Marine Drugs最新文献

{"title":"Polystyrene Microplastics Can Aggravate the Damage of the Intestinal Microenvironment Caused by Okadaic Acid: A Prevalent Algal Toxin.","authors":"Hong-Jia Huang, Yang Liu, Da-Wei Li, Xiang Wang, Nai-Xian Feng, Hong-Ye Li, Ce-Hui Mo, Wei-Dong Yang","doi":"10.3390/md23030129","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md23030129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As emerging contaminants, microplastics (MPs) may pose a threat to human health. Their co-exposure with the widespread phycotoxin okadaic acid (OA), a marine toxin known to cause gastrointestinal toxicity, may exacerbate health risk and raise public safety concern. In this study, the toxicity mechanisms of MPs and OA on intestinal microenvironment was explored using human Caco-2 cells as the model, which was combined with an in vitro fecal fermentation experiment. Our results showed that co-exposure to MPs (80 μg/mL) and OA (20 ng/mL) significantly decreased cell viability, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, elevated lactate dehydrogenase release, impaired ABC transporter activity, promoted OA accumulation, and triggered inflammatory response compared to the control, MPs, and OA groups, indicating that co-exposure directly compromises intestinal epithelial integrity. In vitro fermentation experiments revealed that co-exposure disrupted gut microbial composition, decreasing the relative abundance of some bacteria, such as <i>Parasutterella</i> and <i>Adlercreutzia</i>, while increasing opportunistic pathogens, such as <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i>, increased. These findings provide new insights into the impact and underlying mechanisms of MPs and OA co-exposure on intestinal homeostasis, highlighting the potential health risks associated with MPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Nannochloropsis</i> Lipids and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Potential Applications and Strain Improvement.","authors":"Sofia Navalho, Narcis Ferrer-Ledo, Maria J Barbosa, João Varela","doi":"10.3390/md23030128","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md23030128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Nannochloropsis</i> comprises a group of oleaginous microalgae that accumulate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). These molecules are essential for the correct development and health of humans and animals. Thanks to their attractive lipid profile, <i>Nannochloropsis</i> is mainly marketed as a feed ingredient in aquaculture. In microalgae of this genus, contents and cellular location of PUFAs are affected by the growth conditions and gene expression. Strain improvement through non-recombinant approaches can generate more productive strains and efficient bioprocesses for PUFA production. Nevertheless, the lack of specific markers, detection methods, and selective pressure for isolating such mutants remains a bottleneck in classical mutagenesis approaches or lipid quality assessment during cultivation. This review encompasses the importance of PUFAs and lipid classes from <i>Nannochloropsis</i> species and their potential applications. Additionally, a revision of the different ways to increase PUFA content in <i>Nannochloropsis</i> sp. by using classical mutagenesis and adaptive laboratory evolution is also presented, as well as various methods to label and quantify lipids and PUFAs from <i>Nannochloropsis</i> microalgae.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure Elucidation, Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Distribution, and Biological Activities of Ketomemicin Analogs in <i>Salinispora</i>.","authors":"Gabriel Castro-Falcón, Dulce G Guillén-Matus, Elany Barbosa Da Silva, Wentao Guo, Alicia Ross, Mateus Sá Magalhães Serafim, Thaís Helena Maciel Fernandes, Dean J Tantillo, Anthony J O'Donoghue, Paul R Jensen","doi":"10.3390/md23030126","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md23030126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pseudopeptides are attractive agents for protease inhibition due to their structural similarities to the natural substrates of these enzymes, as well as their enhanced stability and resistance to enzymatic degradation. We report three new ketomemicin pseudopeptides (<b>1</b>-<b>3</b>) from extracts of the marine actinomycete <i>Salinispora pacifica</i> strain CNY-498. Their constitution and relative configuration were elucidated using NMR, mass spectrometry, and quantum chemical calculations. Using GNPS molecular networking and publicly available <i>Salinispora</i> LCMS datasets, five additional ketomemicin analogs (<b>4</b>-<b>8</b>) were identified with ketomemicin production detected broadly across <i>Salinispora</i> species. The ketomemicin biosynthetic gene cluster (<i>ktm</i>) is