Journal of Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"Behavioral characterization of olfactory, auditory, and motor deficits in 5×FAD mice.","authors":"Hyewon Jang, Sueun Lee, Yeongjun Kim, Jeongmin Lee, Jong-Choon Kim, Joong-Sun Kim, Jong-Hwan Park, Jinwook Kim, Yeonghoon Son, Changjong Moon","doi":"10.4142/jvs.26012","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.26012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>The 5×FAD transgenic mouse model is widely used in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research, yet its non-cognitive phenotypes -- particularly motor coordination, olfactory sensitivity, and auditory reactivity -- remain poorly characterized across the full disease trajectory. Defining these sensory and sensorimotor deficits may enhance the translational relevance of this model and provide insight into non-cognitive features in preclinical AD studies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize age-related motor, olfactory, and auditory changes in 5×FAD mice and assess associated AD pathologies and neuroinflammation in relevant brain regions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>5×FAD and control mice were tested at 3, 6, and 12 months. Locomotor activity and motor coordination were assessed using the open field and rotarod tests, respectively. Olfactory and auditory performance were evaluated using the buried food test and the acoustic startle response test, respectively. Amyloid-β pathology and glial activation were examined in relevant nervous system components using western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>5×FAD mice showed no differences in open-field locomotion at any age, but exhibited a significantly greater passive clinging duration at 12 months compared to wild-type controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In the buried food test, olfactory latency was significantly prolonged in 5×FAD mice at 6 months (<i>p</i> = 0.035) and 12 months (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Acoustic startle amplitude was significantly reduced at 6 months (<i>p</i> = 0.030) and 12 months (<i>p</i> = 0.007). Amyloid-β and p-Tau accumulation and glial activation were elevated in the olfactory bulb and auditory cortex in an age-dependent manner.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>This study provides an age-related behavioral and pathological characterization of olfactory and auditory impairments in the 5×FAD mouse model, with motor measures included as complementary assessments. Our findings broaden the spectrum of functional deficits associated with the AD pathology in this model.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 3","pages":"e35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13236463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for early and mid-to-late pregnancy loss and their effects on reproductive performance in dairy cows.","authors":"Hyun-Gu Kang, Jae-Kwan Jeong, Ill-Hwa Kim","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25265","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>The risk factors and reproductive consequences of pregnancy loss may differ by gestational stage, but stage-specific patterns before and after placentation is firmly established have not been adequately characterized.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify the risk factors for pregnancy loss at different gestational stages, before and after 60 days of gestation when the placentation is firmly established and quantify the subsequent reproductive performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed the records from 6,444 pregnancies confirmed by transrectal ultrasonography 31 days after artificial insemination. Pregnancy loss between 31-61 days was categorized as late embryonic or early fetal loss (LEL-EFL), and losses between 62-260 days were categorized as mid-to-late fetal loss (M-LFL). Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the risk factors. Survival analysis was performed to assess the probability of becoming pregnant again by 400 days postpartum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cumulative incidence of pregnancy loss was 5.8% for LEL-EFL and 7.7% for M-LFL; LEL-EFL accounted for 43.2% of all losses. A higher body condition score at calving tended to reduce the risk of early loss (<i>p</i> < 0.1), whereas the synchronization protocols (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), first postpartum service (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), and summer insemination (<i>p</i> < 0.1) increased it. Peripartum disorders increased the risk at both stages (odds ratio: 1.30-1.72, <i>p</i> < 0.05-0.0001), and twin pregnancies increased M-LFL (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Cows with pregnancy loss had a lower probability of becoming pregnant again by 400 days postpartum and longer calving-to-pregnancy intervals than unaffected cows (227.1-376.3 days vs. 107.3 days).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>The patterns of pregnancy loss were stage-specific, and early and later losses had distinct and progressively more adverse effects on reproductive performance. Optimizing the body condition at calving, refining breeding management, and improving peripartum health may reduce pregnancy loss and improve reproductive outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 3","pages":"e33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13236467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basic fibroblast growth factor preserves rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in serum-free culture.","authors":"Suryo Kuncorojakti, Ahmad Aswin, Diyantoro Diyantoro, Helen Susilowati, Ira Sari Yudaniayanti, Lina Susanti, Watchareewan Rodprasert","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25154","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is widely used for mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) expansion but carries risks of contamination, batch variability, and xenogeneic exposure that can compromise reproducibility and downstream therapeutic use.