Journal of Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"Comparative study of the role of nitric oxide in the regulation of food intake across vertebrates.","authors":"Salaheddin Zarei, Ali Baghbanzadeh","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25185","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Nitric oxide (NO), synthesized from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthases (NOS), acts as a conserved signaling molecule involved in the regulation of food intake across animal taxa. Understanding its function has gained importance in veterinary medicine, animal production, and comparative physiology, especially given species-specific differences in arginine metabolism and immune-nutritional interactions.</p><p><strong>Observations: </strong>This review provides a comparative synthesis of the role of NO in appetite regulation in mammals, birds, and aquatic animals, highlighting conserved mechanisms, species-specific differences, and gaps requiring further investigation. In mammals, NO modulates hypothalamic circuits controlling satiety and hunger in a bidirectional, energy-dependent manner. Birds, lacking endogenous arginine synthesis, show reduced feed intake with elevated NO levels. In fish, NO-especially via agmatine-suppresses feeding by downregulating orexigenic signals and enhancing insulin-mediated pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>NO functions as a conserved but flexible regulator of food intake across taxa. Future studies employing molecular, nutritional, and behavioral tools are needed to clarify species-specific mechanisms and optimize NO-targeted feeding strategies in production animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 4","pages":"e48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case-based learning enhances clinical competencies in Thai veterinary students: a mixed-methods approach.","authors":"Adisorn Yawongsa, Suchart Watanachai, Waraporn Aumarm","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25149","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Case-based learning (CBL) represents a promising shift toward competency-based veterinary education, but the evidence from Southeast Asian programs is limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated veterinary students' perceptions of structured CBL effectiveness in Thai veterinary education and whether these perceptions varied with academic performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was used at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University. Quantitative data were collected from 318 students (88.3% response rate) using a structured 22-item questionnaire across four domains (professional knowledge, communication skills, personal benefits, facilitator performance) on 5-point Likert scales. Groups were compared by Grade Point Average (GPA; 2.01-2.99 vs. > 2.99) using the Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test. Nine focus groups (n = 63) were analyzed thematically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Students perceived all four domains positively. Mean scores were comparable for professional knowledge (4.08 ± 0.61), facilitator performance (4.06 ± 0.72), and personal benefits (4.03 ± 0.65), and lowest for communication skills (3.89 ± 0.75). Students with a GPA of 2.01-2.99 reported greater perceived benefit than higher-achieving peers in professional knowledge (<i>U</i> = 10,109; <i>p</i> = 0.036; <i>r</i> = 0.14) and personal benefits (<i>U</i> = 10,167; <i>p</i> = 0.043; <i>r</i> = 0.14); differences in communication (<i>U</i> = 10,734; <i>p</i> = 0.192; <i>r</i> = 0.09) and facilitator performance (<i>U</i> = 10,783; <i>p</i> = 0.213; <i>r</i> = 0.08) were not significant. Thematic analysis produced two themes: perceived CBL effectiveness and areas for development.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Students perceived CBL as offering meaningful educational value, with lower-performing students perceiving particularly strong benefits, and perceived that CBL supported their clinical reasoning, collaborative learning, and communication. Effective implementation was perceived to require systematic faculty development, case-curriculum alignment, and structured group management. These findings support broader CBL integration while highlighting critical implementation considerations for educational equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 4","pages":"e49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical adaptation of a custom 3D prosthesis for canine laryngeal stenosis: a preliminary cadaveric study.","authors":"Sandra Lopez-Minguez, Carolina Serrano-Casorran, Ignacio Colom-Diaz, Cantal Del Rio-Martinez, Manuel Alaman, Cristina Gonzalez-Pastor, Julia Laliena, Cristina Bonastre, José B Rodriguez","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25272","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Laryngeal stenosis is a frequent and life-threatening cause of upper airway obstruction in dogs. Current surgical options, although effective, are invasive and associated with high morbidity. Species-specific laryngeal stents may provide a safer alternative.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the anatomical adaptation and feasibility of a novel custom three-dimensional (3D)-printed laryngeal prosthesis designed for canine laryngeal stenosis in a cadaveric model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prototype stent was produced using 3D printing and assessed in eight canine cadavers of different breeds and skull conformations. Glottic opening was measured at baseline, after endotracheal intubation, and following stent placement using calibrated laryngoscopic imaging. Anatomical fit, displacement, and epiglottic function were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After stent placement, mean glottic opening was consistently smaller than that achieved with endotracheal tubes (e.g., size L: 17.3 ± 2.26 mm vs. 23.65 ± 6.72 mm), although this difference was not statistically significant, suggesting a more physiologic dilation. Optimal anatomical adaptation was observed in five of eight cases. Mild displacement occurred only in undersized implants, and epiglottic closure was preserved in all specimens.