Nanomaterials最新文献

{"title":"TiSi₂ Phase Formation in Magnetron-Sputtered Ti Films on Silicon During Rapid Thermal Annealing.","authors":"Symaiyl Keiinbay, Kair Kh Nussupov, Nurzhan B Beisenkhanov, Alex A Volinsky","doi":"10.3390/nano16191258","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16191258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Titanium thin films were deposited on crystalline silicon substrates by DC magnetron sputtering and annealed by rapid thermal processing under vacuum and nitrogen environments. X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and four-point probe measurements were used to evaluate phase formation and electrical properties. Annealing at 600 °C for 5 min in 10^-3 Pa high vacuum produces the C54-TiSi₂ phase, reducing sheet resistance from 56 Ω/sq to 1.94 Ω/sq. Lowering the synthesis temperature from 923 K to 873 K decreases radiative energy consumption by approximately 20%. In contrast, annealing in N₂ atmosphere yields Ti₅Si₄ and TiN instead of TiSi₂. A combined thermodynamic and diffusion model explains the observed phase selectivity under vacuum and nitrogen environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quasi-Bound State in the Continuum-Driven Co-Frequency Polarization-Multiplexed Tunable Terahertz All Dielectric Metasurface.","authors":"Xilai Zhao, Jiahe Wang, Yifang Yuan, Jiangang Liang","doi":"10.3390/nano16191257","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16191257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quasi-bound states in the continuum (q-BICs) provide an effective approach for achieving strongly confined resonances in metasurfaces. However, the simultaneous realization of high-Q, polarization-multiplexed, and tunable resonances at a single frequency using a single resonant meta-atom remains challenging. Here, we numerically design and investigate a tunable all-dielectric terahertz (THz) metasurface consisting of a single asymmetric germanium (Ge) resonator by employing COMSOL Multiphysics. By introducing only one asymmetry parameter, the symmetry-protected BIC is transformed into a radiative q-BIC under two orthogonal linear polarizations. Through the coupling between the q-BIC and the intrinsic resonant mode, distinct interference responses are generated. Specifically, at the same frequency of 1.227 THz, a Fano resonance (Q = 606) is obtained under TE polarization, whereas an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like resonance (Q = 1105) appears under TM polarization. Owing to the tunable property of Ge, the two resonances can be actively modulated, achieving modulation depths of 96.7% and 99.1%, respectively. Furthermore, under TM polarization, the group delay can be continuously tuned from 0 to 259 ps by controlling the Ge conductivity. The proposed metasurface provides a compact platform for polarization-multiplexed and dynamically tunable THz photonic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Nature to Medicine: Overcoming the Limitations of Herbal Therapeutics for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment Based on Nanotechnology.","authors":"Ghazala Muteeb, Youssef Basem, Amira A Kotb, Naiera T Magdy, Ghannimah Yousef Alghuwainem, Mohammad Aatif, Mohd Farhan, Doaa S R Khafaga","doi":"10.3390/nano16191256","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16191256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide due to late-stage diagnosis, aggressive progression, and limited therapeutic responsiveness. Although herbal-derived bioactive compounds have demonstrated promising anticancer potential, their clinical application is often restricted by poor aqueous solubility, low bioavailability, rapid metabolic degradation, and insufficient tumor targeting. Nanomedicine has emerged as a promising platform to overcome these limitations through enhanced drug delivery, improved pharmacokinetics, and controlled release capabilities. In recent years, the integration of green nanotechnology with herbal therapeutics has gained increasing attention as a sustainable and biocompatible strategy for PDAC management. Green synthesis approaches utilizing plant extracts, microbial systems, and biopolymers provide environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional physicochemical nanoparticle (NP) fabrication methods while simultaneously enhancing biological functionality. This review aims to explore green nanotechnology-based strategies for improving the therapeutic potential of herbal-derived bioactive compounds in PDAC, with particular emphasis on nanoformulation approaches that enhance solubility, bioavailability, tumor targeting, and