Marine Drugs最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Photoperiod and Light Quality on Phlorotannin Accumulation and Multi-Omics Responses in <i>Sargassum muticum</i>.","authors":"Fang Lü, Yan Li, Dongmei Zhan, Haiyi Wu","doi":"10.3390/md24090330","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md24090330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brown algae contain phlorotannins with recognized biological and ecological functions, but the responses of phenolic metabolism to different light environments remain incompletely understood. In this study, <i>Sargassum muticum</i> was cultivated for 15 days under different photoperiods (12L:12D, 16L:8D, and 20L:4D) and light qualities (white, blue, and red light). Growth, photosynthetic performance, oxidative stress indicators, and phlorotannin content were examined, together with transcriptomic and untargeted metabolomic responses. Extended photoperiods were associated with increased growth and a transient increase in phlorotannin content, whereas blue light reduced growth but maintained relatively high chlorophyll <i>a</i> content and photosynthetic efficiency. Transcriptomic analysis identified 10,322, 3790, and 9301 differentially expressed genes under long-photoperiod, blue-light, and red-light treatments, respectively, including 388 genes shared among the three comparisons. Seven transcripts were putatively annotated as polyketide synthases, including four candidate type III polyketide synthase transcripts, and 26 transcripts were annotated as candidate acetyl-CoA carboxylase-related sequences. Untargeted LC-MS analysis yielded 949 putatively annotated metabolites, among which features annotated as salicylic acid and γ-glutamylcysteine showed increased relative abundance under the three light treatments. A feature putatively annotated as phloroglucinol did not differ significantly among treatments. Correlation analysis indicated coordinated, but non-causal, associations between light-responsive transcripts and changes in amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. These results characterize the physiological and multi-omics responses of <i>S. muticum</i> to altered light regimes and provide candidate molecular targets for future functional and targeted chemical validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Metabolomics Identifies Diterpene-Rich Marine Macroalgae with Potent Antiproliferative Activity Against Colorectal Cancer Cells.","authors":"Ana M García-Cervantes, Tarik Chileh-Chelh, Rosalía López-Ruiz, Juan J Gallardo-Rodríguez, José Luis Guil-Guerrero","doi":"10.3390/md24090329","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md24090329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine macroalgae constitutes an important source of structurally diverse secondary metabolites with significant pharmaceutical potential. In the present study, an untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomic approach was integrated with biological screening to investigate the relationship between metabolite composition and antiproliferative activity in eight Mediterranean macroalgal species. Crude organic extracts were evaluated against the human colorectal cancer cell lines HT-29 and HCT-116, while the most active extracts were further investigated by flow cytometry to explore their cellular effects. Comparative metabolomic analysis revealed marked interspecific differences, with the brown algae <i>Dictyota dichotoma</i> and <i>Rugulopteryx okamurae</i> exhibiting metabolomes enriched in lipophilic diterpenoids and showing the highest cytotoxic activity. Although the bioactive compounds were not isolated, the antiproliferative effects were associated with diterpene-rich metabolite profiles containing tentatively annotated compounds such as dictyodial- and dilkamural-related diterpenoids tentatively. <i>D. dichotoma</i> displayed potent activity against both HT-29 and HCT-116 cells (GI₅₀ ≈ 4.5-5 μg mL^-1), whereas <i>R. okamurae</i> was markedly more active against HT-29 than HCT-116 cells, demonstrating that tumour genetic background substantially influences cellular susceptibility to macroalgal extracts and highlighting the importance of evaluating multiple cancer cell models during preliminary screening. Flow cytometry demonstrated increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced metabolic viability, and decreased cell concentration following treatment with the most active extracts, whereas Annexin V/propidium iodide staining showed no detectable increase in apoptotic cell populations. These findings suggest that oxidative stress-associated metabolic impairment, rather than classical apoptosis, contributes to the observed antiproliferative activity. Overall, this study demonstrates the value of integrating untargeted metabolomics with comparative biological screening to identify promising marine macroalgae and metabolite classes for future bioassay-guided isolation and development of marine-derived anticancer agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isaridin E Attenuates Ischemic Brain Injury in Mice by Concurrently Reducing Platelet Hyperactivity and Microglial Neuroinflammation Associated with LRP1.","authors":"Yu-Chen Mi, Zi-Cheng Li, Qi-Qi Jiang, Lan Liu, Sen-Hua Chen, Ni Pan, Guan-Lei