Journal of Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"Blood urea nitrogen-to-albumin ratio predicts mortality in dogs with pyometra.","authors":"Minsu Baek, Sang-Yun Lee, Young-Bum Son","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25266","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Pyometra is a common reproductive disorder in intact female dogs and can progress to sepsis and multi-organ dysfunction. Accurate prognostic indicators are needed to guide clinical management. The blood urea nitrogen-to-albumin ratio (BUN/ALB) has been reported as a prognostic marker in human sepsis but has not been evaluated in canine pyometra.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the prognostic value of the BUN/ALB in canine pyometra before and after surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, BUN/ALB was compared among survivors, non-survivors, and healthy dogs. The BUN/ALB was calculated as blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) ÷ albumin (g/dL). Analyses included one-way analysis of variance with the Holm-Sidak <i>post hoc</i> test, Mann-Whitney tests, Jonckheere-Terpstra trend analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preoperative BUN/ALB was higher in dogs with pyometra than in healthy dogs, with the highest values in non-survivors. ROC analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 and an optimal cut-off of 8.935 (sensitivity of 73.08%, specificity of 90.91%). Postoperatively, the BUN/ALB remained higher in non-survivors (AUC, 0.81; cut-off, 8.445; sensitivity, 68.28%, specificity, 83.33%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>The BUN/ALB was significantly associated with mortality in dogs with pyometra both pre- and postoperatively. The BUN/ALB may serve as a simple, inexpensive, and readily available prognostic marker to support clinical decision-making in canine pyometra.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 2","pages":"e20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13062434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process of developing basic veterinary clinical performance guidelines based on common clinical manifestations in Korea.","authors":"Kichang Lee, Heungshik S Lee, Yong Jun Kim, Incheol Park, Kangmoon Seo, Seong Mok Jeong, Kyu-Woan Cho, Jin Young Chung, Dongbin Lee, Chun-Sik Bae, Sung-Lim Lee, Ki-Jeong Na, Sooyoung Choi, Inseong Jeong, Pan Dong Ryu, Sang-Soep Nahm","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25088","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Standardized clinical education across veterinary schools is essential for the achievement of core graduation competencies. Thus, a structured set of clinical performance tasks, grounded in clinical signs commonly reported by animal owners, can serve as an effective means to standardize and improve clinical education.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explain process of developing basic veterinary clinical performance guidelines, based on frequently observable clinical manifestations, thereby supporting competency-based veterinary education in Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A structured review of learning outcomes established by Korean Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges (KAVMC) was conducted by a planning committee including veterinary educators, practitioners, and advisory members. Owner-oriented descriptions were used to frame each performance task, and each was mapped to corresponding learning outcomes. These tasks were aligned with learning outcomes recommended by the KAVMC to support the development of communication, clinical reasoning, and performance-related competencies among veterinary students, thereby enhancing day-one clinical readiness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 63 clinical manifestations for a guidebook format that can be used for clinical education were identified and categorized by organ systems that are described in language understandable to animal owners.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>The basic veterinary clinical performance guidelines based on common clinical manifestations would serve as a vital component in veterinary education to reinforce core graduation competencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 2","pages":"e24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13062428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiographic femoral measurements for sex and species classification in dogs and cats using machine learning.","authors":"Lutfi Takcı, İbrahim Kürtül","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25283","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Sex and species estimation from skeletal remains is important in veterinary forensic medicine, comparative anatomy, and zooarchaeology. Radiographic osteometry has been studied in dogs and cats, but machine-learning approaches have not been well evaluated for this purpose.