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and evaluate a rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (Rab-ADMSC) serum-free medium (SFM) supplemented with growth factors that maintains key MSC characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rab-ADMSCs were isolated from 3 male New Zealand White rabbits. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor-β1, and insulin-like growth factor-1 were screened for support of cell viability in SFM. Cells were then cultured in α-Minimum Essential Medium with 10% FBS or in SFM supplemented with bFGF and assessed for morphology, proliferation, expression of stemness- and senescence-associated transcripts, surface marker expression, and tri-lineage differentiation potential.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SFM supplemented with bFGF preserved fibroblast-like morphology and supported Rab-ADMSC expansion. Transcript levels of stemness-associated markers and senescence-associated markers were comparable between culture conditions. Rab-ADMSCs retained osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potential. Flow cytometry showed higher expression of CD81, CD49f, and CD29 in the SFM plus bFGF condition, whereas CD34 and CD45 remained low in both conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>A tailored SFM supplemented with bFGF supports Rab-ADMSC growth while maintaining core MSC phenotypic and functional characteristics, supporting its potential use for more standardized MSC manufacturing in veterinary regenerative applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 3","pages":"e36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13236468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trivalent fowl adenovirus vaccine (serotype-4/8b/11) provides efficient protection with long duration of immunity.","authors":"Dam-Hee Park, Kyeong-Cheol Min, Na-Ri Kim, Sung-Sik Yoo, Injoong Yoon, Jongseo Mo","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25097","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) is a significant viral pathogen with major economic impact on the global poultry industry. Recent epidemiological studies indicate that predominant strains in Asia, including Korea, are FAdV-4 (species C), 8b (species E), and 11 (species D).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated a novel trivalent inactivated FAdV vaccine containing antigens from FAdV-4, 8b, and 11.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An SD1356-like FAdV-8b strain, representing newly emerging variants in Asia and the Middle East, was included as an immunogen. Prior to vaccination-challenge trials, pathogenicity of FAdV-4, 8b, and 11 was assessed in chickens via oral, intramuscular, and intravenous routes. These models were used to determine the minimum protective dose. Cross-neutralization assays were performed using sera from monovalent vaccinations for each serotype. Duration of immunity was evaluated in specific pathogen-free chickens following a single vaccine dose.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intravenous challenge produced the highest mortality across all serotypes, including the relatively low-pathogenic FAdV-11. A vaccine dose of 10^7.0 TCID₅₀/bird induced strong neutralizing antibody responses and provided complete protection against virulent strains. Sera showed no cross-neutralization between heterologous serotypes, emphasizing the necessity of multivalent formulations. Protective antibody titers were maintained up to 78 weeks of age.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>The trivalent vaccine provides effective protection against predominant FAdV-4, 8b, and 11 strains. These findings support the use of multivalent vaccines to achieve broad and sustained immunity against emerging FAdV infections in poultry.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 3","pages":"e28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13236471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation, artificial intelligence, and competency-based frameworks in veterinary medical education: a narrative review.","authors":"Hui Zhang, Aoyun Li, Ying Li, Fazul Nabi, Hailong Dong, Yongjiang Ma","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25194","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Veterinary medical education is rapidly evolving through the adoption of simulation, virtual reality (VR), artificial intelligence (AI), and competency-based frameworks. These innovations aim to address long-standing challenges such as limited patient availability, variable case exposure, and inconsistent assessment practices across institutions.</p><p><strong>Observations: </strong>Existing studies show that high-fidelity simulators and VR improve procedural confidence, skill acquisition, and learner satisfaction while reducing the dependence on live animals. AI-assisted learning systems support decision-making and personalized instruction but raise concerns about accuracy, bias, and data governance. Competency-based education frameworks, including entrustable professional activities and programmatic assessment, can improve workplace readiness, but their application varies widely between veterinary schools. Persistent barriers include unequal access to digital resources, high implementation costs, and limited faculty training.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Evidence from the literature suggests that, when integrated appropriately, simulation technologies, digital learning environments, and AI-assisted tools collectively enhance the key elements of veterinary training. These approaches can support safer clinical practice, help standardize skill development, and broaden access to quality training, particularly in resource-limited settings. Instead of hypothesizing new mechanisms, this review uses current evidence to highlight practical implications for curriculum design and clinical preparedness. Continued investment in faculty development, ethical use of AI, and infrastructure is essential for achieving sustainable, technology-enhanced veterinary education.