Marine Drugs最新文献

{"title":"A Review on Climate Change Redefining Tetrodotoxin Accumulation and Ecological Dynamics in Pufferfishes.","authors":"Govind Choudhary, Adeeba Hamdani, Hideaki Unno, Masanari Kimura, Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran","doi":"10.3390/md24090300","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md24090300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pufferfishes (Tetraodontidae) accumulate tetrodotoxin, a potent neurotoxin, primarily through microbial and trophic pathways rather than endogenous biosynthesis, linking their toxicity directly to marine microbial ecology and food-web structure. Anthropogenic climate change, ocean warming, deoxygenation, and acidification are reshaping the environmental conditions that govern TTX production, transfer, and accumulation. This review synthesizes evidence from 62 studies (28 with quantitative data) identified through a PRISMA-ScR-compliant search. We organize findings around three mechanistic pathways: (1) warming-associated proliferation of TTX-producing bacteria and consequent shifts in environmental TTX availability, (2) climate-driven range shifts and hybridization that generate novel and unpredictable toxicity phenotypes, and (3) physiological responses of pufferfishes to warming, hypoxia, and acidification that may alter toxin allocation. We identify priority research needs, long-term monitoring, multi-stressor experiments, and standardized LC-MS/MS-based surveillance and outline an integrated framework for anticipating climate-driven shifts in pufferfish toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolution-Phase Immunometabolic Reprogramming by <i>Gelidiopsis variabilis</i> Polysaccharides: Macrophage Polarization and <i>In Vivo</i> Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy.","authors":"Amal D Premarathna, Katarzyna M Dziubinska-Kuehn, Muthupandian Saravanan, Anti Sooäär, Indrek Reile, Tamer A E Ahmed, Maxwell T Hincke, Rando Tuvikene","doi":"10.3390/md24090299","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md24090299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sulfated polysaccharides from red seaweeds are emerging as versatile bioactive macromolecules. Here, we report that funoran-type galactans from <i>Gelidiopsis variabilis</i> (GV) function as immunometabolic reprogrammers, orchestrating inflammation resolution through targeted remodeling of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in macrophages, potentially via receptor-mediated pathways. Cold and hot water extraction yielded structurally distinct fractions (360-3006 kDa) characterized by NMR as sulfated galactans with κ-carrageenan motifs and variable sulfation (6.6-21.5%). In RAW264.7 macrophages, fractions GV-1A and GV-2A induced an anti-inflammatory metabolic state characterized by arginine accumulation (from 4.61% to 7.06% of the total amino acid pool), reduced ornithine levels, and complete the elimination of pro-inflammatory myristate (14:0), while upregulating phagocytosis (149% of control). In a carrageenan-induced paw edema model, GV-1A and GV-2A dose-dependently upregulated pro-resolution markers (<i>IL-10</i>, <i>IL-4</i>, <i>TGF-β1</i>, <i>Arg1</i>, HO-1), outperforming the standard drug meloxicam. While the <i>in vitro</i> arginine accumulation suggests functional arginase inhibition, the <i>in vivo Arg1</i> upregulation reflects a transcriptional response in a complex tissue environment. We propose that these findings collectively support a 'resolution-phase metabolic phenotype', a working model whereby GV polysaccharides reprogram macrophage metabolism toward inflammation resolution through context-dependent mechanisms. These findings establish <i>G. variabilis</i> polysaccharides as metabolically active immunomodulators that promote inflammation resolution, with the potential for applications in inflammatory diseases and as a pharmaceutical platform for drug development.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Novel AChE-Targeting Neuroprotective Peptides from Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas): An Integrated Pipeline of Peptidomics, Molecular Dynamics, and Cellular Validation","authors":"Shikun Suo, Kuo Dang, Yingying Zhang, Yao-Yao Zhang, Yu-Xin Luo, Jun-Wei Yan, Pan Dao-dong, Yanli Wang, Long Li, Chao-Ying Zhang, Xin-chang Gao, Yali Dang","doi":"10.3390/md24090298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/md24090298","url":null,"abstract":"Although the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is a premium marine protein source, its neuroprotective peptidome remains largely uncharacterized. This study established an integrated in silico and in vitro pipeline to discover acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-targeting peptides with cellular AChE-regulating and neuroprotective peptides from simulated gastrointestinal digests of oyster. Peptidomic profiling identified 18,292 sequences, which were filtered down to seven candidates predicted to have favorable blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability and to be non-toxic and non-allergenic (VPYPR, VPVHF, HHTF, PVHF, GPKPW, HWF, and KYW) via multi-step virtual screening. In cellular assays, simulated H2O2 injury (500 μM) reduced PC12 cell viability to 47.53 ± 4.53%. Compared with the model group, pretreatment with the three most potent candidates—HHTF, VPYPR, and