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the performance of machine-learning models and a multilayer perceptron for estimating sex and species from radiographic femoral measurements in dogs and cats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed pelvic radiographs of 280 animals (140 dogs and 140 cats; 70 males and 70 females of each species) using 9 radiographic measurements. Random forest, decision tree, logistic regression, extra trees, linear discriminant analysis, quadratic discriminant analysis, and a multilayer perceptron were evaluated. Feature importance was explored with Shapley additive explanations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For sex classification, the extra trees classifier showed the highest accuracy in both dogs (0.79) and cats (0.75). For species classification, logistic regression, quadratic discriminant analysis, and decision tree each achieved an accuracy of 0.89, whereas the multilayer perceptron reached 0.93 after 500 and 1,000 training cycles. The most influential variables were femoral length for sex classification in cats, left intercondylar fossa width for sex classification in dogs, and inter-femoral-head distance for species classification.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Radiographic femoral measurements permit moderate sex classification and high species classification in dogs and cats. These findings support the potential use of machine-learning analysis of femoral radiographs in veterinary forensic medicine and related morphometric fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 2","pages":"e29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13062432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paget-like bone remodeling disorder in a red-tailed boa (<i>Boa constrictor constrictor</i>): diagnosis and management.","authors":"Soong-Hee Youn, Na-Young Lee, Ki-Yong Shin, Hyeon-Joo Shin, Joon-Young Yang, Dae-Yong Kim","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25281","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Paget-like bone remodeling disorder is a rare skeletal disease in reptiles, and clinical management strategies are poorly defined. Reporting clinically documented cases may improve recognition and welfare-centered care.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 23-year-old male red-tailed boa (<i>Boa constrictor constrictor</i>) presented with anorexia, dysecdysis and spinal rigidity. Radiography and computed tomography showed diffuse vertebral deformities with irregular bone proliferation, and erosive lesions. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was markedly increased. Blood cultures yielded <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Treatment with enrofloxacin and dexamethasone was followed by a transient decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity and partial improvement in appetite. Husbandry modifications, including transfer to a larger enclosure, improved mobility and short-term quality of life. The snake later developed recurrent anorexia and dysecdysis and was euthanized for welfare grounds. Necropsy and histopathology revealed extensive vertebral deformities, thickened trabeculae, mosaic lamellar bone and osteoclasts proliferation, consistent with Paget-like bone remodeling disorder.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>This case supports the value of imaging, clinicopathologic assessment, and histopathology in diagnosis, and suggests that supportive husbandry modification may provide temporary welfare benefit in affected snakes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 2","pages":"e22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13062427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of MAVRIC-SL for metal artifact reduction in postoperative canine stifle MRI.","authors":"Sojin Kim, Youngmin Kim, Jae-Pung Han, Sunghoon Jeon, Gonhyung Kim, Sang-Hwan Hyun, Dongwoo Chang, Namsoon Lee","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25182","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) is a common cause of pelvic limb lameness in dogs. Surgical correction using metallic implants is commonly performed; however, using postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluation is limited owing to susceptibility artifacts.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine whether a multiacquisition variable-resonance image combination-selective (MAVRIC-SL) sequence, which reduces susceptibility artifacts, is useful for postoperative evaluation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MRI was performed on four dogs that underwent CCLR correction using metallic implants. Imaging was performed with MAVRIC-SL and two-dimensional fast spin echo (2D-FSE) sequences, including proton density (PD), PD fat-suppressed (F/S), and T2-weighted F/S. The artifact area for each sequence was quantitatively analyzed. A four-level qualitative image analysis was performed to assess image artifacts, cartilage delineation, and visualization of the cranial cruciate ligament and bone.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The artifact area was significantly reduced with MAVRIC-SL than with 2D-FSE, regardless of the metal materials used. In addition, the amount of artifact, cartilage delineation, and visualization of the bone were significantly improved with MAVRIC-SL compared with 2D-FSE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In this preliminary study, the MAVRIC-SL sequence improves postoperative MRI evaluation by reducing susceptibility artifacts in dogs with CCLR treated with metallic implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 2","pages":"e21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13062429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral and cardiorespiratory effects of a medetomidine and tramadol combination in horses.","authors":"Ahram Kim, Inhyung Lee, Kyuyoung Lee, Eun-Bee Lee, Jong-Pil Seo","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25252","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>The use of combinations of sedative and analgesic drugs during standing procedures in horses is necessary to provide reliable sedation with minimal ataxia and reduced responses to surgical or other stimuli in horses.