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>This preliminary cadaveric study demonstrates that a custom canine-specific 3D laryngeal prosthesis can achieve stable anatomical integration without excessive glottic expansion or interference with epiglottic function. Although cadaveric testing cannot assess inflammatory responses, the limited dilation observed indicates low radial force. These findings support the potential of this device as a species-specific alternative to traditional surgical approaches. <i>In vivo</i> evaluation with medical-grade materials is warranted to confirm safety, tolerability, and long-term efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 4","pages":"e45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of two porcine circovirus type 2 strains from Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.","authors":"Jintao Wang, Chun Lu, Guangqian Liu, Dongsong Guan, Yuan Shi, Mengyue Zhang, Zhishuan Ren","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25350","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) impairs the immune function in pigs and contributes to immunosuppressive disease, causing substantial economic losses worldwide.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To isolate and characterize PCV2 strains from two pig farms in China and evaluate pathogenicity in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lymph node tissues suspected of a PCV infection were collected from farms in Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Virus isolation was performed in PK-15 cells and confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, indirect immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. The genotypes were assigned by phylogenetic analysis. The replication kinetics were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the pathogenicity was assessed in BALB/c mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two isolates were obtained and classified as PCV2d (PCV2-HLJ-92 and PCV2-NMG-103). The capsid amino acid sequences were identical between the isolates. Relative to the vaccine strains (PCV2a-LG and PCV2b-SH), both isolates carried multiple capsid amino acid substitutions. Regarding a PCV2d reference strain (BDH), a single substitution at residue 169 was observed. Differences in replication kinetics and tissue viral loads were observed between the isolates; these differences coincided with a Rep residue 6 substitution. Both isolates infected mice and produced histopathologic lesions primarily in the liver and lung.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>These PCV2d isolates expand the available genomic and phenotypic data for circulating strains and may inform epidemiologic surveillance and vaccine development.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 4","pages":"e41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized <i>ex vivo</i> expansion and functional characterization of canine natural killer cells using genetically modified feeder cells.","authors":"Yurim An, Geun-Seop Kim, YeonJu Baek, Jae-Hee Park, Jeong Won Hong, Phuoc Quang Huy Nguyen, Sang-Ki Kim","doi":"10.4142/jvs.24345","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.24345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Natural killer (NK) cells are critical effectors of innate immune surveillance and can eliminate malignant cells without prior sensitization. Given the biological and genetic parallels between canine and human cancers, NK cell-based immunotherapies have strong translational potential in veterinary oncology. However, the lack of an efficient and reproducible <i>ex vivo</i> expansion protocol for canine NK cells remains a major barrier to clinical application. Establishing culture conditions for expansion of functional canine NK cells would support adoptive NK cell therapy and translational research.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of genetically modified feeder cells and optimized culture media in expanding canine NK cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells were co-cultured with irradiated genetically modified K562 or ARH77 cells in either RPMI-1640 or Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)/F12-based media. NK cell expansion, purity, cytotoxicity and expression of NK cell-associated receptors were evaluated using flow cytometry, cytotoxicity assays, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combination of DMEM/F12-based medium and genetically modified ARH77 feeder cells yielded the highest NK cell expansion rate and purity among the tested conditions. Cytotoxicity differed significantly according to medium type, whereas no significant difference was observed between feeder cell types. In addition, the NK cell-associated receptors were significantly upregulated in expanded NK cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Genetically modified ARH77 feeder cells with DMEM/F12-based culture media demonstrated superior efficiency in promoting the <i>ex vivo</i> expansion of canine NK cells, achieving high purity and enhanced cytotoxic potential. These findings highlight a promising and reproducible platform for generating functional NK cells, offering a practical and scalable strategy to support the development of NK cell-based veterinary immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 4","pages":"e47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative histological characteristics of the nasal cavity of Beagle dogs and rabbits.","authors":"Seongmo Yang, Heesu Ji, Sanggu Kim, Soochong Kim","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25354","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>The nasal turbinate is a structurally complex organ essential for air conditioning and defense against inhaled toxicants. Despite its importance, standardized histological criteria for Beagle nasal turbinates have not been fully established, limiting the reproducibility and comparability of toxicological and pathological evaluations.