VPVHF (200 μM)—significantly rescued injured cells, restoring cell viability to 88.31 ± 7.83%, 85.12 ± 3.35%, and 82.00 ± 3.47%, respectively (p < 0.05). These peptides effectively fortified cellular antioxidant defenses by increasing glutathione (GSH) levels to 24.24, 30.11, and 26.83 nmol/mg protein (from 20.22 nmol/mg protein in the model group) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity to 151.41, 153.97, and 151.96 U/mg protein (from 119.33 U/mg protein), while suppressing malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation to 0.088, 0.064, and 0.086 nmol/mg protein (from 0.193 nmol/mg protein). Crucially, the peptides alleviated cholinergic dysfunction by normalizing the H2O2-induced elevation of intracellular AChE activity (11.39 nmol/min/mg protein) down to 7.02, 6.22, and 7.14 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Specifically, VPYPR (200 μM) restored AChE activity to a level (6.22 nmol/min/mg protein) that was not significantly different from that in the normal control group (p > 0.05). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (100 ns) and molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) calculations identified VPYPR as the leading candidate with a remarkably low binding free energy of −49.74 ± 3.58 kcal/mol. This study demonstrates that oyster gastrointestinal digests are valuable reservoirs of multi-target neuroprotective ingredients and provides an efficient strategy for marine bioactive peptide discovery.","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"24 9","pages":"298-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148861326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Prenylated Isoindolinone Alkaloids and Polyketides from the Mangrove-Derived Fungus <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. SCSIO 41440.","authors":"Chun Yang, Yi Chen, Zhifei Xiong, Jian Cai, Chunmei Chen, Bingling Liu, Yonghong Liu, Xuefeng Zhou, Huaming Tao","doi":"10.3390/md24090297","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md24090297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>New prenylated isoindolinone alkaloids, aspernidines C-E (<b>1</b>-<b>3</b>), a new diketopiperazine alkaloid, protubonine C (<b>4</b>), and new polyketides, (±)-asperisocoumarin J and asperisocoumarin K (<b>5</b> and <b>6</b>), were isolated from the mangrove-derived fungus <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. SCSIO 41440, together with six known compounds (<b>7</b>-<b>12</b>). Comprehensive NMR and mass spectrometric analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) were employed for the structural elucidation and stereochemical assignment of these compounds. All compounds were evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity. Compound <b>10</b> exhibited potent AChE inhibition with an IC₅₀ value of 3.16 ± 1.16 μM. Molecular docking analysis further revealed that <b>10</b> binds strongly to the AChE active site (PDB: 4EY7). These findings suggest that compound <b>10</b> represents a candidate scaffold for further investigation as an AChE inhibitor.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species-Dependent Antifungal Profiles of Chitosan and Sulphated Polysaccharide-Rich Extract from <i>Jania pedunculata</i> var. <i>adhaerens</i>.","authors":"Miguel Valverde-Urrea, Jose Defez-Pérez, Maria Francisca Colom-Valiente, Marc Terradas-Fernández, Luis V López-Llorca, Federico Lopez-Moya","doi":"10.3390/md24090296","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md24090296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yeast infections are becoming an increasing public health concern, mainly due to the spread of opportunistic species and the emergence of strains resistant to commonly used antifungal drugs. Marine resources are a promising source of bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides and other biopolymers with potential antifungal applications. In this study, a sulphated polysaccharide-rich extract was obtained from the red alga <i>Jania pedunculata</i> var. <i>adhaerens</i> and chemically characterized. Its antifungal activity was compared with that of a commercial chitosan formulation against clinically relevant yeasts, including species of <i>Candida</i>, <i>Cryptococcus</i>, <i>Clavispora</i>, <i>Naganishia</i> and <i>Trichosporon</i>. Growth kinetics were monitored in liquid medium over 24 h, and antifungal activity was evaluated through growth rate analysis, growth inhibition at 20 h and susceptibility clustering. The sulphated polysaccharide-rich extract showed moderate but consistent growth inhibition, with the strongest effects observed at 5 mg mL^-1. Maximum growth inhibition reached 60.9% in <i>Cryptococcus deuterogattii</i> and 59.8% in <i>Candida albicans</i>, although no complete inhibition was observed within the tested concentration range. Chitosan showed a stronger antifungal effect, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 10 and 20 µg mL^-1 in several species and maximum inhibition values above 80% in the most susceptible yeasts. However, <i>C. albicans</i> showed marked resistance to chitosan, with inhibition below 12%. K-means clustering confirmed distinct susceptibility profiles between treatments, supporting a species-dependent response. Overall, these results highlight marine-derived biopolymers as promising antifungal candidates and show that chitosan and algal sulphated polysaccharides produce distinct, species-dependent antifungal profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Profiling and In Vitro Bioactivities of Extracts from the Red Alga <i>Jania rubens</i> Collected from the Lebanese Coast.","authors":"Rayan Kassir, Fatima El-Mched, Zeina Radwan, Zeina Dassouki, Hiba Mawlawi","doi":"10.3390/md24090295","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md24090295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Jania rubens</i> (<i>J. rubens</i>), a Mediterranean red seaweed, is rich in bioactive compounds with potential medicinal applications. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Lebanese <i>J. rubens</i> through in vitro evaluation of its anti-diabetic, anti-coagulant, anti-inflammatory and anti-hemolytic activities. Various extracts were prepared and characterized using GC-MS and HPLC. Biological activities were assessed through α-amylase inhibition assays, effects on prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time, anti-inflammatory activity and anti-hemolytic activity. Significant α-amylase inhibition was observed with dichloromethane/methanol and lipid extracts, comparable to acarbose. All types of extracts prolonged PT and PTT, with the lipid extract showing the strongest effect at higher concentrations. Additionally, dichloromethane/methanol extracts exhibited potent anti-hemolytic activity. Moreover, all extracts showed strong anti-inflammatory activity, achieving levels of inhibition of heat-induced BSA denaturation comparable to diclofenac. Characterization revealed 11 amino acids in the protein extracts, and significant fatty acids in the lipid profile. The crude extracts contained diverse compounds, including flavonoids, aldehydes, diterpenoids, terpenoids, fatty acids, and sterol esters, which may contribute to the observed biological activities. These results highlight <i>J. rubens</i> as a potential reservoir of bioactive compounds with promising in vitro activities related to diabetes, thrombotic disorders, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Further research is needed to isolate the active compounds, validate their efficacy in vivo, assess safety, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of a Thermosensitive Chitosan-Sea Cucumber Peptide Hydrogel and Its Alleviating Effect on Acute Alcohol-Induced Dual Liver and Brain Injury in Mice.","authors":"Jiaqi Guo, Songzhi Kong, Chen Chen, Guiping Lu, Zirui Li, Jinhui Chen, Meiyin Liang","doi":"10.3390/md24090294","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md24090294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excessive short-term ethanol intake often causes acute intoxication and multi-organ damage, especially to the liver and brain. Thus, developing safe and effective preparations for hangover relief, liver protection, and brain function regulation is of great practical significance. In this study, we fabricated a thermosensitive chitosan (CS)-sea cucumber peptide (SCP) hydrogel (CS-SCP gel) loaded with SCP using NaHCO₃ as a crosslinker and characterized its properties. Kunming mouse models of anti-intoxication and acute alcohol-induced liver and brain injuries were established. The anti-intoxication and organ-protective effects of the CS-SCP gel were comprehensively evaluated through behavioral observation, liver histopathology, and biochemical assays of serum and liver, kidney, and brain tissues. The CS-SCP gel exhibited a phase transition temperature of 35.7 °C, a water absorption rate of 1015.47%, and a cumulative peptide release of 74.83% within 330 min. In mice, it prolonged the latency to drunkenness; shortened alcohol-induced sleep and sobering time; reduced blood ethanol, transaminase, and lipid levels; upregulated hepatic antioxidant enzymes; downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, and alleviated lipid peroxidation. It also enhanced brain antioxidant capacity, suppressed cerebral inflammatory cytokines, and maintained cholinergic neurotransmitter homeostasis. Collectively, with sustained release, CS-SCP gel is expected to prolong the pharmacological action of SCP, enhance therapeutic efficacy, and protect against alcohol-induced liver and brain injury through the regulation of oxidative stress and attenuation of inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxic Potential of Marine-Derived Fungi Isolated from Sponges and Brown Algae of Mauritius.","authors":"Jessica Mélanie Wong Chin, Annaelle Hip Kam, Rajesh Jeewon, Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei, Teeshan Bahorun, Daneshwar Puchooa, Neil O Carragher, Vidushi S Neergheen","doi":"10.3390/md24080289","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md24080289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine fungi associated with sponges and brown algae are promising sources of pharmacologically active compounds. This study investigated the cytotoxic potential and metabolomic profiles of fungal strains isolated from the marine environment of Mauritius. Among the twenty extracts screened, the mycelium extracts were more cytotoxic than the broth extracts. Four extracts demonstrated the most potent activity: <i>Aspergillus chevalieri</i> (F2M), <i>Aspergillus ochraceus</i> (F25M) and <i>Biatriospora</i> sp. (F34M, F34B). The algal endophyte <i>Aspergillus