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 3","pages":"e37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13236464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae</i> in Korea (2015-2025): serovar distribution, toxin gene profiles, antimicrobial resistance, and identification of an apxIICA-deficient serovar 15 profile.","authors":"Da-Yun Bae, Eun Ju Kang, Yun-Chae Cho, Yujoon Lim, Sung-Hyun Moon, Won-Il Kim, Yeonsu Oh, Ho-Seong Cho","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25339","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Despite <i>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae</i> (APP) being a major cause of porcine pleuropneumonia in Korea, decade-long integrated data on serovar distribution, toxin gene profiles, and antimicrobial resistance remain limited, thereby constraining evidence-based prevention and control strategies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide a decade-long molecular and phenotypic characterization of APP isolates from Korean pig farms, focusing on the serovar distribution, <i>apx</i>-based toxin-gene profiles, and antimicrobial susceptibility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 2015 and 2025, 1,215 pneumonic lung samples from 965 pig farms yielded 132 APP isolates. The species identity was confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The serovars were determined using capsule polysaccharide (CPS) gene-based multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Toxin genes (<i>apxIA-apxIVA</i>) were profiled, and the antimicrobial susceptibility to 29 agents was assessed by broth microdilution according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serovar 1 was predominant (66.7%), followed by serovars 5 (17.4%) and 2 (6.8%). CPS multiplex PCR identified three isolates (2.3%) as serovar 15, which displayed heterogeneous toxin gene profiles, including <i>apxIICA</i>-deficient profiles. Most isolates exhibited classical repeats-in-toxin operon arrangements, suggesting ongoing diversification of toxin gene profiles. High resistance rates were observed for oxytetracycline (90.9%) and florfenicol (50.8%), and recurrent multidrug-resistant combinations were frequently detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Serovar 1 is dominant in Korea, but the emergence of atypical toxin gene profiles in serovar 15 may carry immunological implications. Persistent resistance to older drug classes underscores the necessity for long-term molecular surveillance, evaluation of vaccine coverage against evolving strains, and enhanced antimicrobial stewardship to strengthen the control efforts for porcine pleuropneumonia in Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 3","pages":"e39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13236472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective report on chiggers at a focus of scrub typhus on the China-Vietnam border in Yunnan of southwest China.","authors":"Rong Yu, Lei Zhang, Xian-Guo Guo","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25140","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Chiggers are the exclusive vector of scrub typhus. Jinping County, located along the China-Vietnam border in southwest China, is a focus of scrub typhus. It is of medical and veterinary importance to study chiggers in this area.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study made a retrospective analysis aiming to report chiggers on small mammals (hosts) in Jinping County on the China-Vietnam border, Yunnan of southwest China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The indexes of chigger infestation and chigger community were routinely calculated. The niche width and overlap were calculated for analyzing chiggers' host selection. The sample completeness was determined through coverage index (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 7,718 chiggers from 274 small mammal hosts were identified as 52 species, 10 genera, three subfamilies and two families, including nine vector species. The CI of chigger species reached 99.84%. The genus <i>Leptotrombidium</i> accounted for 94.86% of 10 chigger genera. The majority of chiggers (constituent ratio [C_r] = 95.35%) came from rodents (Rodentia). The four dominant chigger species (C_r = 89.88%, 6,937/7,718) included <i>Leptotrombidium deliense</i>, the most important vector of scrub typhus in China.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>The abundant <i>L. deliense</i> in Jinping, together with other vector chigger species and their low host specificity, increases the potential transmission risk of scrub typhus in China-Vietnam border areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 3","pages":"e31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13236466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of cytochrome P450 activity and mRNA expression in canine vs. human hepatocytes after acetaminophen, diclofenac, or valproic acid exposure.","authors":"Jea Ran Kang, Juyoung Lee, Han Na Suh","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25260","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Although extensive studies have been conducted on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in rodents and humans, research on canine CYP enzymes is limited. The lack of species-specific metabolic research on dogs presents a major challenge in predicting toxicity and adverse drug reactions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the interspecies differences in CYP enzyme activity and mRNA expression between canine and human hepatocytes following treatment with acetaminophen (AAP), diclofenac (Dic), or valproic acid (VPA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We determined the 24-h exposure half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of AAP, Dic, and VPA in canine