalyst nanoparticles and the growth of low-dimensional carbon nanostructures.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wettability Effect on Nanoconfined Water's Spontaneous Imbibition: Interfacial Molecule-Surface Action Mechanism Based on the Integration of Profession and Innovation.","authors":"Yanglu Wan, Wei Lu, Yang Jiao, Fulong Li, Mingfang Zhan, Zichen Wang, Zheng Sun","doi":"10.3390/nano15181447","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15181447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of molecule-surface interaction strength on water becomes pronounced when pore size shrinks to the nanoscale, leading to the spatially varying viscosity and water slip phenomena that break the theoretical basis of the classic Lucas-Washburn (L-W) equation for the spontaneous imbibition of water. With the purpose of fulfilling the knowledge gap, the viscosity of nanoconfined water is investigated in relation to surface contact angle, a critical parameter manifesting microscopic molecule-surface interaction strength. Then, the water slip length at the nanoscale is determined in accordance with the mechanical balance of the first-layer water molecules, which enlarges gradually with increasing contact angle, indicating a weaker surface-molecule interaction. After that, a novel model for the spontaneous imbibition of nanoconfined water incorporating spatially inhomogeneous water viscosity and water slip is developed for the first time, demonstrating that the conventional model yields overestimations of 16.7-103.2%. Hydrodynamics affected by pore geometry are considered as well. The results indicate the following: (a) Enhanced viscosity resulting from the nanopore surface action reduces the water imbibition distance, the absolute magnitude of which could be 3 times greater than the positive impact of water slip. (b) With increasing pore size, the impact of water slip declines much faster than the enhanced viscosity, leading to the ratio of the nanoconfined water imbibition distance to the result of the L-W equation dropping rapidly at first and then approaching unity. (c) Water imbibition performance in slit nanopores is superior to that in nanoscale capillaries, stemming from the fact that the effective water viscosity in nano-capillaries is greater than that in slit nanopores by 5.1-22.1%, suggesting stronger hydrodynamic resistance. This research is able to provide an accurate prediction of spontaneous imbibition of nanoconfined water with microscopic mechanisms well captured, sharing broad application potential in hydraulic fracturing water analysis and water-flooding-enhanced oil/gas recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning Ag Loading and Particle Size in Ag@g-C₃N₄ Photocatalysts for Selective CO₂ Conversion to CO and CH₄.","authors":"Shicheng Liu, Na Li, Qulan Zhou","doi":"10.3390/nano15181443","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15181443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elucidating the mechanisms of CO₂ photocatalytic conversion systems is crucial for tackling the challenges of carbon neutrality. In this study, a series of Ag@g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts were constructed with metal particle size modulation as the core strategy to systematically reveal the modulation mechanism of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) size variation on the selectivity of CO₂ photoreduction products. Systematic characterizations revealed that increasing Ag size enhanced visible light absorption, promoted charge separation, and improved CH₄ selectivity. Photocatalytic tests showed Ag_3.0%@CN achieved optimal activity and electron utilization. Energy band analyses indicated that Ag modification preserved favorable conduction band positions while increasing donor capacity. Further density-functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that Ag NPs size variations significantly affect the adsorption stability and conversion energy barriers of intermediates such as *COOH, CO and CHO, with small-sized Ag₇ NPs favoring the CO pathway, while large-sized Ag NPs stabilize the key intermediates and drive the reaction towards the CH₄ pathway evolution. The experimental and theoretical results corroborate each other and clarify the dominant role of Ag NPs size in regulating the reaction path between CO and CH₄. This study provides mechanistic guidance for the selective regulation of the multi-electron reduction pathway, which is of great significance for the construction of efficient and highly selective CO₂ photocatalytic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Structure-Luminescence Relationship and Anti-Counterfeiting Application of (Ca,Sr)-Al-O Composite Fluorescent Materials.","authors":"Jianhui Lv, Jigang Wang, Yuansheng Qi, Jindi Hu, Haiming Li, Chuanming Wang, Xiaohan Cheng, Deyu Pan, Zhenjun Li, Junming Li","doi":"10.3390/nano15181446","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15181446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel long-lasting luminescent composite material based on the (Ca,Sr)-Al-O system was synthesized using a solution combustion method. (Ca,Sr)₃Al₂O₆ is the primary phase, with SrAl₂O₄ as a controllable secondary phase. Compared to conventional single-phase SrAl₂O₄ phosphors, the introduction of a calcium-rich hexaaluminate matrix creates additional defects and a specific trap distribution at the composite interface, significantly improving carrier storage and release efficiency. Eu²⁺ + Nd³⁺ synergistic doping