Marine Drugs最新文献

{"title":"The Efficacy of Daily Salmon Oil for Adult Type 2 Asthma: An Exploratory Randomized Double-Blind Trial.","authors":"Katarina Mølsæter, Kjetil Roth, Tor Åge Myklebust, Erland Hermansen, Dave Singh, Crawford Currie, Dag Arne Lihaug Hoff","doi":"10.3390/md23080328","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md23080328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic respiratory condition with distinct inflammatory phenotypes, including type 2-driven eosinophilic asthma. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory trial investigated the effects of OmeGO^®, on respiratory outcomes in adults with type 2 asthma. Over a 20-week period, 66 participants received 6 g per day of either OmeGO^® (≥120 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), ≥180 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), or placebo. The key outcome was a composite score of moderate and severe exacerbation events. Asthma control was assessed using the Asthma Control Questionnaire-5-item (ACQ5) and the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) criteria. The median time to the first composite event was 37 days (95% CI 9-47) in the OmeGO group and 15 days (95% CI 12-33) in the placebo group (<i>p</i> = 0.347); 73% of the participants in the OmeGO experienced at least one exacerbation compared to 82% in the placebo group (<i>p</i> = 0.347). The weekly frequence of composite events was 0.36 per day in the OmeGO group and 0.32 in the placebo group (<i>p</i> = 0.777). Even though there are no differences in the exacerbation rates between groups, the time to first composite event should be further explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Marine-Inspired Oxadiazole Derivatives for Use Against Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Camilla Pecoraro, Daniela Carbone, Fares Hezam Mohammed Al Ostoot, Mahrou Vahabi, Giulia Lencioni, Patrizia Diana, Elisa Giovannetti, Barbara Parrino","doi":"10.3390/md23080327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/md23080327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest malignancies, with limited effective therapeutic options due to late diagnosis, aggressive progression, and rapid development of drug resistance. In pursuit of novel treatments, this study reports the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new series of topsentin derivatives, featuring a 1,2,4-oxadiazole core. The newly synthesized derivatives were screened for antiproliferative activity against multiple PDAC cell lines (SUIT-2, Patu-T, and PANC-1), identifying several compounds with potent growth-inhibitory effects, particularly on SUIT-2 and Patu-T cells. Further studies demonstrated that these compounds also significantly inhibited cell migration and reduced clonogenic potential, with IC₅₀ values in the micromolar range. The results suggest that these marine-inspired 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives effectively target key hallmarks of PDAC, including proliferation, migration, and colony formation, supporting their further development as promising candidates for overcoming drug resistance and metastatic progression in pancreatic cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mannan-Containing Polymers from Hadal Bacterium <i>Psychrobacter pulmonis</i>: Preparation, Structural Analysis, Immunological Activity and Antitumor Effects.","authors":"Mingxing Qi, Shuqiang Yan, Yukun Cui, Yanan Huang, Yang Liu, Wenhui Wu, Xi Yu, Peipei Wang","doi":"10.3390/md23080326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/md23080326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial exopolysaccharides from extreme environments are increasingly becoming valuable candidates for drug development. In this study, four fractions named XL-1, XMRS-1, XL-1-D, and XMRS-1-D were isolated and purified from the hadal bacterium <i>Psychrobacter pulmonis</i> by column chromatography. The structural features of these fractions were characterized by molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum, amino acid analysis and NMR. The results showed that XL-1 and XMRS-1 were mainly composed of mannose, glucose, and glucosamine, while XL-1-D and XMRS-1-D were mainly composed of mannose. In vitro bioactivity assays demonstrated that all four fractions significantly enhanced RAW264.7 macrophage proliferation and phagocytosis, stimulated nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and induced the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA. Moreover, plate cloning tests, cell scratch tests, and apoptosis assays, along with RT-qPCR analysis, demonstrated that the four fractions significantly inhibited A549 cells' proliferation. Specifically, XMRS-1 and XMRS-1-D upregulated Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9, while downregulating Bcl-2, suggesting transcriptional activation of apoptosis-related pathways. These results offered a reference for the further development and utilization of this hadal bacterium in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine-Derived Polymers-Polysaccharides as Promising Natural Therapeutics for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.","authors":"Edmond Leonard Jim, Edwin Leopold Jim, Reggie Surya, Happy Kurnia Permatasari, Fahrul Nurkolis","doi":"10.3390/md23080325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/md23080325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, driven by dyslipidemia, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Despite widespread use of lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory agents such as statins, residual cardiovascular risk and adverse effects underscore the need for novel, safe, and multi-targeted therapies. Marine-derived polysaccharides (MDPs)-including fucoidan, alginate, laminarin, carrageenan, and chitosan-exhibit a spectrum of bioactivities relevant to ASCVD pathogenesis, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, lipid-modulatory, antithrombotic, and endothelial-protective effects. In this critical review, we synthesize preclinical and emerging clinical evidence on the pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic potential of these compounds. We highlight translational challenges, including structural variability, poor oral bioavailability, and limited human data, and propose strategies to overcome these barriers, such as molecular standardization, novel delivery systems, and well-designed