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize region-specific histological features of the Beagle nasal turbinates using anatomically defined anterior, middle, posterior, and olfactory regions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nasal cavities from five 8-month-old Beagle dogs and five 10-week-old New Zealand White rabbits were sampled at four anatomically defined transverse levels corresponding to the anterior (last upper incisor teeth), middle (upper canine teeth), posterior (third premolar teeth), and olfactory (fourth premolar teeth) regions, using reproducible dental and cranial landmarks. Hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining were performed to evaluate epithelial types, submucosal structures, and goblet cell distribution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gross transverse sections revealed clear anatomical differences between Beagles and rabbits, particularly in turbinate complexity. In the anterior region, Beagles were entirely lined by transitional epithelium, whereas rabbits had a mixed layer of stratified squamous epithelium. In the middle region, Beagles showed a broader distribution of respiratory epithelium with abundant goblet cells. In the posterior and olfactory regions, where olfactory epithelium was mainly distributed, Beagles showed more well-developed and significantly thicker olfactory epithelium compared to rabbits; mean difference 39.889 μm (95% CI, 11.079-68.698), <i>p</i> = 0.0138.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>This study is the first to propose standardized, region-specific histological criteria for Beagle nasal turbinates, supported by quantitative analysis. By presenting its unique histological structures and traits, this study provides a reproducible reference framework for Beagle nasal cavity histology.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 4","pages":"e54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Swine TRIM25 inhibits vesicular stomatitis virus replication by activation of type I IFN signaling pathway and binding vRNA.","authors":"Ying Cao, Jinxia Zhang, Dongwan Yoo, Haowen Zhang, Dandan Jiang, Yue Hu, Xiaoyan Cong, Juntong Li, Xiangju Wu, Yijun Du, Jing Qi, Juan Huang","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25139","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Vesicular stomatitis virus is a zoonotic rhabdovirus that infects livestock and can cause economically important disease. Tripartite motif-containing 25 (TRIM25) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in innate antiviral signaling, but its role in pigs during vesicular stomatitis virus infection is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To define the mechanism by which swine TRIM25 restricts vesicular stomatitis virus replication.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Porcine 3D4/21 cells with TRIM25 overexpression or knockdown were infected with vesicular stomatitis virus. Viral replication was quantified by immunoblotting, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and 50% tissue culture infectious dose assays. Type I interferon signaling was assessed by transcript quantification, interferon-beta and interferon-stimulated response element reporter assays, and co-immunoprecipitation. Viral RNA binding was tested by RNA immunoprecipitation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TRIM25 overexpression reduced viral RNA and infectious titers, whereas TRIM25 knockdown increased replication (<i>p</i> < 0.01). TRIM25 increased interferon-beta and interferon-stimulated gene expression and enhanced interferon-beta and interferon-stimulated response element promoter activity (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Mechanistically, TRIM25 promoted Lys63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I and increased phosphorylation of TANK-binding kinase 1 and interferon regulatory factor 3. TRIM25 also bound vesicular stomatitis virus genomic RNA, and binding required the C-terminal region.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Porcine TRIM25 restricts vesicular stomatitis virus replication by amplifying type I interferon signaling and directly binding viral RNA.