anticancer efficacy. In addition, the review discusses the advantages of green synthesis approaches, NP characterization strategies, translational barriers, biosafety considerations, and current clinical challenges. Overall, this review highlights the growing potential of green nanomedicine to improve herbal-based therapeutic strategies against PDAC while emphasizing the key obstacles that must be addressed to facilitate successful clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile Synthesis of Zn/Fe@C Photocatalyst for Visible-Light-Driven H₂O₂ Production and Pollutant Degradation.","authors":"Osama K Basalam, Majed S Almalki, Muhammad Nadeem Arshad, Sher Bahadar Khan, Kalsoom Akhtar, Nujud Maslamani, Esraa M Bakhsh","doi":"10.3390/nano16191255","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16191255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A zinc oxide-iron oxide embedded graphitic carbon (Zn/Fe@C) photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by pyrolysis of chitosan hydrogel impregnated with zinc and iron salts. Structural characterization confirmed the formation of a predominantly crystalline, multi-phase oxide system, while morphological analysis revealed a rough and heterogeneous surface with aggregated features. Elemental analysis further verified the incorporation of Zn and Fe species within the graphitic carbon matrix. The photocatalytic performance of the prepared material was evaluated through hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production and dye degradation under simulated solar irradiation. Zn/Fe@C exhibited superior H₂O₂ production performance, achieving a maximum concentration of 2.9 mmol L^-1. The use of different alcohols as sacrificial agents revealed that 2-propanol significantly enhanced H₂O₂ generation, while increasing catalyst loading improved H₂O₂ production due to the availability of additional active sites. In dye degradation experiments, the photocatalyst demonstrated high efficiency toward the removal of representative organic dyes, including methylene blue, methyl orange, and acridine orange, with the latter showing the highest degradation efficiency of 96.6%. The effect of catalyst loading indicated that lower dosages resulted in optimal performance, which was attributed to improved light penetration and reduced aggregation effects. Control experiments confirmed that photocatalysis was the dominant mechanism over adsorption. Furthermore, increasing the metal precursor concentration enhanced photocatalytic activity, while the material maintained good reusability over multiple cycles. Furthermore, Zn/Fe@C was compared with Cu/Fe@C and Cu/Zne@C where Zn/Fe@C exhibited superior performance among the investigated photocatalysts in H₂O₂ production and dye degradation. Overall, the results highlight the potential of the developed Zn/Fe@C photocatalyst as a promising material for sustainable H₂O₂ production and efficient degradation of organic pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on the Recent Developments and Perspectives of Copper-Based Nanoparticles for the Electrochemical Reduction of NO_x and CO_x.","authors":"M R Rosales-Martínez, M A Hernández-Pérez, Patricia Maldonado-Altamirano, Claudia Camacho-Zuñiga, E Ramírez-Meneses, A Manzo-Robledo","doi":"10.3390/nano16191253","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16191253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthropogenic emissions of carbon oxides (CO_x) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) arising from industrial activities contribute to environmental and health problems, motivating the development of effective strategies for their mitigation and valorization. Among the available approaches, electrochemical reduction offers the additional possibility of converting CO_x and NO_x species into value-added products that may serve as chemical feedstocks or energy carriers, thereby contributing to carbon and nitrogen resource recovery. However, the practical development of these processes requires catalysts with high activity, selectivity, and stability, supported by synthesis strategies capable of controlling their active structures. Several metals, including Ir, Pt, Rh, Ru, Pd, Ni, Ag, Au, and Cu, have been investigated for the electrochemical reduction of CO_x and NO_x in aqueous media. Among them, Cu is particularly attractive because of its relatively high abundance, tunable oxidation states, and ability to catalyze both reaction families. This review examines Cu-based nanomaterials prepared through different synthesis strategies and analyzes how composition, oxidation state, morphology, exposed