clinical trials. MDPs represent promising natural therapeutics for ASCVD prevention and treatment, warranting further investigation in rigorous human studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling of Seaweed Bioactive Substances and Their Nutritional Regulation Functions for Poultry.","authors":"Si-Bing Li, Qing-Hua Yao, Xue-Qing Ye, Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian, Wen-Chao Liu","doi":"10.3390/md23080324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/md23080324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seaweed is a rich and valuable marine biological resource that contains various bioactive substances, including polysaccharides, polyphenols, fatty acids, and more. These compounds exhibit a range of biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulation effects. In the face of challenges related to intensive farming, poultry are often exposed to multiple stressors during production, which can lead to oxidative stress, impaired intestinal barrier function, and excessive inflammatory responses. Due to their potent biological activities, seaweeds and their bioactive components have shown potential in improving poultry health and performance. This paper mainly reviews the classification of seaweeds and their extracts, their main biological functions, and the research progress on the application to poultry, with the aim of providing a reference for the research and application of seaweed active substances as functional feed additives in poultry.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Alginate-Graphene Composites: Biochemical Features and Biomedical Potential.","authors":"Marcin H Kudzin, Anna Kaczmarek, Zdzisława Mrozińska, Cesar Hernandez, Klaudia Piekarska, Katarzyna Woźniak, Michał Juszczak, Paulina Król","doi":"10.3390/md23080323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/md23080323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alginate-based materials are widely studied for biomedical use, but their limited mechanical properties and variable biocompatibility pose challenges. In this work, hybrid composites composed of alginate, calcium, and graphene oxide were fabricated using a freeze-drying method and cross-linked with calcium ions via calcium chloride at different concentrations. Structural and morphological features were assessed using SEM, EDS, ICP-MS, and BET analysis. The resulting composites exhibited a porous architecture, with calcium incorporation confirmed by elemental analysis. Surface characteristics and pore parameters were influenced by the presence of graphene oxide and the cross-linking process. The effects of the materials on haemostasis were evaluated through activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) assays, revealing modulation of the intrinsic coagulation pathway without significant changes in the extrinsic pathway. In this study, we analysed the effect of alginate-graphene oxide composites on the viability of peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells and human foreskin fibroblasts from the Hs68 cell line. We also assessed the genotoxic potential of alginate-graphene oxide composites on these cells. Our results showed no cyto- or genotoxic effects of the material on either cell type. These findings suggest the biocompatibility and safe character of alginate-graphene oxide composites for use with blood and skin cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant Power of Brown Algae: <i>Ascophyllum nodosum</i> and <i>Fucus vesiculosus</i> Extracts Mitigate Oxidative Stress In Vitro and In Vivo.","authors":"Lea Karlsberger, Georg Sandner, Lenka Molčanová, Tomáš Rýpar, Stéphanie Ladirat, Julian Weghuber","doi":"10.3390/md23080322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/md23080322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brown algae such as <i>Ascophyllum nodosum</i> (AN) and <i>Fucus vesiculosus</i> (FV) are gaining considerable attention as functional feed additives due to their health-beneficial properties. This study evaluated the antioxidant potential of AN and FV extracts in intestinal epithelial cells and the in vivo model <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans</i>). Aqueous AN and FV extracts were characterized for total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (TEAC, FRAP), and phlorotannin composition using LC-HRMS/MS. Antioxidant effects were assessed in vitro, measuring AAPH-induced ROS production in Caco-2 and IPEC-J2 cells via H₂DCF-DA, and in vivo, evaluating the effects of paraquat-induced oxidative stress and AN or FV treatment on worm motility, GST-4::GFP reporter expression, and gene expression in <i>C. elegans</i>. FV exhibited higher total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity (TEAC, FRAP), and a broader phlorotannin profile (degree of polymerization [DP] 2-9) than AN (DP 2-7), as determined by LC-HRMS/MS. Both extracts attenuated AAPH-induced oxidative stress in epithelial cells, with FV showing greater efficacy. In <i>C. elegans</i>, pre-treatment with AN and FV significantly mitigated a paraquat-induced motility decline by 22% and 11%, respectively, compared to PQ-stressed controls. Under unstressed conditions, both extracts enhanced nematode healthspan, with significant effects observed at 400 µg/g for AN and starting at 100 µg/g for FV. Gene expression analysis indicated that both extracts modulated antioxidant pathways in unstressed worms. Under oxidative stress, pre-treatment with AN and FV significantly reduced GST-4::GFP expression. In the nematode, AN was more protective under acute stress, whereas FV better supported physiological function in the absence of stressors. These findings demonstrate that AN and FV counteract oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells and in <i>C. elegans</i>, highlighting their potential as stress-reducing agents in animal feed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial Polysaccharides in Dental Implantology.","authors":"Lubica Hallmann, Mark Daniel Gerngroß","doi":"10.3390/md23080321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/md23080321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The aim of this review is to summarize and evaluate the properties of antibacterial polysaccharides for application in dental implantology to identify knowledge gaps and provide new research ideas. <b>Methods</b>: The electronic databases PubMed, Medline, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were used to search for peer-reviewed scientific publications published between 2018 and 2025 that provide insights to answer research questions on the role of antibacterial polysaccharides in combating pathogens in dental implantology without triggering immune reactions and inflammation. Further research questions relate to the efficacy against various dental pathogens and the understanding of the antibacterial mechanism, which may enable the development of functionalized polysaccharides with long-term antibacterial activity. <b>Results:</b> Biomedical implants have revolutionized medicine but also increased the risk of infections. Implant infections are a major problem in implantology and lead to implant failure and replacement. An antibacterial coating could be an excellent strategy to extend the lifespan of implants and improve the quality of the patient's life. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics poses significant challenges for researchers, forcing them to search for new ways to prevent bacterial infections in implantology. Antibacterial natural polymers have recently received considerable research attention due to their long-term antibacterial activity. Polysaccharides from marine sources, such as chitosan and alginate, or pectin, xanthan, etc., from various plants, appear to be promising biopolymers for such applications in implantology due to their antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, and osteogenic properties. The antibacterial activity of these natural biopolymers depends on their chemical and physical properties. Nanopolysaccharides exhibit higher antibacterial activity than conventional polysaccharides, but their toxicity to human cells must be considered. Their antibacterial activity is based on the disruption of bacterial DNA or RNA synthesis, increased cell wall permeability, membrane disruption, and cytoplasmic leakage. <b>Conclusions:</b> Polysaccharides are a class of natural polymers with a broad spectrum of biological activities. They exhibit antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anticoagulant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral activity. Furthermore, polysaccharides are non-cytotoxic and exhibit good biocompatibility with osteogenic cells. Bactericidal polysaccharides are attractive new antibacterial materials against implant infections and open up new perspectives in implantology.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12388009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seaweeds of the Israeli Mediterranean Sea: Nutritional and Biotechnological Potential Through Seasonal and Species Variation.","authors":"Doron Yehoshua Ashkenazi, Félix L Figueroa, Julia Vega, Shoshana Ben-Valid, Guy Paz, Eitan Salomon, Avigdor Abelson, Álvaro Israel","doi":"10.3390/md23080320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/md23080320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macroalgae (seaweeds) produce unique bioactive metabolites that have enabled their survival for millions of years, offering significant potential for human benefits. In the Israeli Mediterranean Sea, no comprehensive systematic surveys of seaweeds have been published since the 1990s, and their chemical composition remains largely unexplored. This study presents an extensive survey of intertidal seaweed communities along the shallow Israeli coastline, documenting their spatial, temporal, and biochemical diversity. Of the 320 specimens collected, 55 seaweed species were identified: 29 red (Rhodophyta), 14 brown (Phaeophyceae), and 12 green (Chlorophyta). A significant shift in species abundance was documented, with a single dominant annual bloom occurring during spring, unlike previously reported biannual blooms. Chemical analysis of the dominant species revealed significant seasonal variations in compound levels, with higher protein content in winter and increased antioxidant capacity during spring. Phenolic and natural sunscreen compounds (mycosporine-like amino acids, MAAs) showed no general seasonal trend. These findings highlight the optimal environmental conditions for seaweed growth and underscore their potential for aquaculture and biotechnology. We hypothesize that the ecologically unique conditions of the Israeli Mediterranean Sea may foster resilient seaweed species enriched with distinctive chemical properties, suitable for nutritional, health, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical applications, particularly as climate-adaptive bioresources.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nudibranchs as Sources of Marine Natural Products with Antitumor Activity: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Máximo Servillera, Mercedes Peña, Laura Cabeza, Héctor J Pula, Jose Prados, Consolación Melguizo","doi":"10.3390/md23080319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/md23080319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nudibranchs have garnered increasing interest in biomedical research due to their complex chemical defense mechanisms, many of which are derived from their diet, including sponges, cnidarians, tunicates, and algae. Their remarkable ability to sequester dietary toxins and synthesize secondary metabolites positions them as a promising source of biologically active compounds with potential therapeutic applications, particularly in oncology. This study aimed to review and summarize the available literature on the bioactive potential of nudibranch-derived compounds, focusing mainly on their antitumor properties. Although research in this area is still limited, recent studies have identified alkaloids and terpenoids isolated from species such as <i>Dolabella auricularia</i>, <i>Jorunna funebris</i>, <i>Dendrodoris fumata</i>, and members of the genus <i>Phyllidia</i>. These compounds exhibit notable cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines, including those from colon (HCT-116, HT-29, SW-480), lung (A549), and breast (MCF7) cancer. These findings suggest that compounds derived from nudibranchs could serve as scaffolds for the development of more effective and selective anticancer therapies. In conclusion, nudibranchs represent a valuable yet underexplored resource for antitumor drug discovery, with significant potential to contribute to the development of novel cancer treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12387309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}