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 3","pages":"e25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13236469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Clostridium perfringens</i> in Korean pig farms: antimicrobial resistance and toxin profiles.","authors":"Chang-Won Im, Doosung Cheon, Kihong Park, Young-Ho Joo, Wan-Kyu Lee","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25321","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong><i>Clostridium perfringens</i> is associated with neonatal piglet diarrhea and economic loss; contemporary national data on toxin gene carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility in Korea are limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize toxin gene profiles and antimicrobial resistance among <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> isolated from diarrheic piglets in Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fecal samples (n = 1,627) were collected from 286 farms in 2023-2024. <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> isolates (n = 410) were recovered under anaerobic conditions. Toxin genes (<i>cpa</i>, <i>cpb</i>, <i>cpb2</i>, <i>cpe</i>, <i>etx</i>, and <i>iap</i>) were detected by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. Susceptibility to 18 antimicrobials was assessed by disc diffusion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Type A strains (<i>cpa</i> alone [24.6%] or <i>cpa</i>+<i>cpb2</i> [46.8%]) predominated; <i>cpb2</i> and <i>cpe</i> were detected in 73.4% and 19.0% of isolates, respectively. Resistance was highest to bacitracin (94.9%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (79.8%), and florfenicol (81.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In 2023-2024, type A isolates carrying <i>cpb2</i> were the predominant toxinotype among <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> recovered from diarrheic piglets in Korea. The high prevalence of resistance to several commonly used agents supports strengthened antimicrobial stewardship and evaluation of alternative control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 3","pages":"e34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13236465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field investigation of bovine leukemia virus: <i>env</i>-based PCR detection and hematologic predictors in Korean dairy herds with productivity issues.","authors":"Woojae Choi, Jiyeon Kim, Eunhui Choe, Danil Kim, Younghye Ro","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25311","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Enzootic bovine leukosis, caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV), is associated with persistent lymphocytosis, lymphosarcoma development, and reduced herd productivity. In Korea, nationwide BLV prevalence data are limited, and its contribution to dairy herd problems remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate prevalence of BLV and its association with hematological alterations in targeted dairy farms experiencing productivity issues in Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study investigated five dairy farms reporting decreased milk yield, recurrent mastitis, poor conception rates, and delayed postpartum recovery. Eighty lactating cows underwent physical examination, body condition scoring, hematological and biochemical analyses, and polymerase chain reaction testing for BLV.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall BLV detection rate among these herds was 70% (56/80), with intra-herd positivity ranging from 57.1 to 90.0%. Lymphocytosis was observed in 31% of the cows. Multivariable generalized estimating equations analysis confirmed that higher lymphocyte counts were the strongest independent predictor of BLV status (adjusted odds ratio, 2.70; <i>p</i> = 0.005), demonstrating a robust association between hematological alterations and BLV positivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>BLV infection is highly prevalent in the investigated Korean dairy farms with productivity problems. While these results may not represent the nationwide average due to selection bias, they emphasize the need for nationwide BLV surveillance and implementation of control measures in Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 3","pages":"e32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13236462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in African swine fever vaccine development: challenges and prospects.","authors":"Doddy Irawan Setyo Utomo, Nlp Indi Dharmayanti, Masteria Yunovilsa Putra","doi":"10.4142/jvs.25160","DOIUrl":"10.4142/jvs.25160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating transboundary disease of domestic pigs and wild boar, causing severe economic losses with mortality approaching 100% in acute infections. Despite decades of research, there is no widely available, internationally licensed ASF vaccine, and control remains dependent on biosecurity, culling, and movement restrictions. The complex biology of African swine fever virus (ASFV), immune evasion, and incomplete understanding of protective immunity continue to impede vaccine development.</p><p><strong>Observations: </strong>Vaccine development includes live attenuated vaccines (LAVs), subunit vaccines, DNA vaccines, viral vectors, and newer approaches such as virus-like particles (VLPs) and mRNA platforms. LAVs remain the most promising in controlled studies (e.g., BA71ΔCD2) and include candidates with limited emergency authorizations in some settings (e.g., HLJ/18-7GD), but safety concerns (reversion risk), environmental persistence, and DIVA limitations remain major barriers. Subunit and nucleic acid vaccines offer improved safety but have shown limited protection in challenge studies. Advances in structural biology, genomics, and immunology are accelerating rational design, with VLPs emerging as a promising next-generation approach to balance safety and immunogenicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Recent progress in ASFV structural understanding, immune correlates of protection, and vaccine engineering supports cautious optimism. Success will likely require standardized evaluation, robust DIVA strategies, and coordinated international development and deployment pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":17557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science","volume":"27 3","pages":"e16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13236470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}