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study assessed the behavioral and cardiorespiratory effects of medetomidine (M) administered with and without tramadol (T) in horses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight horses were sedated intravenously with M (5 µg/kg) alone or with T (2 mg/kg) in a arandomized, blind, two-way crossover trial. Behavioral responses, including head height above the ground (HHAG), postural instability (PI), and response to pressure stimulus (RPS), and cardiorespiratory responses, including vital variables and blood analyses, were assessed following administration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no clinically meaningful differences in cardiorespiratory values, HHAG, or PI between the groups. The RPS score over the scapula was significantly higher in the medetomidine and tramadol (MT) group (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and a trend towards a higher RPS score over the femur was observed (<i>p</i> = 0.08) in the MT group. Heart rate decreased significantly below baseline from 10 to 40 min in both treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>These results suggest that the MT combination may provide sufficient sedation and analgesia with minimal cardiorespiratory changes in horses.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 2","pages":"e17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13062433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of a custom restraining box for estrus induction using PMSG and successful reproduction in a snow leopard (<i>Panthera uncia</i>): a case report.","authors":"Hwanyul Yong, Jongki Cho","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25336","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Snow leopards (<i>Panthera uncia</i>) are vulnerable felids with low reproductive success in captivity. Their thick fur and cautious behavior often make dart-based hormone delivery unreliable; as a result, practical estrus-induction protocols are limited.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 9-year-old female snow leopard at Seoul Zoo, housed with a male since 2003 without previous conception, underwent two estrus induction attempts. In the first trial, 600 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) followed by 300 IU human chorionic gonadotropin resulted in mating but only a pseudopregnancy. A portable wooden restraining box with a squeezing panel enabled accurate hormone injection using hand syringes. After a 97-day separation period, a second trial involved a single injection of 600 IU PMSG. After reintroduction to the male, multiple matings occurred for eight days, and a single cub was delivered 94 days after the first mating. The cub nursed normally for two days but died due to maternal infanticide.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>This case shows that reliable estrus induction and parturition in snow leopards can be achieved with a single PMSG injection when supported by a customized restraining box that ensures accurate hormone delivery. This method offers a practical approach to assisted reproduction in difficult-to-handle snow leopards and other felids.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 2","pages":"e27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13062424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between chronic kidney disease progression and serum feline pancreatic lipase concentrations in cats.","authors":"Jihyun Kim, Youngmin Yun","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25273","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Serum feline pancreatic lipase (fPL) is used to diagnose pancreatitis, but interpretation is challenging because fPL may be affected by non-pancreatic disease, including reduced renal function.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage and serum fPL in cats and characterize how renal biomarkers relate to fPL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study evaluated medical records of cats presented to a secondary referral veterinary hospital between February 2024 and March 2025. Inclusion required same-day testing of complete blood count, serum biochemistry, blood gas analysis, urinalysis, serum fPL, and abdominal ultrasonography. CKD staging followed International Renal Interest Society guidelines using serum creatinine, urine specific gravity (USG), and ultrasonography. Nonparametric group comparisons were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and associations between fPL and renal biomarkers were assessed using Spearman's correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>fPL increased significantly with advancing CKD stage (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Furthermore, fPL was positively correlated with blood urea nitrogen (<i>ρ</i> = 0.516, <i>p</i> < 0.001), creatinine (<i>ρ</i> = 0.459, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and inorganic phosphorus (<i>ρ</i> = 0.312, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Additionally, fPL and USG exhibited an inverse correlation (<i>ρ</i> = -0.502, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Ionized calcium showed no correlation with fPL (<i>ρ</i> = 0.012, <i>p</i> = 0.898).