facets, defects, alloying, and interfacial structure influence CO_x and NO_x electroreduction. By comparing both reaction families, the review identifies shared structure-active-site-performance relationships together with reaction-specific requirements for intermediate stabilization and product formation. Particular attention is given to in situ and operando evidence showing that Cu-based catalysts may reconstruct under electrochemical conditions, so that the catalytically relevant material can differ from the as-synthesized structure. These insights support catalyst optimization with mechanistically informed design of dynamic Cu-based interfaces for selective CO_x and NO_x electroreduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Evolution of Silicon and Fluorine Species in Fluorosilane-Modified Carbon Aerogel Composites.","authors":"Yiren Long, Junzong Feng, Yonggang Jiang, Yijie Hu, Jian Feng","doi":"10.3390/nano16191250","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16191250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon aerogels are widely used for thermal protection in extreme high-temperature environments under inert atmospheres because of their excellent thermal insulation. However, their high specific surface area and open-pore structure promote moisture uptake, necessitating hydrophobic or low-surface-energy functionalization for practical use. Existing studies have primarily focused on room-temperature wettability after modification, while the high-temperature decomposition of functional layers, elemental evolution, and volatile release remain insufficiently understood. Herein, vapor-phase fluorosilane (FAS)-modified carbon aerogel composites were investigated by combining solid-state chemical characterization with evolved-gas analysis to clarify the thermal evolution of the functional layer under inert high-temperature conditions. FAS modification produced a superhydrophobic surface with an initial water contact angle of approximately 163°. During heating, the FAS-derived functional layer entered a rapid-decomposition stage at approximately 372 °C, followed by the principal fluorinated-volatilization stage near 443 °C. Perfluoroalkyl-chain cleavage progressively removed fluorine from the material through the release of C_xF_y-containing volatile species, accompanied by the disappearance of C-F, CF₂, and CF₃ structures. In contrast, part of the silicon-containing fraction was retained and evolved into a Si-C-related residual structure. Although high-temperature exposure eliminated FAS-derived hydrophobicity, the nanoparticle-assembled nanoporous carbon framework remained intact without obvious structural collapse. These findings establish a selective thermal-failure pathway in which fluorinated chains preferentially decompose and volatilize, whereas silicon-containing species are partially retained and reconstructed on the carbon framework, clarifying the failure mechanism of surface-modified carbon aerogel nanomaterials in extreme thermal environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural, Aromatic, Optical and Reactive Features of C₁₂-(CO)<i>_n</i> (<i>n</i> = 2, 4, 6): A DFT Study.","authors":"Xin Chen, Pei-Pei Li, Guang-Nian Xu","doi":"10.3390/nano16191254","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16191254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The geometric, electronic, spectroscopic, adsorption, and reactive properties of C₁₂-(CO)<i>_n</i> (<i>n</i> = 2, 4, 6) were systematically investigated using density functional theory at the ωB97XD/def2-TZVP level. All three molecules adopt planar structures with pronounced bond length alternation along the C₁₂ skeleton. Multi-index bonding analyses reveal significant π-electron localization at short C-C bonds rather than full-ring delocalization. As the number of OCCO fusion units increases, molecular symmetry evolves from <i>C</i>_2<i>v</i> to <i>D</i>_2<i>h</i> and further to <i>D</i>_3<i>h</i>. Aromaticity assessments using AV1245, HOMA, FLU-π, and ELF-π consistently indicate the absence of global aromaticity; OCCO fusion primarily disrupts π_in delocalization while leaving π_out conjugation comparatively less affected. Simulated UV-Vis spectra show that increasing OCCO units shifts the dominant absorption band toward the ultraviolet region, with low-energy excitations confirmed as locally excited states dominated by charge redistribution within the C₁₂ ring. vdW potential calculations disclose an anomalous adsorption strength sequence for light noble gases (He > Ne), and it is contrary to the counterpoise-corrected interaction energy results. Local electron attachment energy (LEAE) and