Nanomaterials最新文献

{"title":"Self-Assembly of Modular Bis-MPA Dendrons into Colloidal Particles with Tunable Morphology and Selective Cytotoxicity.","authors":"Luis M Negrón, Clara L Camacho-Mercado, Cristian A Morales-Borges, Alondra López-Colón, Ariana De Jesús-Hernández, Ansé E Santiago-Figueroa, Jean M Rodríguez-Rivera, Yancy Ferrer-Acosta, Bismark A Madera-Soto","doi":"10.3390/nano16070406","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16070406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Precise control over the physicochemical and biological properties of colloidal particles is essential for the rational design of functional soft materials. In this work, we report a simple and scalable strategy for generating modular dendron particles (MDPs) through the self-assembly of fully characterized small-molecule Bis-MPA dendrons that act as programmable molecular building blocks for colloidal particle formation. By systematically varying three structural domains-the inner functionality, methylene spacer length, and outer connector-we achieve tunable formation of MDPs ranging from nano- to microscale dimensions. Upon solvent evaporation under mild drying conditions, pre-assembled MDPs act as structure-directing seeds that guide the emergence of hierarchical surface morphologies with spiky, scaly, or spherical protrusions, depending on dendron architecture. Importantly, these assemblies exhibit good biocompatibility toward non-tumoral bronchial epithelial (NL-20) cells while displaying selective cytotoxicity toward Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells, demonstrating that dendron molecular architecture alone can govern particle size, morphology, and biological response without external drug loading. Collectively, these findings highlight modular Bis-MPA dendrons as versatile building blocks for directing particle size, morphology, and biological response through controlled self-assembly and evaporation-driven structuring.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13075144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Release Assessment Methodology for Safe, Sustainable, and Recyclable By-Design Practices for Plastics: The Epoxy-Resin Composite Case Study.","authors":"Virginia Cazzagon, Patrizia Marie Schmidt, Bastien Pellegrin, Herve Fontaine, Delphine Tissier, Arrate Huegun, Valeria Berner, Carl-Christoph Höhne, Sebastien Artous, Socorro Vázquez-Campos, Camilla Delpivo","doi":"10.3390/nano16070403","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16070403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of new materials that are inherently safe and sustainable has become a critical objective in the context of the green transition. This challenge is especially significant for plastics, which often contain complex mixtures of chemicals that may be released during various stages of their life cycle and that can pose risks to human health and the environment. Within this context, the Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD) framework was followed to support the design of an innovative epoxy-vitrimer composite that integrates non-releasable fire-retardant functionalities, aiming to produce safer, sustainable, and recyclable materials suitable for railway applications. A simple methodology was developed to identify release hotspots potentially affecting workers, consumers, and environmental species and organisms. Based on this, experimental simulations were conducted to evaluate the release of materials such as flame retardants, non-intentionally added substances, and microplastics at hotspots and to compare release profiles between a benchmark material and an SSbD alternative. The results demonstrate that the newly developed recyclable and less hazardous composites can also reduce material release under weathering and abrasion conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13075047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147674972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composite Heterogeneity Threshold (CHT) in CNT- and Oxide-Modified Woven Glass/Epoxy Composites Under Multi-Loading Conditions: Experimental Validation and Continuum Model Assessment.","authors":"Batuhan Çetin, Lütfiye Dahil","doi":"10.3390/nano16070408","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16070408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites were modified with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), Al₂O₃, and TiO₂ nanoparticles to comparatively evaluate their influence on tensile, flexural, and low-velocity impact performance within an integrated experimental-numerical framework. Nanoparticles were incorporated at controlled weight fractions to identify dispersion-controlled reinforcement regimes and the onset of heterogeneity-driven mechanical transitions. Among all formulations, 0.5 wt% CNTs provided the most pronounced static mechanical enhancement, increasing tensile strength to 419.50 MPa (≈21% improvement over the reference GF laminate) and flexural strength to 230.23 MPa (≈26% increase). In contrast, impact performance exhibited a non-monotonic evolution; the highest absorbed energy (9.64 J) was observed at 2 wt% CNTs, indicating that dynamic energy dissipation mechanisms do not necessarily scale proportionally with static strength gains. Oxide-filled systems demonstrated stiffness-dominated behavior, where increasing filler content amplified elastic mismatch and progressively reduced strength despite modulus enhancement. Finite element simulations conducted in ANSYS LS-DYNA (MAT_022) reproduced global stiffness trends within the dispersion-controlled regime. Tensile strength predictions agreed within 0-9% at optimal CNT loading, whereas larger deviations (up to ~33%) emerged under bending-dominated loading in oxide-rich systems, reflecting amplified sensitivity to microstructural heterogeneity. The coupled evolution of stiffness-strength decoupling (SSDI) and FEM deviation (η) enabled identification of a Composite Heterogeneity Threshold (CHT), defined as the nanoparticle concentration beyond which stiffness enhancement no longer translates into proportional strength or toughness improvement. Beyond this threshold, dispersion-induced heterogeneity not only reduces mechanical efficiency but also marks the boundary of homogenized continuum model adequacy across static and dynamic loading conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13074338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147674942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Fullerenol