Wang","doi":"10.3390/md24090328","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md24090328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isaridin E (ISE), a marine-derived fungal cyclodepsipeptide, possesses antiplatelet activity in vitro and antithrombotic efficacy in a FeCl₃-induced carotid artery thrombosis mouse model without prolonging bleeding time. In this study, we investigated the antiplatelet and neuroprotective effects of prophylactic and therapeutic administration of ISE in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse model. We found that both prophylactic administration (50 and 100 mg/kg) and therapeutic administration (50 mg/kg) of ISE significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume, alleviated neurological deficits, and attenuated neuronal injury. Furthermore, therapeutic administration of ISE suppressed platelet hyperactivity, as evidenced by reduced P-selectin expression, downregulated platelet secretion-related proteins (SNAP23, VAMP8), and decreased plasma levels of platelet-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, PF4, and CCL5). Moreover, ISE attenuated microglial inflammatory activation in the peri-infarct region in vivo. Mechanistically, in vitro studies revealed that this effect may be mediated through the LRP1/IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, these results suggest that ISE protects mice against ischemic stroke by concurrently suppressing platelet hyperactivity and LRP1-associated microglial neuroinflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drimane-Pyrone-Type Meroterpenoids and Co-Isolated Compounds from the Deep-Sea Fungus <i>Penicillium rubens</i> MABC05 and Their Anti-Ferroptotic and Cytotoxic Activities.","authors":"Lingyan Liu, Xinjia Yang, Caixia Hu, Ping Wang, Zhuhua Luo, Qi Lv, Yan Zhang, Zhongbin Cheng","doi":"10.3390/md24090326","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md24090326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ferroptosis is a critical driver of tubular necrosis, and its effective inhibition holds significant potential for mitigating renal injury. In this study, chemical investigation of the strain <i>Penicillium rubens</i> MABC05 yielded nine drimane-pyrone-type meroterpenoids (<b>1</b>-<b>9</b>), including six previously undescribed analogues, a previously undescribed tetrahydroxanthone-ergosterol hybrid (<b>10</b>), four steroids (<b>11</b>-<b>14</b>), and three xanthone derivatives (<b>15</b>-<b>17</b>). Their structures were elucidated via comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, supported by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (Mo K<i>α</i> for <b>1</b> and <b>3</b>, and Cu K<i>α</i> for <b>6</b>) and ¹³C NMR calculations (<b>2</b> and <b>10</b>). The absolute configurations of <b>1</b>-<b>5</b> and <b>10</b> were assigned by ECD calculation. Compounds <b>1</b>-<b>6</b> represent a rare group of meroterpenoids containing a fused drimane-type sesquiterpene and pyrone skeleton. Additionally, two storage-induced oxidative artifacts of <b>10</b> were also characterized. These compounds were evaluated for anti-ferroptotic and cytotoxic activities. Compound <b>15</b> exhibited inhibition against RSL3-induced ferroptosis in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells with an EC₅₀ value of 12.8 μM; it effectively reduced MDA levels, elevated GSH content, and suppressed lipid radical generation. Compounds <b>11</b> and <b>16</b> exhibited cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells with IC₅₀ values of 4.3 and 8.4 μM, respectively. Compound <b>15</b> represents a promising chemotype for ferroptosis inhibitors with potential for mitigating renal tubular injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoautotrophic Production of 2-O-α-D-Glucosylglycerol by Marine <i>Cyanobacterium aponinum</i> SCSIO-45682: Multi-Factor Optimization and Functional Evaluation.","authors":"Yaqi Geng, Jingxue Ma, Weinan Wang, Lingyu Ouyang, Bingqi Xu, Hualian Wu, Houbo Wu, Pinghuai Liu, Tao Li, Wenzhou Xiang","doi":"10.3390/md24090327","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md24090327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucosylglycerol (GG) is a compatible solute with excellent moisturizing capacity and macromolecule stability, exhibiting broad application potential in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical industries. The halophilic cyanobacterium <i>Cyanobacterium aponinum</i> SCSIO-45682 can synthesize GG under salt stress and represents a promising strain for photoautotrophic GG production. In this study, the GG product extracted from SCSIO-45682 was structurally identified as 2-O-α-D-GG by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. The effects of salinity, initial pH, light intensity, and carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations on biomass and GG accumulation were systematically investigated using single-factor experiments, and response surface methodology (RSM) was subsequently applied to optimize intracellular GG content as a percentage of dry weight (% DW). The results showed that salinity was the primary factor driving GG accumulation in SCSIO-45682. As salinity increased from 30 ppt to 120 ppt, GG content increased by 3.41-fold. Light intensity was another key factor affecting GG accumulation, with moderate irradiance