Nanomaterials最新文献

{"title":"Morphological and Optical Properties of RE-Doped ZnO Thin Films Fabricated Using Nanostructured Microclusters Grown by Electrospinning-Calcination.","authors":"Marina Manica, Mirela Petruta Suchea, Dumitru Manica, Petronela Pascariu, Oana Brincoveanu, Cosmin Romanitan, Cristina Pachiu, Adrian Dinescu, Raluca Muller, Stefan Antohe, Daniel Marcel Manoli, Emmanuel Koudoumas","doi":"10.3390/nano15171369","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15171369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we report the fabrication and multi-technique characterization of pure and rare-earth (RE)-doped ZnO thin films using nanostructured microclusters synthesized via electrospinning followed by calcination. Lanthanum (La), erbium (Er), and samarium (Sm) were each incorporated at five concentrations (0.1-5 at.%) into ZnO, and the resulting powders were drop-cast as thin films on glass substrates. This approach enables the transfer of pre-engineered nanoscale morphologies into the final thin-film architecture. The morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a predominance of spherical nanoparticles and nanorods, with distinct variations in size and aspect ratio depending on dopant type and concentration. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld analysis confirmed the wurtzite ZnO structure with increasing evidence of secondary phase formation at high dopant levels (e.g., Er₂O₃, Sm₂O₃, and La(OH)₃). Raman spectroscopy showed peak shifts, broadening, and defect-related vibrational modes induced by RE incorporation, in agreement with the lattice strain and crystallinity variations observed in XRD. Elemental mapping (EDX) confirmed uniform dopant distribution. Optical transmittance exceeded 70% for all films, with Tauc analysis revealing slight bandgap narrowing (Eg = 2.93-2.97 eV) compared to pure ZnO. This study demonstrates that rare-earth doping via electrospun nanocluster precursors is a viable route to engineer ZnO thin films with tunable structural and optical properties. Despite current limitations in film-substrate adhesion, the method offers a promising pathway for future transparent optoelectronic, sensing, or UV detection applications, where further interface engineering could unlock their full potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gallium Oxide Memristors: A Review of Resistive Switching Devices and Emerging Applications.","authors":"Alfred Moore, Yaonan Hou, Lijie Li","doi":"10.3390/nano15171365","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15171365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃)-based memristors are gaining traction as promising candidates for next-generation electronic devices toward in-memory computing, leveraging the unique properties of Ga₂O₃, such as its wide bandgap, high thermodynamic stability, and chemical stability. This review explores the evolution of memristor theory for Ga₂O₃-based materials, emphasising capacitive memristors and their ability to integrate resistive and capacitive switching mechanisms for multifunctional performance. We discussed the state-of-the-art fabrication methods, material engineering strategies, and the current challenges of Ga₂O₃-based memristors. The review also highlights the applications of these memristors in memory technologies, neuromorphic computing, and sensors, showcasing their potential to revolutionise emerging electronics. Special focus has been placed on the use of Ga₂O₃ in capacitive memristors, where their properties enable improved switching speed, endurance, and stability. In this paper we provide a comprehensive overview of the advancements in Ga₂O₃-based memristors and outline pathways for future research in this rapidly evolving field.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano- and Microplastics in the Brain: An Emerging Threat to Neural Health.","authors":"Anna Baroni, Chantalle Moulton, Mario Cristina, Luigi Sansone, Manuel Belli, Ennio Tasciotti","doi":"10.3390/nano15171361","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15171361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nano- and microplastics (NMPs), with nanoplastics posing higher risks due to their smaller size and greater capacity for cellular and subcellular penetration, are being referred to as ubiquitous environmental neurotoxicants, due to their ability to pass through biological barriers, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and nasal olfactory epithelium, and to remain lodged in neural tissue. Upon uptake, such particles disturb neuronal homeostasis by multiple converging pathways, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, pathological protein aggregation, and