C₆₀(OH)₂₄ on Viability and Phagocytic Activity of Human Neutrophils.","authors":"Sergey Lazarev, Valeria Timganova, Maria Bochkova, Maria Dolgikh, Darya Usanina, Svetlana Zamorina, Mikhail Rayev","doi":"10.3390/nano16070405","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16070405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water-soluble fullerene derivatives such as fullerenol C₆₀(OH)₂₄ are promising candidates for nanomedicine applications, yet their effects on innate immune cells remain poorly characterized. We investigated the interaction of fullerenol with human neutrophils isolated from healthy donors, exposed to concentrations of 0.25-200 μg/mL over 24-72 h. Using multi-parameter flow cytometry, we assessed viability, apoptosis, phagocytic activity, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, complemented by cell-free DPPH radical scavenging assays. Fullerenol was taken up by neutrophils in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. No significant cytotoxicity was observed up to 100 μg/mL, while viability declined at 200 μg/mL. Phagocytosis of opsonized <i>E. coli</i> was preserved at lower concentrations, though a statistically significant negative correlation with fullerenol concentration was detected at higher doses. In cell-free assays, fullerenol scavenged DPPH radicals with an EC₅₀ of 48.90 ± 10.02 μg/mL, exhibiting slower kinetics than Trolox or ascorbic acid. Critically, fullerenol suppressed intracellular ROS production by >33% at 50 μg/mL following PMA stimulation of neutrophils. These findings demonstrate that fullerenol C₆₀(OH)₂₄ combines potent intracellular antioxidant activity with a favorable neutrophil safety profile, supporting its potential application in oxidative stress-related conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13075029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147674874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum Random Number Generation Using Nanodiamonds and Nanopillar-Isolated Single NV Centers.","authors":"Oskars Rudzitis, Reinis Lazda, Valts Krumins, Heinrihs Meilerts, Mona Jani, Marcis Auzinsh","doi":"10.3390/nano16070404","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16070404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantum random number generation (QRNG) provides fundamentally unpredictable randomness derived from intrinsic quantum processes. In this work we demonstrate two solid-state, room-temperature QRNG implementations based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, i.e., ensemble fluorescence from nanodiamonds and single-photon emission from single NV centers located at the tips of fabricated diamond nanopillars for enhanced light collection efficiency, spatial isolation and minimized crosstalk. We compare entropy rates (above 0.98 bits), statistical performance, and robustness of both approaches in our experimental setup, the results contribute to establishing diamond-based QRNG as a scalable solution for quantum-secure randomness generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13074566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manufacturing of Microstructural, Mechanical, and Corrosion Properties of MnAlCuFeTi High-Entropy Nanomaterials: Influence of Mechanical Alloying Time and Sintering Temperature.","authors":"Seyit Çağlar, Cengiz Temiz","doi":"10.3390/nano16070401","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16070401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores how variations in mechanical alloying time and sintering temperature influence the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of MnAlCuFeTi high-entropy alloys (HEAs). The MnAlCuFeTi alloy was produced by means of mechanical alloying for 5, 10, 15, and 20 h. Afterward, the alloy samples were sintered at two different temperatures: 550 °C and 650 °C. Structural properties were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Analysis of grain sizes, calculated using the Scherrer formula from SEM images, confirmed that grain size had decreased to the nanostructured regime and that microstructural homogeneity had improved. Corrosion behavior was evaluated using polarization curves, corrosion current density (<i>I_corr</i>), and corrosion rate measurements. The results show that increasing the mechanical alloying time reduces the alloy's grain size, thereby improving its mechanical and corrosion resistance. At a sintering temperature of 550 °C, <i>I_corr</i> and corrosion rate decrease with increasing grinding time, whereas at 650 °C, although high temperatures accelerate diffusion processes and increase phase homogeneity, they weaken corrosion resistance. These findings emphasize the importance of balancing alloying time and sintering temperature to optimize performance in high-corrosion-resistant HEA applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13074569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147674920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Screening Method to Assess Formation Damage During Injection of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Sandstone.","authors":"Craig Klevan, Bonnie A Marion, Jae Jin Han, Taeyoung Chang, Shuhao Liu, Keith P Johnston, Linda M Abriola, Kurt D Pennell","doi":"10.3390/nano16070402","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16070402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many advances in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) take advantage of the unique properties of nanomaterials to improve characterization of formation properties, achieve conformance control during flood operations, and extend the controlled release time of polymers. Magnetite nanoparticles (nMag) have been employed in these processes due to their low cost, low toxicity, and ability to be engineered to meet desired needs, especially with the application of a magnetic field. Similarly, silica dioxide (SiO₂) and aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles have been evaluated for the delivery of scale and asphaltene inhibitors. However, the injection of nanoparticles into porous media comes with the risk of formation damage due to particle deposition, which can lead to increased injection pressures and reductions in permeability. The goal of this study was to develop a method to evaluate and assess nanoparticle formulations for their potential to cause formation damage. A screening apparatus was constructed to hold small sandstone discs (~2 mm) or cores (~2.5 cm) for rapid testing with minimal material use and the capability to be used with either aqueous brine solutions or non-polar solvents as the mobile phase. Image analysis of the disc and pressure measurements demonstrated increasing deposition of nMag and face-caking when the salinity was increased from 500 mg/L NaCl (8.56 mM) to API brine (2.0 M). Similarly, when the injected concentration of silica nanoparticles in 500 mg/L NaCl was increased from 1 to 10 wt%, the back pressure increased by 55 psi, and face-caking was observed. The screening test results were consistent with traditional core-flood tests and was able to be modified to accommodate organic liquid mobile phases. The screening test results closely matched nanoparticle transport and retention measured in sandstone cores, confirming the ability of the system to rapidly screen nanoparticle formulations for potential formation damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13074735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147674981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chiral Self-Assembly and Chiral Separation of Ext-TEB Molecules on Bi(111).","authors":"Lei Liu, Zheng Wei, Min-Long Tao, Kai Sun, Ming-Xia Shi, Jun-Zhong Wang","doi":"10.3390/nano16070399","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16070399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The two-dimensional chiral self-assembly and chiral separation of achiral Ext-TEB molecules on a Bi(111) surface were investigated using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (LT-STM). At low coverage, the molecules self-assembled into chiral clusters. As the coverage increased, a monolayer film with a non-edge-sharing honeycomb structure was formed. This supramolecular structure exhibited organizational chirality, accompanied by chiral separation. Upon annealing, part of the non-edge-sharing honeycomb structure transformed into a close-packed structure, while retaining the organizational chirality, supramolecular chirality, and pronounced chiral separation. Furthermore, applying a higher bias was found to induce a transition in the electronic state of the non-edge-sharing honeycomb structure, converting it into an edge-sharing honeycomb configuration. This study reveals that the chirality of 1,3,5-tris(4-ethynylphenyl) benzene (Ext-TEB) arises from the rotation of the side-chain phenyl rings, which is induced by the rotation of the molecular axis relative to the substrate lattice. This work presents a strategy for the preparation of chiral nanostructures from achiral molecules due to the spontaneous chiral symmetry generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13074591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147674567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadband NIR-II Emission with Wide Excitation Range in Cs₂WCl₆ Double Perovskites Utilizing Re⁴⁺ Doping.","authors":"Yu Xiao, Xiaobo Hu, Ziqian Jiang, Chuanli Wu, Xiuxun Han","doi":"10.3390/nano16070400","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16070400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Halide double perovskites with near-infrared (NIR) emission are promising for optoelectronic applications. NIR-II (1000-1700 nm) emission, in particular, is attractive due to its strong tissue penetration, high spatial resolution, and low biological light damage risk. However, materials capable of NIR-II emission often require additional sensitizers and suffer from issues such as narrow emission bandwidth and low photoluminescence efficiency. In this work, we report a Re⁴⁺ doping strategy using Cs₂WCl₆, a vacancy-ordered double perovskite, to achieve efficient NIR-II emission. Spectroscopic and dynamic measurements reveal energy transfer between the Cs₂WCl₆ matrix and the Re⁴⁺ centers, resulting in efficient broadband NIR-II emission centered at 1345 nm (FWHM ≈ 87 nm), along with broad excitation ranging from 250 to 850 nm. The optimal NIR-II emission occurs at 1345 nm with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 29.83% when the Re⁴⁺ doping concentration is 1%. This work demonstrates an efficient, sensitizer-free method for achieving broadband NIR-II emission and provides a new material strategy for high-performance double perovskites NIR light sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13074438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ordered Macro-Microporous ZIF-8 Decorated with Nanoparticles for Highly Sensitive Detection of Auramine O in Tropical Fruits.","authors":"Weiao Li, Litiao Ren, Yuqi Zhao, Xinping Cong, Mingjin Zhang, Yan Liu, Qihui Shen, Xiaoyang Liu","doi":"10.3390/nano16070398","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16070398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herein, an electrochemical sensor is reported for the first time based on an ordered macro-microporous composite derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for the highly sensitive detection of auramine O (AO), a Group 2B carcinogen. The hierarchical pore architecture, integrating an ordered macroporous network with a microporous ZIF-8 framework, enables the uniform dispersion of a high density of catalytically active sites. The interconnected macroporous channels facilitate efficient mass transport and rapid removal of reaction byproducts, effectively preventing pore blockage and ensuring stable sensing performance during repeated measurements. Owing to these structural advantages, the proposed sensor exhibits outstanding analytical performance toward AO detection, with a sensitivity of 0.4843 μA μM^-1, a detection limit of 0.168 μM (S/N = 3), and a wide linear range from 0.5 to 50 μM. Moreover, the sensor demonstrates excellent selectivity and reproducibility, maintaining reliable responses even in the presence of 100-fold excess common food constituents such as tartrazine and glucose. Real sample analysis further confirms its high accuracy and operational stability. Overall, the electrochemical sensor based on silver nanoparticle-decorated ordered macro-microporous ZIF-8 synthesized via in situ reduction shows great potential as a portable and on-site tool for rapid AO detection in food. More broadly, ordered macro-microporous MOF-derived materials represent a promising platform for advanced electrochemical sensor applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13074856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147674952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}