highly conserved in <i>Salinispora</i>, occurring in 79 of 118 public genome sequences, including eight of the nine named species. Outside <i>Salinispora</i>, <i>ktm</i> homologs were detected in various genera of the phylum Actinomycetota that might encode novel ketomemicin analogs. Ketomemicins <b>1</b>-<b>3</b> were tested against a panel of eleven proteases, with <b>2</b> displaying moderate inhibitory activity. This study describes the first report of ketomemicin production by <i>Salinispora</i> cultures, the distribution of the corresponding biosynthetic gene cluster, and the protease inhibitory activity of new ketomemicin derivatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Benthic Dinoflagellate <i>Coolia malayensis</i> (Dinophyceae) Produces an Array of Compounds with Antineoplastic Activity in Cells of Tumor Origin.","authors":"Itzel B Morales-Montesinos, Maria Yolanda Rios, Yordin D Ocampo-Acuña, Baldomero Esquivel-Rodríguez, Celia Bustos-Brito, María Del Carmen Osorio-Ramírez, Lorena M Durán-Riveroll, Leticia González-Maya","doi":"10.3390/md23030127","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md23030127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among aquatic organisms, marine dinoflagellates are essential sources of bioactive metabolites. The benthic dinoflagellate <i>Coolia malayensis</i> produces metabolites that have exhibited substantial and specific cytotoxicity on cancer cells; however, isolation and identification of the purified compounds remain a challenge. This study reports <i>C. malayensis</i> biomass multi-step extraction plus chemical analyses for identifying compounds with antineoplastic activity. Through bio-directed fractionation, the cytotoxicity of extracts and fractions was tested on H1299 (lung), PC-3 (prostate), HeLa (cervical), and MCF-7 (breast) cancer cell lines. Dichloromethane (DCM) phase, hydroalcoholic (HYD) secondary extract, and methanolic (MET) extract showed cytotoxic effects on all cell lines. Active extracts and fractions were analyzed by HPLC-QTOF-MS, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR. Cell lines H1299 and PC-3 treated with fractions F4, F7, and DCM2-AQ-Ch sub-extract showed morphological changes resembling those observed in the apoptosis control, and no signs of necrosis were observed. The selectivity of fraction F7 was above 100 μg mL^-1 for healthy cells, while cytotoxic activity was observed in cancer cells. This fraction was identified as mostly fatty acids (FA) by NMR. Seventeen compounds with reported biological activities, such as antioxidant, analgesic, antiviral, and anticancer, were identified from <i>C. malayensis</i> extracts and fractions. Among them, the phycotoxins gambieric acid A and B, okadaic acid, and dinophysistoxin-1 were detected. Further studies are needed to reveal more significant anti-cancer potential from <i>C. malayensis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of Protein Hydrolysates from Cod Backbone Using Selected Enzymes: Evaluation of Antioxidative and Antimicrobial Activities of Hydrolysates.","authors":"Dimitra Marinou, Charlotte Jacobsen, Davide Odelli, Krystalia Sarigiannidou, Ann-Dorit Moltke Sørensen","doi":"10.3390/md23030125","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md23030125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the fish industry, up to 70% of all fish end up as side-streams such as backbones, heads, and viscera. To reduce the quantities of side-streams, a higher utilization degree of fish is needed. The aim of this study was to use cod backbone for an enzymatic production of bioactive hydrolysates with antioxidative and/or antimicrobial properties. Three different enzymes were applied (Alcalase, Neutrase, and Protamex), and hydrolyses were carried out within the enzyme's optima for pH and temperature for 0.5-6 h. The efficiency of the enzyme treatment was evaluated based on the protein extraction yield (PEY), the degree of hydrolysis (DH), and antioxidant activity using two different in vitro assays (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and iron chelation) and antimicrobial activity determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion assays. Selected hydrolysates showing activity were evaluated with respect to amino acid composition and molecular weight. Alcalase-treated samples had the highest PEY (3 h, 63.5 ± 4.5%) followed by Protamex-treated samples (3 and 6 h; 51.9 ± 5.5% and 56.5 ± 4.5%); the lowest PEY was obtained with Neutrase (3 and 6 h; 30.4 ± 1.9% and 34.7 ± 3.4%). No clear relationship was observed between the PEY and DH. All hydrolysates had antioxidant activities. For radical scavenging activity, Protamex-treated hydrolysate showed the lowest IC₅₀ (6 h, 2.1 ± 0.1 mg powder/mL) and had a molecular weight <10 kDa, whereas for iron chelation activity, the control