enables precise control of the trap depth and number. Under 365 nm excitation, Eu²⁺ emission is located at ~515 nm, with Nd³⁺ acting as an effective trap center. Under optimal firing conditions at 700 °C (Eu²⁺ = 0.02, Nd³⁺ = 0.003), the afterglow lifetime exceeds 30 s. Furthermore, The (Ca,Sr)₃Al₂O₆ host stabilizes the lattice and optimizes defect states, while synergizing with the SrAl₂O₄ secondary phase to improve the afterglow performance. This composite phosphor exhibits excellent dual-mode anti-counterfeiting properties: long-lasting green emission under 365 nm excitation and transient blue-violet emission under 254 nm excitation. Based on this, a screen-printing ink was prepared using the phosphor and ethanol + PVB, enabling high-resolution QR code printing. Pattern recognition and code verification can be performed both in the UV on and off states, demonstrating its great potential in high-security anti-counterfeiting applications. Compared to traditional single-phase SrAl₂O₄ systems, this study for the first time constructed a composite trap engineering of the (Ca,Sr)₃Al₂O₆ primary phase and the SrAl₂O₄ secondary phase, achieving the integration of dual-mode anti-counterfeiting functionality with a high-resolution QR code fluorescent ink.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the Generation of High-Purity Vortex Beams Aided by Genetic Algorithms.","authors":"Xinyu Ma, Wenjie Guo, Qing'an Sun, Xuesong Deng, Hang Yu, Lixia Yang","doi":"10.3390/nano15181448","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15181448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vortex beams (VBs) generated by plasmonic metasurfaces hold great potential in the field of information transmission due to their unique helical phase wavefronts and infinite eigenstates. However, achieving perfect multiplexing and superposition of VBs with different orders remains a challenging issue in nanophotonics research. In this paper, based on a single-layer metallic porous metasurface structure applicable to the infrared spectrum, VBs with orders 2, 4, 6, and 8 are realized through the arrangement of annular elliptical apertures. Moreover, perfect VBs are achieved by optimizing key structural parameters using a genetic algorithm. The optimization of key structural parameters via genetic-based optimization algorithms to attain the desired effects can significantly reduce the workload of manual parameter adjustment. In addition, leveraging the orthogonality between VBs of different orders, concentric circular multi-channel VBs array (<i>l</i> = 2, 6) and (<i>l</i> = 4, 8) are realized. High-purity multiplexing architectures (>90%) are achieved via rational optimization of critical structural parameters using a genetic optimization algorithm, which further mitigates information crosstalk in optical communication transmission. The introduction of the genetic algorithm not only reduces the workload of manual arrangement of unit arrays but also enables the generation of more perfect VBs, providing a new research direction for optical communication transmission and optical communication encryption.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Chen et al. Enhancing the Efficacy of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Medicinal Plants through Nanoformulations: A Promising Field. <i>Nanomaterials</i> 2024, <i>14</i>, 1598.","authors":"Yuhao Chen, Yuying Tang, Yuanbo Li, Yukui Rui, Peng Zhang","doi":"10.3390/nano15181442","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15181442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Efficiencies of TiO₂ Photocatalysts on β-Blocker Metoprolol Degradation by Solar Heterogeneous Photocatalysis.","authors":"Irma C Torrecillas-Rodríguez, Francisco Rodríguez-González, Daniel Tapia-Maruri, Héctor J Dorantes-Rosales, José L Molina-González, Cynthia M Núñez-Núñez, José B Proal-Nájera","doi":"10.3390/nano15181445","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15181445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The degradation of metoprolol (MET) has become a topic of interest due to its persistence in the environment. TiO₂ is a catalyst commonly used for the degradation of emergent pollutants through photocatalysis due to its physicochemical properties, and it has been pointed out that its crystallite structure and size affect the photocatalytic efficiency. In this study, three brands of TiO₂ (Evonik P25, Fermont and Sigma Aldrich) were characterized to evaluate their crystallographic and morphological properties. Then, their photocatalytic capacity was tested in solar heterogeneous photocatalysis experiments when degrading MET under various experimental conditions. The TiO₂ catalysts tested yielded different results when degrading MET in photocatalytic experiments, indicating that presence of a rutile phase in the catalyst and the crystal size are important factors for the success of this semiconductor. Results from solar heterogeneous photocatalysis for MET degradation indicate efficiencies as P25 > Sigma-Aldrich > Fermont, but demonstrate that, even lower-priced TiO₂ catalysts yield good results for contaminant degradation (90% MET degradation for P25 against 63% when using Sigma Aldrich TiO₂). This study highlights the potential of solar photocatalysis with lower-priced TiO₂ catalysts as a viable and sustainable solution for the decontamination of pharmaceutical wastewater in large scale photocatalytic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luminescence Properties of Eu³⁺, Ba²⁺, and Bi³⁺ Co-Doped