chronic neuroinflammation, all closely involved with the molecular signatures of neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-ALS). In addition to their neurotoxicity, recent findings suggest that NMPs could disturb synaptic communication and neuroplasticity, thereby compromising the brain's capacity to recover from an injury, a trauma, or neurodegeneration, thus impacting the progression of the disease, our ability to treat it and eventually the efficacy of rehabilitation approaches. Despite these findings, our understanding remains hampered by analytical issues, the scarcity of standard detection methods, and a total lack of longitudinal studies in humans. This review combines multidisciplinary evidence on brain-plastic interactions and calls for accelerated advances in our ability to monitor bioaccumulation in humans, and to integrate neurotoxicology paradigms in the assessment of this underappreciated but growing threat to brain health.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12429919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of Spin Transport Properties in Angled-Channel Graphene Spin Valves via Hybrid Spin Drift-Diffusion.","authors":"Samuel Olson, Kaleb Hood, Otto Zietz, Jun Jiao","doi":"10.3390/nano15171367","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15171367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Graphene has promise as a channel connecting separate units of large-scale spintronic circuits owing to its outstanding theoretical spin transport properties. However, spin transport properties of experimental devices consistently fall short of theoretical estimates due to impacts from the substrate, electrodes, or defects in the graphene itself. In this study, we fabricate both traditional non-local spin valves (NLSVs) and novel hybrid drift-diffusion spin valves (HDDSVs) to explore the impact of charge current and AC spin injection efficiency on spin transport. HDDSVs feature channel branches that allow investigation of charge-based spin drift enhancement compared to diffusion-only configurations. We investigate the modulation of spin transport through hybrid drift-diffusion, observing a decrease in spin signal by 11% for channels with a 45° branch angle, and a 21% increase in spin signal for 135° branch angle channels. We then fabricate symmetrical 90° channel branch angle devices, which do not produce consistent spin transport modulation in drift diffusion mode. These findings highlight the role of carrier drift in enhancing or suppressing spin transport, depending on channel geometry and injection configuration. Overall, our work demonstrates a promising approach to optimizing spin transport in graphene devices by leveraging hybrid drift-diffusion effects without requiring additional DC current sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12429978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of the Nano-Abrasives Key Parameters Influencing the Performance in Chemical Mechanical Polishing.","authors":"Houda Bellahsene, Saad Sene, Gautier Félix, Joulia Larionova, Marc Ferrari, Yannick Guari","doi":"10.3390/nano15171366","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15171366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) is a critical process in many industries where achieving superior surface quality through controlled material removal rates by using nano-abrasives is essential. This review examines key parameters of abrasives at the nanoscale, such as size, shape, aspect ratio, hardness, and surface modifications, through inorganic doping or organic molecule grafting and their influence on CMP performance. By analyzing recent studies, we explore how these parameters affect the tribological and chemical interactions during CMP and link these effects to the fundamental polishing mechanisms. Highlighting emerging trends, this work offers a roadmap for designing next-generation nano-abrasives that boost removal efficiency, enhance surface finish, and ensure process stability. Ultimately, controlling abrasive properties at the nanoscale is vital for advancing CMP technology toward more efficient, consistent, and high-quality results.