Sea Anemone Stichodactyla Haddoni Venom: Extraction Method Dictates Composition and Functional Potency.

IF 5.4 2区医学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Marine Drugs Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI:10.3390/md23090333

Meiling Huang, Ming Li, Rong Zhu, Kailin Mao, Kun Pan, Xuefeidan Liu, Bingmiao Gao

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Abstract

Sea anemone venoms contain diverse toxins that have significant pharmacological potential, including anticancer, ecticidal, and immunotherapeutic properties. However, critically, the extraction methodology influences venom composition and bioactivity. This study characterized venom from Stichodactyla haddoni obtained via homogenization, electrical stimulation, and milking. Extraction yields varied significantly between methods: the homogenization, electrical stimulation, and milking of healthy sea anemones yielded crude venoms at rates of 17.8%, 3.4%, and 1.5%, respectively. SDS-PAGE revealed distinct protein banding patterns and concentrations, while RP-HPLC demonstrated method-dependent compositional differences. Comprehensive proteomic profiling identified 2370 proteins, encompassing both unique and shared components across extraction techniques. Label-free quantitative analysis confirmed significant variations in protein abundance that was attributable to the extraction method. Cytotoxicity assays against cancer cell lines revealed concentration-dependent inhibition, with milking-derived venom exhibiting the highest potency. Insecticidal activity against Tenebrio molitor was also method-dependent, with milking venom inducing the highest mortality rate. These findings elucidate the profound impact of extraction methodology on the protein composition and functional activities of S. haddoni venom, providing crucial insights for its optimized exploitation in pharmacological development.

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海葵毒：提取方法决定成分及功能效价。

海葵毒液含有多种毒素，具有重要的药理潜力，包括抗癌、杀虫和免疫治疗特性。然而，关键的是，提取方法影响毒液成分和生物活性。本研究对通过均质、电刺激和挤奶获得的哈多尼桡足动物毒液进行了表征。均质法、电刺激法和挤奶法对健康海葵粗毒液的提取率分别为17.8%、3.4%和1.5%。SDS-PAGE显示出不同的蛋白带模式和浓度，而RP-HPLC显示出方法依赖的成分差异。综合蛋白质组学分析鉴定了2370个蛋白质，包括不同提取技术的独特和共享成分。无标签定量分析证实了蛋白质丰度的显著变化，这归因于提取方法。对癌细胞系的细胞毒性测定显示出浓度依赖性的抑制作用，其中产自牛奶的毒液表现出最高的效力。对黄粉虫的杀虫活性也有不同的方法依赖性，其中挤奶毒液对黄粉虫的死亡率最高。这些发现阐明了提取方法对蛇毒蛋白组成和功能活性的深远影响，为其在药理开发中的优化利用提供了重要的见解。

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来源期刊

Marine Drugs 医学-医药化学

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

14.80%

发文量

671

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397) publishes reviews, regular research papers and short notes on the research, development and production of drugs from the sea. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical research in as much detail as possible, particularly synthetic procedures and characterization information for bioactive compounds. There is no restriction on the length of the experimental section.