and human hepatocytes. Based on these IC₅₀ concentrations, we compared drug-induced alterations in various parameters, including immunocytochemistry, transcriptomic profiles (RNA-seq), and CYP activity, to assess changes at the gene and protein levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AAP and VPA increased <i>CYP2J2</i> mRNA expression by 4.7- and 7.76-fold, respectively, whereas Dic increased <i>CYP1A1</i> mRNA expression by 14.25-fold in canine hepatocytes. AAP, VPA, and Dic decreased <i>CYP26B1</i> mRNA expression in canine hepatocytes by 0.03-, 0.12-, and 0.17-fold, respectively. Dic and VPA increased <i>CYP1A1</i> mRNA expression by 5.53- and 6.66-fold, respectively, whereas AAP, VPA, and Dic decreased <i>CYP4F22</i> mRNA expression by 0.03-, 0.13-, and 0.13-fold, respectively, in human hepatocytes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>The observed differences between species in CYP activity and mRNA levels in response to drug exposure highlight the importance of accurate and precise experimental models for the development of new medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 2","pages":"e19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13062425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance of avian influenza viruses in migratory wild birds in South Korea, 2019-2025.","authors":"Jae Kyung Lee, Min Beom Kim, Seo Hyeon Kim, Song Hwi Jeong, HaanWoo Sung, Hyung-Kwan Jang, Kang-Seuk Choi, Daesung Yoo, Se-Hee An, Gyeong-Beom Heo, Yong-Myung Kang, Youn-Jeong Lee, Kwang-Nyeong Lee, Young Ju Lee","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25249","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Wild aquatic birds are reservoirs of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). South Korea has conducted national wild-bird surveillance since 2008 to enable early detection of highly pathogenic AIVs (HPAIVs) and rapid response in poultry.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated the distribution of AI viruses in fecal samples from wild bird habitats (and nearby poultry-farm areas) surveyed between September and March from 2019 to 2025 and identified associated epidemiological risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples were screened for influenza A (M, H5, H7) genes using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), subjected to virus isolation in embryonated chicken eggs, and subtyped by PCR and sequencing. Host species were identified through DNA barcoding. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals were estimated for province, month, and waterfowl density.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall prevalence of HPAI and low pathogenic AI (LPAI) virus was 0.10% and 3.21%, respectively. HPAI virus was continuously isolated since 2020-2021, except 2019-2020, while LPAI prevalence steadily increased (3.01%-4.35%). Twelve hemagglutinin (H1-H12) subtypes were identified in 1,722 isolates, and H3 (16.5%) was the most prevalent, followed by H5 (11.1%) and H7 (5.2%). LPAI H5N3 (55.7%) and H7N7 (75.5%) were the predominant H5 and H7 subtypes, respectively. Detection was higher in western coastal provinces, and higher mallard/spot-billed duck density and sampling in September-December were associated with increased risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Continued surveillance of migratory-bird habitats can provide early warning of HPAIV incursions and support targeted biosecurity measures in high-risk regions and seasons.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 2","pages":"e8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13062435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a novel percutaneous pinning guide for femoral head or neck fracture: an <i>ex vivo</i> study.","authors":"Jinyeob Baek, Hyeonseo Lim, Yong Yu, Suyoung Heo","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25317","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Accurate Kirschner wire placement is essential for safe and effective femoral fracture repair, yet freehand techniques often lead to variability and increased fluoroscopic use.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the precision of a three-dimensional (3D)-printed percutaneous pinning guide (PPG) for Kirschner wire placement in the treatment of femoral fractures using canine cadavers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PPG was designed using 3D computer-aided design software and fabricated using medical-grade resin. In part 1, Kirschner wires were inserted into the intact femurs. In part 2, simulated femoral neck fractures were created using a 3D-printed osteotomy guide. Three wires were inserted into each femur under fluoroscopic guidance. The number of insertion attempts, fluoroscopic images, procedure times, and ease of use were recorded. Post-procedural computed tomography was used to assess angular deviation from ideal trajectories and pin engagement in the proximal femur.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PPG group required fewer insertion attempts (<i>p</i> < 0.01), fewer fluoroscopic images (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and had higher ease-of-use scores (<i>p</i> < 0.047) than the freehand pinning technique (FHPT) group; angular deviation was significantly smaller in the proximodistal (2.9 ± 6.5° vs. 10.7 ± 5.9°; <i>p</i> = 0.022) and craniocaudal (4.8 ± 3.0° vs. 12.3 ± 8.8°; <i>p</i> < 0.001) directions. In part 2, the PPG group showed lower angular variance and greater proximal pin engagement than the FHPT group (<i>p</i> = 0.011).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>The PPG showed better pinning precision and procedural efficiency than the FHPT under intact and simulated fracture conditions. The PPG may enhance safety and consistency in the percutaneous pinning of canine femoral fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 2","pages":"e23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13062430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}