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chrysin-Loaded Micelles Regulate Cell Cycle and Induce Intrinsic and Extrinsic Apoptosis in Ovarian Cancer Cells.","authors":"Serife Cakir, Ummugulsum Yildiz, Turgay Yildirim, Omer Aydin","doi":"10.3390/nano15171362","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15171362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective intracellular delivery for ovarian cancer therapy remains a significant challenge. We present chrysin-loaded p(MMA-co-DMAEMA)-b-(OEGMA-co-DMA), PMOD-Chr, a nanoparticle platform precisely engineered via RAFT polymerization for advanced therapeutic delivery. This multi-functional platform features a hydrophobic p(MMA) core encapsulating chrysin (Chr), a pH-responsive p(DMAEMA) segment for endosomal escape, and a hydrophilic OEGMA (Oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) shell functionalized for enhanced cellular affinity and systemic stability. The combination of OEGMA and DMA (Dopamine methacrylamide) block facilitates passive targeting of ovarian cancer cells, enhancing internalization. Nanoparticles prepared via the nanoprecipitation method exhibited ~220 nm, demonstrating effective size modulation along with high homogeneity and spherical morphology. In A2780 and OVCAR3 ovarian cancer cells, PMOD-Chr demonstrated significantly enhanced cytotoxicity, substantially lowering the effective IC₅₀ dose of Chr. Mechanistically, PMOD-Chr induced a potent G2/M cell cycle arrest, driven by the upregulation of the CDK1/Cyclin B1 complex. Furthermore, the formulation potently triggered programmed cell death by concurrently activating both the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, evidenced by the modulation of Bax, Bcl2, and caspase 9, and the extrinsic pathway involving caspase 8. These findings emphasize that precision engineering via RAFT polymerization enables the creation of sophisticated, multi-stage nanomedicines that effectively overcome key delivery barriers, offering a highly promising targeted strategy for ovarian cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogenic Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using <i>Scabiosa palaestina</i> Extract: Characterization, Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities.","authors":"Heba Hellany, Adnan Badran, Ghosoon Albahri, Nadine Kafrouny, Riham El Kurdi, Marc Maresca, Digambara Patra, Elias Baydoun","doi":"10.3390/nano15171368","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15171368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are promising materials for the development of novel anticancer agents, and their green synthesis has become essential because of their numerous advantages. This study aimed to synthesize AuNPs using an ethanolic extract of <i>Scabiosa palaestina</i>, characterize their physicochemical properties, and evaluate their anticancer properties and antioxidant potential. AuNPs were successfully synthesized and characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The results indicated that the biosynthesized AuNPs were spherical and well-dispersed, exhibiting an absorption peak at 560 nm and an average size of 9.9 nm. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated dose- and time-dependent inhibitory effects on MDA-MB-231, Capan-2, HCT116, and 22Rv1 cancer cell lines, with 22Rv1 and MDA-MB-231 cells showing the most potent responses. At the highest concentration tested (100 µg/mL), after 72 h, cell viability was reduced to 16.04  ±  1.8% for 22Rv1 and 17.48  ±  8.3% for MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, the AuNPs exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activity in both 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) scavenging assays. In summary, the synthesized AuNPs demonstrated multifunctional properties that make them suitable for a wide range of biomedical and biotechnological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Lung Inflammatory and Transcriptional Responses in Mice and Rats Following Pulmonary Exposure to a Fiber Paradigm-Compatible and Non-Compatible MWCNT.","authors":"Laura Aliisa Saarimäki, Pernille Høgh Danielsen, Kristina Bram Knudsen, Sarah Søs Poulsen, Sabina Halappanavar, Henrik Wolff, Pia Anneli Sofia Kinaret, Dario Greco, Ulla Vogel","doi":"10.3390/nano15171364","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15171364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inhalation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) poses potential health risks due to their structural similarity to asbestos and their ability to induce chronic lung inflammation, fibrosis, and lung cancer in animal models. This study investigated the pulmonary inflammatory and transcriptomic responses of two distinct MWCNTs-NM-401 (long, rigid) and NM-403 (short, thin)-in rats and mice using intratracheal instillation at matched dose levels at two post-exposure time points. Both MWCNTs induced acute neutrophilic inflammation and dose-dependent transcriptomic alterations in both species, with NM-403 eliciting a stronger response. Transcriptomic profiling revealed a substantial overlap in differentially expressed genes across materials and species, particularly at the early time point. Fibrosis-associated