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In this clinical cohort, higher CKD stage was associated with higher serum fPL. Because fPL alone is insufficient to diagnose pancreatitis and may increase with reduced renal function, mild-to-moderate fPL elevations in cats with CKD should be interpreted in the context of clinical signs and pancreatic imaging findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 2","pages":"e30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13062426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased ruminoreticular temperature after simultaneous lumpy skin disease and foot-and-mouth disease vaccination in Hanwoo (<i>Bos taurus coreanae</i>) cows.","authors":"Jisu Kim, Jae-Jung Ha, Mirae Kim, Woo-Sung Kwon, Junkoo Yi, Daehyun Kim","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25267","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and lumpy skin disease (LSD) cause major economic losses in Hanwoo cattle. To reduce cost and improve convenience, simultaneous FMD-LSD vaccination is being promoted, yet its effects on ruminoreticular temperature and activity are unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate ruminoreticular temperature and body activity after vaccination, stratified by pregnancy status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective observational cohort study investigated ruminoreticular temperature and body activity in Hanwoo cows after experimental administration of FMD and LSD vaccines. Sixty-three Hanwoo cows (pregnant n = 23 [100-175 days], nonpregnant n = 40) were monitored using a rumen-insertable biosensor that records ruminoreticular temperature and activity every 10 min. Groups received FMD, LSD, simultaneous FMD/LSD, or saline (control). Outcomes were analyzed using analysis of covariance with age and parity as covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In pregnant cows, simultaneous FMD/LSD vaccination increased ruminoreticular temperature at day 1 and returned to baseline by day 3; single-vaccine groups showed more prolonged elevations. In nonpregnant cows, simultaneous vaccination increased temperature at day 1, normalizing by day 3-4. Body activity did not differ among pregnant groups; in nonpregnant cows, the simultaneous group showed lower activity than single-vaccine groups on some days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In pregnant Hanwoo cows, post-vaccination temperature increase may enhance the risk of abortion, stillbirth, and premature birth, but this cannot be concluded to be the effect of vaccination. Since vaccination is the sole prevention for infectious diseases, it is unavoidable. Therefore, further research on reproduction related side effects after simultaneous vaccination are needed, and the findings of this study may provide valuable data to support such investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 2","pages":"e26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13062431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterisation and histopathological analysis of canine distemper virus in a Malayan tiger (<i>Panthera tigris jacksoni</i>).","authors":"Muhammad Farris Mohd Sadali, Abdul Razak Mariatulqabtiah, Annas Salleh, Nurul Izzati Uda Zahli, Tengku Rinalfi Putra Tengku Azizan, Hafandi Ahmad, Mohd Arifin Kaderi, Khor Kuan Hua, Ridhwan Abdul Wahab, Ahmad Lutfi Abdullah, Millawati Gani, Farina Mustaffa-Kamal","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25092","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Canine distemper virus (CDV) has a broad host range, spanning mammals of the order Carnivora and other orders, often proving fatal. The detection of CDV in a Malayan tiger (<i>Panthera tigris jacksoni</i>) in Malaysia in 2019 marks the first such case diagnosed in Malayan tigers, suggesting possible exposure from domestic animals or wildlife reservoirs.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to describe histological manifestations and characterise the CDV strain in the tiger to determine its molecular epidemiology and postulate viral pathogenicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Histopathology characterisation of the infected tissues were performed through haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry staining, respectively. We conducted virus isolation and titration in Chinese hamster ovarian expressing the dog signalling lymphocytic activation molecule (CHO-SLAM) cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to confirm the presence of CDV RNA, nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses for comprehensive characterisation of the CDV strain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Notable histopathological changes were observed primarily in the brain, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, and stomach, with viral antigens localised in the lung, liver, kidney, and stomach tissues. CDV-induced cell cytopathic effects yielding 4.27 × 10⁶ TCID₅₀/mL were observed at 48 h post-inoculation in CHO-SLAM cells. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the virus originated from the Asia-1 clade. Notably, 549H and 519I mutations in the hemagglutinin protein were observed, indicating adaptation to a non-canid wildlife species.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the molecular characterisation and evolutionary dynamics of the CDV strain present in the Malayan tiger and serves as a benchmark for developing effective preventative measures to protect Malayan tigers and mitigate their risk of extinction.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":" ","pages":"e4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12891821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145911973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}