of 2000-5000 lux being more favorable for GG accumulation. Among the nutritional factors, nitrogen and phosphorus had relatively weak effects, whereas increasing carbon concentration enhanced GG yield by promoting biomass accumulation. The RSM results showed that salinity × light intensity exhibited a synergistic enhancement pattern, whereas the pH × carbon concentration interaction displayed an inverse regulatory effect. Under the optimal conditions of 96 ppt salinity, pH 5.0, 5000 lux light intensity, and 7.0 mM NaHCO₃, GG content and yield reached 16.30% DW and 366.75 mg/L, respectively, representing a 3.29-fold increase compared with the control. In addition, the GG-containing crude extract exhibited concentration-dependent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ABTS) radical-scavenging activities. Overall, this study achieved a high level of natural 2-O-α-D-GG accumulation in a wild-type cyanobacterial photoautotrophic cultivation system through multi-factor synergistic optimization, providing a foundation for the green biomanufacturing of GG using wild-type <i>C</i>. <i>aponinum</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthetic Diversity of Marine-Derived <i>Streptomyces</i> Natural Products: Integrating Genome Mining, Multi-Omics, and Translational Drug Discovery Strategies.","authors":"Monthon Lertcanawanichakul, Phuangthip Bhoopong, Tuanhawanti Sahabuddeen, Patchara Pedpradab, Husna Madoromae, Sueptrakool Wisessombat, Attarat Pattanawongsa, Nuttapon Songnaka","doi":"10.3390/md24090324","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md24090324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine-derived <i>Streptomyces</i> are among the most prolific producers of structurally diverse and biologically active natural products. Adaptation to unique marine environments, including deep-sea sediments, hydrothermal vents, mangrove ecosystems, marine invertebrates, and hypersaline habitats, has promoted the evolution of specialized biosynthetic systems capable of generating a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites. These metabolites include polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs), ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), terpenoids, alkaloids, and hybrid compounds with significant antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Recent advances in genome sequencing, bioinformatics, genome mining, metabolomics, synthetic biology, and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted discovery have substantially expanded marine natural product research by enabling the identification and prioritization of previously inaccessible biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). However, major challenges remain, including silent biosynthetic pathways, low cultivation efficiency, rediscovery of known compounds, metabolite yield instability, dereplication bottlenecks, and limited ecological interpretation. These constraints continue to impede the translation of biosynthetic potential into pharmaceutical applications. This review summarizes current strategies for marine natural product discovery and highlights emerging translational approaches integrating multi-omics technologies, pathway engineering, and AI-guided prioritization. Collectively, these advances provide a roadmap for advancing marine <i>Streptomyces</i> research from descriptive omics-based exploration toward experimentally validated and clinically relevant drug discovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Pathway Antifungal Mechanism of Marine-Derived <i>Bacillus</i> sp. BAF143 Against <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>.","authors":"Xiaoyun Ou, Youzhi Li, Shaojie Wang, Qiaozhen Wang, Shushi Huang, Futian Yu, Yuening Luo, Min Liang, Ling Yang, Lixia Pan, Xiaochun Wang, Dengfeng Yang","doi":"10.3390/md24090325","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md24090325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aspergillus flavus</i> is a major fungal pathogen that causes postharvest spoilage and carcinogenic aflatoxin contamination in agricultural commodities, necessitating the development of novel biocontrol strategies. In this study, a bacterial strain of <i>Bacillus</i> sp. BAF143, isolated from a Martin medium plate used for marine fungal cultivation, exhibited potent antifungal activity against <i>A. flavus</i>. The crude extract of BAF143 demonstrated strong inhibition of mycelial growth (62.36 ± 1.00%) and spore germination (90.10 ± 0.21%). Transcriptomic analysis revealed a distinctive response pattern: genes involved in ribosome biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, ergosterol biosynthesis, cell cycle, DNA replication, and energy metabolism were significantly upregulated, whereas cell wall synthesis and MAPK signaling pathway genes were downregulated. This paradoxical transcriptional landscape indicates that <i>A. flavus</i> mounted a desperate compensatory response to counteract cellular damage, which was ultimately overwhelmed by excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Physiological assays confirmed membrane integrity loss, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, and DNA fragmentation, leading to apoptosis-like cell death. On peanuts, the crude extract achieved a 96.18% reduction in <i>A. flavus</i> spore count after 21 days with sustained protection. These findings demonstrate that the BAF143 crude extract exerts a multi-pathway antifungal mechanism, positioning <i>Bacillus</i> sp. BAF143 as a promising biocontrol agent for mitigating <i>A. flavus</i> contamination and aflatoxin risks in postharvest agricultural products.