Nanomaterials最新文献

{"title":"Flow-Rate-Controlled Agglomeration and Ambient Oxide Phase Characteristics of Spark-Ablated Copper Nanoparticles.","authors":"Joumana El-Rifai, Eliane Bsaibess, Diaa Mereib, Corinne Bouillet, Mustapha Zaghrioui","doi":"10.3390/nano16191270","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16191270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spark ablation is an attractive gas-phase route for producing ligand-free metal nanoparticles, yet control over agglomeration and phase evolution during deposition remains challenging. The influence of carrier gas flow rate and deposition time on the agglomerate morphology, size distribution, and oxidation behavior of copper nanoparticles deposited onto silicon and glass substrates is investigated. Copper nanoparticles were generated by spark discharge and transported by nitrogen (N₂) carrier gas under flow rates ranging from 0.5 to 3.5 L min^-1 prior to deposition onto silicon substrates for 2 h and 5 h. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a transition from compact, isotropic agglomerates at low flow rates to elongated, chain-like structures at higher flow rates, indicating a shift from coalescence- and restructuring-favored conditions toward increasingly kinetically constrained aggregation. Transmission electron microscopy reveals predominantly spherical nanoparticles with a lognormal size distribution centered at approximately 10 nm, consistent with gas-phase nucleation and coalescence. Structural and spectroscopic analyses suggest CuO as the dominant oxide phase with minor Cu₂O contributions, with Raman spectroscopy providing the primary evidence due to limitations in high-resolution TEM analysis from substrate effects and peak overlap. These findings show that carrier-gas flow rate systematically influences agglomerate structure under the investigated conditions, while oxidation may occur both during aerosol transport and following ambient exposure; the present measurements do not allow the relative contributions of these processes to be quantitatively separated.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiwavelength Optical Pulse-Induced Temporal State Mapping in an ITO/SnO₂/ITO Optoelectronic Synaptic Device.","authors":"Senyu Zhuang, Zhuang Hou, Shuqi Teng, Yingqi Zhao, Yongqi Song, Xuanyu Shan, Meng Qi, Mingan Luan, Ye Tao","doi":"10.3390/nano16191268","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16191268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A vertical ITO/SnO₂/ITO optoelectronic synaptic device was fabricated by magnetron sputtering for optical sensing and temporal-state encoding. The ITO/SnO₂ stack exhibited 88.3% average transmittance over 400-800 nm. The device responded to 380, 550 and 660 nm illumination and showed paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) together with pulse-width, interval and number-dependent modulation, evidencing finite-timescale history dependence and pulse-dependent accumulation. These dynamics are consistent with rapid photocarrier excitation followed by slower localized-state trapping, detrapping, redistribution and relaxation, detrapping, redistribution and relaxation. All 16 possible 4-bit optical sequences were experimentally applied and identical pulse numbers arranged at different temporal positions produced different final current states. The measured state library was used for visual feature construction: a simple multilayer perceptron achieved 96.06 ± 0.19% test accuracy for MNIST over five independent runs, while a hybrid representation achieved 98.26 ± 0.28% over five independent runs for four-frame trajectory recognition; ablation showed that device-state features preserved temporal-order information. These results support temporal-order-sensitive physical encoding in a simple transparent oxide device.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenging the Surface Area Paradigm: A Critical Review of Low-BET Metal-Organic Frameworks for the Adsorption of Organic Water Pollutants.","authors":"Malcom Frimpong Dapaah, Xingbao Zhu, Hui Jia, Huiying Zhang, Ruth Antwi-Baah, Candy Ann Dwamena Darkwa, Liang Cheng","doi":"10.3390/nano16191271","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16191271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) toward the adsorption of organic pollutants from aqueous systems has attracted heightened attention in recent times. While considerable research works have examined high-surface-area MOFs, growing evidence demonstrates that MOFs with low Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas (<i>S</i>_BET ≤ 100 m²/g) can also achieve remarkably high pollutant adsorption. This review critically examines, for