chevalieri</i> (F2M) mycelium extract displayed an IC₅₀ of 14.27 ± 1.22 µg/mL after 24 h against HepG2 cells. The sponge-associated fungi <i>Aspergillus ochraceus</i> (F25M) showed promising cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cells (IC₅₀ of 8.775 ± 0.78 µg/mL) after 24 h of treatment, with a selectivity index of 2.27, and had the lowest IC₅₀ (2.49 ± 0.60 µg/mL after 24 h; 7.14 ± 3.14 µg/mL after 48 h) against FLO-1 cells, also reducing tumor spheroid growth and integrity during the first four hours. All four extracts increased the intracellular ROS production, but only the mycelium extract of <i>A. chevalieri</i> (F2M) significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. Metabolomic profiling identified diverse compound classes, including alkaloids, terpenoids, amino acids, anthraquinones and coumarins. The findings revealed that the marine fungi from Mauritius are promising sources of cytotoxic metabolites that require purification and subsequent confirmation and mechanistic studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"24 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13514993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148829607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Carrageenases: Molecular Engineering, Immobilization Techniques, and Biomedical Potential of Carrageenan Oligosaccharides.","authors":"Qiangzhuang Xie, Jiahong Lan, Yanhong Chen, Zhipeng Li, Lijun Li, Zedong Jiang, Hui Ni, Yanbing Zhu","doi":"10.3390/md24080287","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md24080287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carrageenan is a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from red algae, widely utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its unique gelling properties and biological activities. However, its high molecular weight and low solubility limit certain high-value applications. Carrageenases specifically degrade carrageenan to produce low-molecular-weight oligosaccharides with excellent bioactivities, thereby overcoming this bottleneck. This review systematically summarizes the microbial sources of carrageenases and the classification characteristics of their three types (κ, ι, and λ) within the GH16, GH82, and GH150 families. Furthermore, it highlights recent advances in molecular engineering strategies, including site-directed mutagenesis and non-catalytic domain fusion, as well as enzyme immobilization techniques utilizing carriers such as magnetic nanoparticles and metal-organic frameworks, which significantly enhance thermostability, catalytic efficiency, and reusability. Additionally, the potential applications of carrageenan oligosaccharides in biomedical fields, including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities, are thoroughly discussed. This review provides a theoretical reference for the rational design and industrial application of carrageenases, while also offering new insights for the high-value development of algal resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"24 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13514251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148829595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant Compounds in Microalgae and Cyanobacteria: A Sustainable Source of Bioactive Molecules.","authors":"Patricia Gómez-Villegas, Encarnación Díaz-Santos, Rocío Rengel, Ana Molina-Márquez, José María Rodríguez-González, Javier Vigara, Rosa León, Antonio Leon-Vaz","doi":"10.3390/md24080288","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md24080288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The search for antioxidant compounds from aquatic or marine environments to cope with the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the major challenges in contemporary blue biotechnology. Among marine microorganisms, microalgae have emerged as promising candidates for the discovery and production of natural bioactive molecules with antioxidant properties. This review highlights the potential of microalgae and cyanobacteria as a sustainable source of antioxidant compounds and examines their growing relevance in biotechnology and pharmaceutical applications. A broad range of antioxidant metabolites produced by microalgae, including carotenoids, fatty acids, vitamins, polyphenols, and flavonoids, has also been discussed, with particular emphasis on their antioxidant mechanisms and bioactive properties. This review also integrates antioxidant mechanisms with the physiological and metabolic responses, underlying antioxidant production and sustainable strategies used to enhance their accumulation. Furthermore, microalgae offer the advantage of sustainable production systems, with the potential to enhance the biosynthesis and accumulation of valuable compounds through optimized cultivation strategies. Thus, different sustainable approaches aimed at increasing antioxidant compound production or reducing operational costs in microalgae cultivation are discussed to identify efficient and economically viable processes that maximize the biotechnological potential of these microorganisms for future industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"24 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13515013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148829552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}