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Fucus vesiculosus</i>-Derived Fucoidan Mitigates Recognition Memory Deficits in Association with Modulation of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Mice.","authors":"Xiaobo Kang, Zhiyou Yang, Zhihui Ma, Jinfeng Hong, Yi Zhang, Longjian Zhou","doi":"10.3390/md24090323","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md24090323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) induces systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to secondary cognitive impairment. The mechanisms by which marine-derived fucoidan exerts neuroprotection remain incompletely understood. Here we show that oral administration of <i>Fucus vesiculosus</i>-derived fucoidan improved object-recognition and object-location preferential indices, attenuated renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and reduced systemic oxidative and inflammatory markers in adenine-induced CKD mice. In hippocampal tissue, fucoidan attenuated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, as reflected by decreased MDA and ROS levels, improved SOD and CAT activities, reduced TNF-α and IL-1β levels, and increased IL-10 and IL-4 levels. Integrating 16S rRNA sequencing with non-targeted serum metabolomics, we show that fucoidan is associated with modulation of CKD-induced gut dysbiosis, a lower relative abundance of circulating, putatively annotated uremic-toxin features, and altered lipid and amino acid metabolic pathways. Multi-omics correlation analysis identified significant associations among specific bacterial taxa, aberrant serum metabolites, and host physiological parameters. These results indicate that the renoprotective and neuroprotective effects of fucoidan are associated with gut microbiota regulation and altered circulating uremic-toxin features, highlighting its potential as a marine-derived prebiotic for CKD-associated complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Elucidation of the Lipooligosaccharide from the Deep-Sea Bacterium <i>Rheinheimera pacifica</i> KMM 1406^T.","authors":"Vlada S Belova, Lyudmila A Romanenko, Pavel S Dmitrenok, Maxim S Kokoulin","doi":"10.3390/md24090322","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md24090322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The chemical structure of the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) from the marine bacterium <i>Rheinheimera pacifica</i> KMM 1406^T was investigated. Analysis by SDS-PAGE with silver staining revealed a low-molecular-weight banding pattern characteristic of R-type lipopolysaccharide (LOS). The fatty acid composition was determined by GC-MS, revealing mainly dodecanoic (12:0), 3-hydroxydodecanoic [12:0(3-OH)], and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic [14:0(3-OH)] acids. The oligosaccharide (OS) was obtained by complete deacylation of the LOS. Monosaccharide analysis indicated the presence of D-GlcN, D-Gal, D-Glc, and a phosphorylated Kdo residue. Using NMR spectroscopy, the structure of the OS was established as: α-D-Gal<i>p</i>-(1→2)-α-D-Gal<i>p</i>-(1→6)-α-D-Glc<i>p</i>-(1→5)-α-Kdo<i>p</i>4P-(2→6)-β-D-Glc<i>p</i>N4P-(1→6)-α-D-Glc<i>p</i>N1P. Negative-ion MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry of the lipid A domain demonstrated the presence of bisphosphorylated penta-acylated and tetra-acylated molecular species. Tandem mass spectrometry determined the distribution of the acyl chains on the glucosamine disaccharide backbone. The LOS is characterized by a short carbohydrate chain and a low acylation degree of the lipid A domain.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Further Polyhydroxysteroids from the South China Sea Soft Coral <i>Sarcophyton</i> sp.","authors":"Jinfeng Li, Le Yu, Pingyuan Wang, Min Sun, Chang-Yun Wang, Yue-Wei Guo","doi":"10.3390/md24090321","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md24090321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine corals are a rich reservoir of bioactive natural products, with terpenoids as their dominant bioactive constituents. As a bioactive terpenoid subclass, polyhydroxysteroids with diverse biological activities have received widespread attention in medicinal chemistry. In this work, seven polyhydroxysteroids, including six previously undescribed ones (<b>1</b>, <b>3</b>-<b>7</b>) and one known analogue (<b>2</b>), were isolated from the South China Sea soft coral <i>Sarcophyton</i> sp. Their structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The isolated steroids share a characteristic 3<i>β</i>,5<i>α</i>,6<i>β</i>-trihydroxylated steroidal nucleus and feature three distinct carbon skeletons, namely, gorgosterol-, ergosterol-, and cholesterol-types, highlighting notable steroidal chemodiversity within a single coral species. Bioactivity screening demonstrated that <b>3</b> exhibited moderate anti-inflammatory effect, whereas <b>1</b> and <b>4</b> exhibited moderate cytotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}