genes were upregulated in both species, with more persistent expression observed in rats. Acute phase response genes, including <i>Orosomucoid 1</i> and <i>Lipocalin 2</i> were commonly induced, while <i>Serum Amyloid A3</i> and <i>Orosomucoid 2</i> were selectively upregulated in mice. Functional enrichment analyses showed conserved activation of immune and inflammatory pathways. Our findings show that even short, non-fiber-like MWCNTs can provoke potent and persistent pulmonary effects, challenging assumptions based solely on MWCNT properties. Despite differences in long-term responses, the overall inflammatory and transcriptional profiles showed strong interspecies concordance, suggesting that both rats and mice are relevant models for assessing MWCNT-induced pulmonary toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic LPCVD and PECVD Growth of β-Ga₂O₃ Thin Films for High-Sensitivity and Low-Dose Direct X-Ray Detection.","authors":"Lan Yang, Dingyuan Niu, Yong Zhang, Xueping Zhao, Xinxin Li, Jun Zhu, Hai Zhang","doi":"10.3390/nano15171360","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15171360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultra-wide bandgap β-Ga₂O₃ is a promising low-cost alternative to conventional direct X-ray detector materials that are limited by fabrication complexity, instability, or slow temporal response. Here, we comparatively investigate β-Ga₂O₃ thin films grown on c-sapphire by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) and plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD), establishing a quantitative linkage between growth kinetics, microstructure, defect landscape, and X-ray detection figures of merit. The LPCVD-grown film (thickness ≈ 0.289 μm) exhibits layered coalesced grains, a narrower rocking curve (FWHM = 1.840°), and deep-level oxygen-vacancy-assisted high photoconductive gain, yielding a high sensitivity of 1.02 × 10⁵ μC Gy_air^-1 cm^-2 at 20 V and a thickness-normalized sensitivity of 3.539 × 10⁵ μCGy_air^-1 cm^-2 μm^-1. In contrast, the PECVD-grown film (≈1.57 μm) shows dense columnar growth, higher O/Ga stoichiometric proximity, and shallow-trap dominance, enabling a lower dark current, superior dose detection limit (30.13 vs. 57.07 nGy_air s^-1), faster recovery, and monotonic SNR improvement with bias. XPS and dual exponential transient analysis corroborate a deep-trap persistent photoconductivity mechanism in LPCVD versus moderated shallow trapping in PECVD. The resulting high-gain vs. low-noise complementary paradigm clarifies defect-gain trade spaces and provides a route to engineer β-Ga₂O₃ thin-film X-ray detectors that simultaneously target high sensitivity, low dose limit, and temporal stability through trap and electric field management.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistive Switching Behavior of Sol-Gel-Processed ZnMgO/ZnO Bilayer in Optoelectronic Devices.","authors":"Hee Sung Shin, Dong Hyun Kim, Donggu Lee, Jaehoon Kim","doi":"10.3390/nano15171353","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano15171353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sol-gel-processed zinc oxide (ZnO) and magnesium-doped zinc oxide (ZnMgO) are widely used in quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) due to their excellent charge transport properties, ease of fabrication, and tunable film characteristics. In particular, the ZnMgO/ZnO bilayer structure has attracted considerable attention for its dual functionality: defect passivation by ZnMgO and efficient charge transport by ZnO. However, while the effects of resistive switching (RS) in individual ZnO and ZnMgO layers on the aging behavior of QLEDs have been studied, the RS characteristics of sol-gel-processed ZnMgO/ZnO bilayers remain largely unexplored. In this study, we systematically analyzed RS properties of an indium tin oxide (ITO)/ZnMgO/ZnO/aluminum (Al) device, demonstrating superior performance compared to devices with single layers of either ZnMgO or ZnO. We also investigated the shelf-aging characteristics of RS devices with single and bilayer structures, finding that the bilayer structure exhibited the least variation over time, thereby confirming its enhanced uniformity and reliability. Furthermore, based on basic current-voltage measurements, we estimated accuracy variations in MNIST pattern recognition using a two-layer perceptron model. These results not only identify a promising RS device architecture based on the sol-gel process but also offer valuable insights into the aging behavior of QLEDs incorporating ZnMgO/ZnO bilayers, ITO, and Al electrodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"15 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}