orbital-weighted dual descriptor (OWDD) jointly demonstrate that the intrinsic electron-accepting reactivity follows C₁₂-(CO)₆ > C₁₂-(CO)₄ > C₁₂-(CO)₂, qualitatively consistent with LUMO energy lowering yet modulated by electron-attachment relaxation effects. This work provides theoretical insights into the structure-bonding-reactivity relationships of OCCO-fused carbon macrocyclic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Photoelectric Properties and Applications of Nanostructured Materials.","authors":"Yunqing Tang, Bing Yang, Yanfang Zhao, Ping Yang","doi":"10.3390/nano16191252","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16191252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanostructured materials offer many ways to tailor light absorption, charge transport, and light emission because these responses are sensitive to composition, dimensionality, and local structure [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solution-Shearing Self-Assembly of Hydrothermally Synthesized Tellurium Nanowires for Fabricating Field-Effect Transistors with Wafer-Scale Uniformity.","authors":"Hao Yang, Mose Park, Yanjin Tang, Hyun-Dong Lee, Ji-Won Kang, Zhiyi Lyu, Hoo-Jeong Lee","doi":"10.3390/nano16191251","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16191251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tellurium nanowires (TeNWs), a typical p-type semiconductor, have attracted significant attention in field-effect transistors (FETs) due to their narrow bandgap and high carrier mobility properties. However, fabricating large-area electronic devices with uniform performance remains a major challenge. In this study, we report a facile solution-shearing self-assembling strategy for fabricating TeNW-FETs with high-performance and uniformity. The solution-shearing process occurs at the interface during relative motion between the substrate and TeNW dispersion, enabling the TeNWs to reorient and adhere to the substrate, forming a uniform nanowire network. The transfer characteristics of TeNW-FETs reveal highly uniform electrical performance, and FET performance is strongly modulated by dispersion concentrations. Moreover, we investigated the impact of the solution-shearing direction on the device performance. The effective field-effect mobility of FETs with channels perpendicular to the substrate movement direction was approximately 12.1% lower than that of FETs with channels parallel to the movement direction. To further demonstrate scalability, we fabricated transistor arrays containing 324 individual FETs on a 4-inch Si/SiO₂ wafer, achieving 100% functional device yield and good performance uniformity. The devices exhibited an average I_ON/OFF ratio of 6.9 × 10², mobility (μ_eff) of 24.3 cm² V^-1 s^-1, subthreshold swing (SS) of 7.9 V dec^-1 and threshold voltage (V_TH) of 12.0 V.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ag-Embedded Laser-Induced Graphene as a Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media.","authors":"Valentina Semenova, Sergey Pavlov, Alina Inozemtseva, Sergey Kislenko","doi":"10.3390/nano16191246","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16191246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a critical process in fuel cells, yet its slow kinetics necessitates efficient and cost-effective catalysts. Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) offer a promising platform for ORR electrocatalysis, as the alkaline environment enables the use of non-precious metals and carbonaceous materials. Herein, we utilize a simple, solid-state, reagent-free, and one-step synthesis of silver nanoparticle-decorated laser-induced graphene (Ag@LIG) via direct CO₂ laser writing on a polyimide film coated with an edible silver leaf. The laser treatment simultaneously converts the polymer into a porous three-dimensional graphene network and incorporates metallic silver nanoparticles (∼5-50 nm) into the carbon matrix. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the metallic nature of the incorporated silver and reveals a higher nitrogen content in Ag@LIG than in pristine LIG, with pyrrolic nitrogen as the dominant configuration. Electrochemical characterization demonstrates that Ag@LIG exhibits enhanced ORR activity compared to pristine LIG, with a ∼30 mV positive shift in onset potential and a predominantly four-electron pathway over the entire potential range, with low peroxide formation. This work highlights the potential of the solid-state laser approach for producing Ag-carbon hybrid electrocatalysts with promising ORR performance for alkaline fuel cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}