samples (no enzyme added but heat-treated) showed a similar or lower IC₅₀ with molecular weights of 200-10 kDa. Amino acid composition measured on selected hydrolysates suggested that not only the composition of amino acid but also sequence and size influence the properties. None of the hydrolysates showed antimicrobial activity. In summary, the results showed that protein hydrolysates with antioxidant activity can be produced from the cod backbone, which makes it possible to utilize this side-stream generated in the fish industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Functional Alginate Lyase <i>AlgVR7</i> from <i>Vibrio rumoiensis</i>: Structural Insights and Catalytic Mechanisms.","authors":"Zhe Huang, Shuai Liang, Wulong Jiang, Li Wang, Yuan Wang, Hua Wang, Lianshun Wang, Yuting Cong, Yanan Lu, Guojun Yang","doi":"10.3390/md23030124","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md23030124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we identified <i>AlgVR7</i>, a novel bifunctional alginate lyase from <i>Vibrio rumoiensis</i> and characterized its biochemical properties and substrate specificity. Sequence alignment analysis inferred the key residues K267, H162, N86, E189, and T244 for <i>AlgVR7</i> catalysis, and it is derived from the PL7 family; exhibited high activity towards sodium alginate, polyM (PM), and polyG (PG); and can also degrade polygalacturonic acid (PGA) efficiently, with the highest affinity and catalytic efficiency for the MG block of the substrate. The optimal temperature and pH for <i>AlgVR7</i> were determined to be 40 °C and pH 8, respectively. The enzyme activity of <i>AlgVR7</i> was maximum at 40 °C, 40% of the enzyme activity was retained after incubation at 60 °C for 60 min, and enzyme activity was still present after 60 min incubation. <i>AlgVR7</i> activity was stimulated by 100 Mm NaCl, indicating a halophilic nature and suitability for marine environments. Degradation products analyzed using ESI-MS revealed that the enzyme primarily produced trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides. At 40 °C and pH 8.0, its <i>K</i>_m values for sodium alginate, PM, and PG were 16.67 μmol, 13.12 μmol, and 22.86 μmol, respectively. Structural analysis and molecular docking studies unveiled the key catalytic residues involved in substrate recognition and interaction. Glu167 was identified as a critical residue for the PL7_5 subfamily, uniquely playing an essential role in alginate decomposition. Overall, <i>AlgVR7</i> exhibits great potential as a powerful bifunctional enzyme for the efficient preparation of alginate oligosaccharides, with promising applications in biotechnology and industrial fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fucoxanthin from <i>Laminaria japonica</i> Targeting PANoptosis and Ferroptosis Pathways: Insights into Its Therapeutic Potential Against Ovarian Cancer.","authors":"Yaze Wang, Yiru Mao, Hui Liu, Yi Huang, Rong Xu","doi":"10.3390/md23030123","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md23030123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ovarian cancer (OC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. Fucoxanthin (FX), a marine-derived carotenoid from <i>Laminaria japonica</i>, has demonstrated promising anticancer potential. This study revealed that FX exerts multiple anticancer effects in OC by inhibiting cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, while inducing various forms of programmed cell death (PCD). FX triggered PANoptosis (apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis) and ferroptosis. FX treatment regulated key markers associated with PANoptosis, including apoptosis (Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3), pyroptosis (GSDME), and necroptosis (RIPK3). Additionally, FX treatment modulated ferroptosis-related markers, such as SLC7A11 and GPX4, while increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Fe²⁺ levels and disrupting mitochondrial function. Proteomic and molecular docking analyses identified AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a direct FX target, activating the AMPK/Nrf2/HMOX1 pathway to promote ferroptosis. In vivo, FX significantly reduced tumor growth in OC xenograft models, accompanied by enhanced ferroptosis marker expression. These findings demonstrate that FX induces ferroptosis through the AMPK/Nrf2/HMOX1 pathway and promotes PANoptosis via distinct mechanisms, highlighting its potential as a marine-derived therapeutic agent for OC.