the first time, recent developments that have enabled low-surface-area MOFs to adsorb organic pollutants from wastewater efficiently. The first part explores compositional modifications of low-surface-area MOF adsorbents, with particular attention to their metal centers. Furthermore, four categories of auxiliary components were delved into. Additionally, the factors influencing adsorbent synthesis were presented. Moreover, low- and high-<i>S</i>_BET MOFs were directly compared. Finally, current challenges and key research gaps were identified. Future research priorities such as rigorous mechanistic validation, performance evaluation in realistic water matrices, improved regeneration strategies, and advancing pilot-scale studies to facilitate practical application were also presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmon-Enhanced Copper Nanodendrites as Dual-Function SERS Substrates and Photoelectrochemical H₂O₂ Sensors.","authors":"Ying-Chu Chen, Cing-Jhen Shih, Yu-Kuei Hsu","doi":"10.3390/nano16191269","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16191269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A facile, one-step galvanic replacement route was used to grow hierarchical copper nanodendrites (Cu NDs) directly on aluminum (Al) foil, providing a dual-function plasmonic platform for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and enzyme-free photoelectrochemical (PEC) detection of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The Cu NDs were formed by immersing Al foil in an acidified CuSO₄ solution at room temperature, and their fern-leaf morphology, phase purity, and metallic Cu(0) oxidation state were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Using 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) as a probe molecule, the Cu NDs/Al foil substrate achieved SERS detection down to 10^-7 M with an approximate enhancement factor of ~10⁶, consistent with strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-driven electromagnetic enhancement. Under simulated solar illumination, LSPR-excited hot carriers additionally accelerated the electrocatalytic reduction of H₂O₂, raising the detection sensitivity from 110.6 to 145.3 μA cm^-2 mM^-1 relative to dark conditions. Wavelength- and intensity-dependent photocurrent measurements confirmed that this enhancement tracks the LSPR absorption band of the Cu NDs rather than photothermal heating. These results establish low-cost, earth-abundant Cu nanodendrites as an effective plasmonic platform for combined optical and electrochemical (bio)sensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile Enhancement of Corrosion, Wear and UV Aging Resistance of Epoxy Composite Coatings via Graphene Oxide Incorporation.","authors":"Fujun Zhang, Boyi Qiu, Xusheng Du","doi":"10.3390/nano16191275","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16191275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>UV aging, corrosion and wear resistance of epoxy (EP) coatings are all critical for their long-term service in outdoor environments. In this work, graphene oxide (GO) was used as a multifunctional additive in epoxy coatings to improve these properties. Owing to its two-dimensional sheet-like nanostructure and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, which enable a favorable interface with the epoxy matrix, incorporating GO into epoxy coatings endows the coating with multiple enhanced performances, including anti-corrosion performance, UV resistance, wear resistance, and adhesion to metal substrates. The resulting GO/EP composite coating exhibits higher adhesion strength (15.08 MPa) than that of neat epoxy coating (12.02 MPa), and delivers excellent corrosion resistance, with a corrosion current density of 4.69 × 10^-11 A·cm^-2 which is as low as 1/3 that of the neat epoxy coating after 25 days of immersion in NaCl solution. Notably, after multiple cycles of thermal cycling testing, the coating maintains an impedance ~40 times higher than that of neat epoxy coating. After UV aging testing, comparing to neat EP coating, the GO/EP coating experiences far less degradation in gloss, water resistance, corrosion resistance and bonding strength to steel substrates. In addition, tribological tests confirmed that GO/EP has improved wear resistance compared with neat epoxy coating and the wear rate of epoxy coating was reduced by ~30% with incorporation of only 0.1%wt GO. This study provides a promising strategy for developing durable protective coatings for practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition-Dependent Microwave Shielding Performance of Kaolinite/Chopped-Strand Composites for Wide Frequency Range.","authors":"Mehriban