YVO₄ for Wide-Spectrum Excitation.","authors":"Jianhua Huang, Cong Dong, Ping Huang, Wei Zhong, Yinqi Luo, Jianmin Li, Yibiao Hu, Wenjie Duan, Lingjia Qiu, Wenzhen Qin, Yu Xie","doi":"10.3390/nano15181444","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15181444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>YVO₄ based phosphors have aroused extensive interest in the field of optoelectronics due to their good chemical stability and unique luminescence properties. However, commercialization of YVO₄ phosphors requires high luminescence intensity, enhanced conversion efficiency, and a wide excitation spectrum. In this work, Eu³⁺, Ba²⁺, Bi³⁺ co-doped YVO₄ was prepared by the sol-gel method. The XRD of YVO₄: 5%Eu³⁺, 5%Ba²⁺, 0.5%Bi³⁺ phosphor analysis confirms the pure tetragonal phase, with a fairly large size of approximately 100 nm for the optimal composition. And the SEM and TEM revealed well-dispersed spherical nanoparticles with sizes of 100-120 nm. The introduction of Ba²⁺ ions enhanced the luminescence intensity, while the incorporation of Bi³⁺ ions improved the excitation width of the phosphor. The resulting YVO₄: 5%Eu³⁺, 5%Ba²⁺, 0.5%Bi³⁺ phosphor exhibited a 1.39-times broader excitation bandwidth and a 2.72-times greater luminescence intensity at 618 nm compared to the benchmark YVO₄: 5% Eu³⁺ sample. Additionally, the transmittance of the films in the 350 nm to 800 nm region exceeded 85%. The YVO₄: 5%Eu³⁺, 5%Ba²⁺, 0.5%Bi³⁺ film effectively absorbed ultraviolet light and converted it to red emission, enabling potential applications in solar cell window layers, dye-sensitized cell luminescence layers, and solar cell packaging glass.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-Effective Fabrication of Silica-Silver Microspheres with Enhanced Conductivity for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding.","authors":"Mingzheng Hao, Zhonghua Huang, Wencai Wang, Zhaoxia Lv, Tao Zhang, Wenjin Liang, Yurong Liang","doi":"10.3390/nano15181433","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15181433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A green and cost-effective method was employed to efficiently synthesize conductive silica-silver (SiO₂/PCPA/Ag) core-shell structured microspheres. The SiO₂ microspheres were initially functionalized with poly(catechol-polyamine), followed by the in situ reduction of Ag ions to Ag nanoparticles on the surface of the SiO₂ microspheres using an electroless plating process. Analysis using scanning electron microscopy confirmed the successful formation of a dense and uniform silver layer on the surface of the SiO₂ microspheres. The valence state of the silver present on the surface of the SiO₂ microspheres was determined to be zero through analyses conducted using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer. Consequently, the SiO₂/PCPA/Ag microspheres, upon initial preparation, demonstrated a notable conductivity of 1005 S/cm, which was further enhanced to 1612 S/cm following additional heat treatment aimed at rectifying defects within the silver layer. The resulting rubber composites displayed a low electrical resistivity of 5.4 × 10^-3 Ω·cm and exhibited a significant electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness exceeding 100 dB against both X-band and Ku-band frequencies, suggesting promising potential for utilization as a material for conducting and EMI shielding purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Block Magnets with Uniform Core-Shell Microstructure Regenerated from NdFeB Grain Boundary Diffusion Sheet Magnets.","authors":"Xiangheng Zhuge, Shuhan Dong, Yuxin Jin, Qiong Wu, Ming Yue, Weiqiang Liu, Yuqing Li, Zhanjia Wang, Qingmei Lu, Yiming Qiu, Yanjie Tong","doi":"10.3390/nano15181437","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15181437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The grain boundary diffusion (GBD) process is currently the relatively effective method for utilizing heavy rare earth (HRE) elements in NdFeB magnets, especially for magnetic sheets. However, due to a highly uneven microstructure, the recovery of GBD magnets was considered difficult. In this work, our study prioritized short-loop recycling of GBD NdFeB sheet magnets to prepare block magnets. A comparative investigation was conducted between GBD-processed NdFeB magnets and the conventional sintered magnets, with particular emphasis on their recyclability characteristics. Among them, the Tb content of GBD magnets of 0.4 wt.% was significantly lower than sintered magnets of 1.73 wt.%. When two waste magnets were supplemented with the same amount of rare earth, it was found that the coercivity of the block magnets regenerated from GBD sheet magnets was higher. Microstructural analysis revealed that the core-shell grains originally located in the surface layer of GBD magnets were uniformly mixed and diffused with the ordinary particles originally located inside during the regeneration sintering process. The regenerated GBD magnets exhibited a more uniform core-shell microstructure with submicron shells of Tb elements along with reduced areas of RE-rich phase enrichment which facilitated the formation of a continuous and uniform thin-layer grain boundary, thereby enhancing the magnetic isolation effect. Apart from the significance of recycling, these block magnets regenerated from GBD magnets also provides a new approach to solving the challenge of high coercivity and low HRE elements in bulk magnets.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}