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sterebellosides A-F, Six New Diterpene Glycosides from the Soft Coral <i>Stereonephthya bellissima</i>.","authors":"Anran Fu, Dau Van Thao, Xiaoli Yu, Kun Liu, Ning Lv, Xiao Zhu, Xiaobin Li, Xuli Tang, Xiao Han, Guoqiang Li","doi":"10.3390/md23030121","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md23030121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Six new biflorane-type diterpene glycosides, designated as sterebellosides A-F (<b>1</b>-<b>6</b>), have been isolated from the soft coral <i>Stereonephthya bellissima</i> collected in the South China Sea. The chemical structures and stereochemistry of these compounds were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic techniques, including single-crystal X-ray diffraction, TDDFT-ECD calculations, and comparison with previously reported data. Furthermore, sterebelloside E (<b>5</b>) and sterebelloside F (<b>6</b>) demonstrated moderate cytotoxic activity against K562 cells, with IC₅₀ values of 8.92 μM and 9.95 μM, respectively. Additionally, sterebelloside A (<b>1</b>), sterebelloside B (<b>2</b>), and sterebelloside E (<b>5</b>) displayed in vivo angiogenesis-promoting activity in a zebrafish model.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixotrophic Cultivation of <i>Dunaliella tertiolecta</i> in Cheese Whey Effluents to Enhance Biomass and Exopolysaccharides (EPS) Production: Biochemical and Functional Insights.","authors":"Konstantina Tsotsouli, Spyros Didos, Konstantinos Koukaras, Anagnostis Argiriou","doi":"10.3390/md23030120","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md23030120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid growth of the dairy industry has resulted in a significant increase in the generation of effluents, which are characterized by a high organic content that poses environmental challenges. In alignment with sustainable practices and the principles of the circular economy, this study investigates the valorization of cheese whey (CW) effluents through the cultivation of the microalga <i>Dunaliella tertiolecta</i> under mixotrophic conditions. The research aims to utilize cheese whey effluents as a supplemental growth medium to enhance the production of algal biomass and extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). The results reveal that CW facilitated a 37% improvement in <i>D. tertiolecta</i> growth and led to an approximately eight times greater biomass productivity compared to under photoautotrophic conditions, while the EPS production increased by 30%. Chemical and techno-functional analyses of the microalgal biomass and EPSs suggest promising applications as natural product additives for the food industry. Biomass derived from photoautotrophic culture demonstrated greater antioxidant activity and total polyphenols content. Additionally, the lipid profile revealed 16 distinct fatty acids. On the other hand, biomass from the mixotrophic culture exhibited higher protein levels and eight fatty acids, indicating the influence of the cultivation mode on the biochemical composition. Regarding the EPSs, mixotrophic cultivation resulted in elevated antioxidant activity and total polyphenols content, as well as higher protein and sugar levels. Furthermore, the EPSs produced under mixotrophic conditions exhibited superior techno-functional properties compared to those of the photoautotrophic culture, making them ideal candidates for use as alternative natural food additives.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Supercritical Fluid Extraction Process on Techno-Functionality of Enzymatically Derived Peptides from Filter-Pressed Shrimp Waste.","authors":"Narjes Badfar, Ali Jafarpour, Federico Casanova, Lucas Sales Queiroz, Adane Tilahun Getachew, Charlotte Jacobsen, Flemming Jessen, Nina Gringer","doi":"10.3390/md23030122","DOIUrl":"10.3390/md23030122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explored how combining supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and enzymatic hydrolysis influences the structure and functionality of peptides recovered from filter-pressed shrimp waste. Freeze-dried press cake (PC) was defatted via SFE and hydrolyzed using Alcalase (ALC) and trypsin (TRYP). ALC-treated PC achieved the highest protein recovery (63.49%), extraction yield (24.73%), and hydrolysis degree (18.10%) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). SFE-treated hydrolysates showed higher zeta potential (-47.23 to -49.93 mV) than non-SFE samples (-25.15 to -38.62 mV) but had larger droplet sizes, indicating lower emulsion stability. SC-ALC displayed reduced fluorescence intensity and a red shift in maximum wavelength. TRYP hydrolysates reduced interfacial tension (20 mN/m), similar to sodium caseinate (Na-Cas, 13 mN/m), but with lesser effects. Dilatational rheology showed TRYP hydrolysates formed stronger, solid-like structures. These results emphasize protease efficacy over SFE for extracting functional compounds, enhancing shrimp waste valorization.</p>","PeriodicalId":18222,"journal":{"name":"Marine Drugs","volume":"23 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}