Emek","doi":"10.3390/nano16191267","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16191267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing demand for high-frequency electronic and communication systems has intensified the need for lightweight and efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. In this study, the conventional oxide mixing method was used to form kaolinite-chopped strand composites. Natural kaolinite powder was calcined at 450 °C for 4 h to remove volatile and organic components before composite fabrication. Kaolinite/chopped-strand epoxy composites were fabricated and evaluated for their microwave shielding effectiveness in the 0-4.4 GHz frequency range. Composites with different kaolinite-to-chopped-strand weight ratios were prepared using a controlled mixing and molding process to obtain thin specimens with a uniform thickness of 1.4 mm. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used primarily to characterize the kaolinite powder. Because composite-level mapping was not performed, the uniformity of filler dispersion is interpreted cautiously. Microwave shielding effectiveness was measured using a two-port vector network analyzer (VNA). The composite containing 80 wt.% kaolinite and 20 wt.% chopped strands showed the highest shielding performance, with a maximum total shielding effectiveness of 21.57 dB at 0.58 GHz. The observed shielding behavior is consistent with absorption-dominated attenuation supported by S-parameter-derived reflection, transmission, and absorption trends. This can arise from polarization losses and interfacial charge accumulation in heterogeneous dielectric composites. The results indicate that kaolinite/chopped-strand epoxy composites are low cost and sustainable materials for broadband microwave shielding applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Khalaj-Hedayati et al. Identification and In Silico Characterization of a Conserved Peptide on Influenza Hemagglutinin Protein: A New Potential Antigen for Universal Influenza Vaccine Development. <i>Nanomaterials</i> 2023, <i>13</i>, 2796.","authors":"Atin Khalaj-Hedayati, Caroline Lin Lin Chua, Peter Smooker, Seyedehmaryam Moosavi, Otilia Manta, Mohamed H Helal, Mohamed M Ibrahim, Zeinhom M El-Bahy, Ganden Supriyanto, Khai Wooi Lee","doi":"10.3390/nano16191272","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16191272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PEDOT:PSS-Based OECT Common-Source Amplifiers for Electrophysiological Signal Amplification.","authors":"Kun Xu, Weiming Luo, Naichen Zhang, Yixin Cao, Xiaolei Li, Yujing Zhang, Yunqing Tang","doi":"10.3390/nano16191274","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16191274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stable amplification of weak electrophysiological signals is important for low-voltage bioelectronic interfaces, but the gain and waveform fidelity of organic electrochemical transistor (OECT)-based amplifiers are strongly influenced by device characteristics and bias conditions. Herein, we develop a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) vertical organic electrochemical transistor (vOECT) common-source amplifier using an integrated solid-state electrolyte and investigate its bias-dependent amplification behavior. The fabricated vOECTs exhibits typical p-type depletion-mode operation, effective gate-controlled current modulation, and a maximum transconductance of 22 mS. Transient measurements show reversible current switching with response time constants of 0.909 and 0.635 ms, while repeated gate-voltage modulation over approximately 1000 s confirms stable cycling behavior. Based on the measured transfer and output characteristics, a common-source amplifier model is constructed to analyze the relationship between gate bias, bias resistance, output swing, and voltage gain. By optimizing the voltage-divider bias network, the amplifier achieves a voltage gain of approximately 3.374. The optimized circuit amplifies sinusoidal signals from 1 to 100 Hz and simulated ECG, EEG, and EOG waveforms while preserving their main temporal features and producing the expected phase-inverted output. Distortion and frequency-response analyses further show a 1% total harmonic distortion point at an input peak amplitude of 113 mV and a -3 dB cut-off frequency of 625 Hz. These results demonstrate the importance of bias optimization for achieving stable low-frequency voltage amplification in PEDOT:PSS vOECT common-source amplifiers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaching, Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Nano-ZnO Incorporated into Photocatalytic Concrete for Pavement Applications Toward <i>Daphnia magna</i>.","authors":"Fernanda Facin, João Victor Staub de Melo, William Gerson Matias","doi":"10.3390/nano16191265","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16191265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urban air pollution has driven the use of photocatalytic concrete for pavement applications, in which nano-ZnO has emerged as an alternative to nano-TiO₂. However, its higher solubility raises concerns regarding the release of Zn²⁺ into the aquatic environment. In this context, this study evaluated whether the incorporation of nano-ZnO, at a proportion of 9% relative to the mass of Portland cement, increases the toxicity of pavement concrete leachates toward <i>D. magna</i>, compared to conventional concrete. The nano-ZnO powder was physicochemically characterized (XRD, EDXRF, TEM, FTIR, TG/DTG, and colloidal behavior), and the leachates from the conventional and 9% nano-ZnO concretes, obtained by an accelerated TCLP-based leaching of crushed concrete, were characterized by ICP-MS and FTIR. Acute (48 h) and chronic (21 days) toxicity were evaluated for the nano-ZnO powder, for the reference leachate (conventional concrete; data from our previous study), and for the leachate from the nano-modified concrete. ICP-MS indicated that at most ~0.07-0.08% of the total incorporated zinc was leached, and no Zn-O band was detected by FTIR in the freeze-dried leachates, which is consistent with, although it does not prove, the retention of ZnO in the cementitious matrix. In the acute assay, the EC50, 48 h of the nano-modified leachate (10.5% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i> of the concentrated extract) did not differ significantly from that of the reference leachate (10.4% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>; EC50 ratio 1.01, 95% CI 0.87-1.17) and was not attributable to dissolved zinc alone. In a 21-day assay based on OECD TG 211, the nano-modified leachate caused no adverse effect on longevity, size, reproduction, or age at first brood up to the highest concentration tested, whereas the reference leachate caused a slight reduction in size. Overall, nano-ZnO incorporation did not produce additional toxicity toward <i>D. magna</i> under the tested conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Fundamentals of Halide Perovskite Instability: CsPbBr₃ as a Model System.","authors":"Neena Prasad, Achiad Goldreich, Alen Sam Thomas, Philip Nathaniel Immanuel, Lena Yadgarov","doi":"10.3390/nano16191264","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nano16191264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Halide perovskites (HPs) exhibit outstanding optoelectronic properties, making them highly attractive for advanced photonic and electronic applications. Among them, cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr₃) exhibits high photoluminescence efficiency, narrow emission linewidths, and excellent color purity, making it suitable for light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, scintillators, and lasers. However, its practical application remains limited by intrinsic instability and environmental stressors such as moisture, heat, oxygen, and illumination. This review discusses the fundamental degradation mechanisms in HPs, using CsPbBr₃ as a representative system, primarily in nanocrystals (NCs), while also considering thin-film and bulk forms. Intrinsic instability arises from the soft ionic lattice, a relatively low tolerance factor, and anharmonic lattice dynamics, which promote defect formation, ion migration, and structural distortion. Low activation energies for ionic transport enable migration of halide (Br^-) and A-site (Cs⁺) ions, leading to defect accumulation, non-radiative recombination, and phase instability. In NCs, surface-dominated effects further accelerate degradation, driven by high defect densities and ligand desorption. Extrinsic factors promote degradation through hydrolysis, photoinduced defect formation, radical-driven reactions, and transformation into secondary phases. These processes can be intensified when multiple environmental stressors act simultaneously, reducing operational stability. These processes form a coupled, condition-dependent degradation network. Their interactions and relative contributions depend on the material form and environmental or operational conditions. Overall, this review highlights the interconnected roles of lattice dynamics, defect formation, ionic transport, and environmental interactions in governing the instability of CsPbBr₃-based HPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18966,"journal":{"name":"Nanomaterials","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}