Agnieszka Mikus, Sylwia Ostrysz, Stanisław Ostrowski
{"title":"Fast Nucleophilic Approach to Exhaustively Substituted Porphyrin Derivatives at the “Eastern Half”","authors":"Agnieszka Mikus, Sylwia Ostrysz, Stanisław Ostrowski","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.202401054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202401054","url":null,"abstract":"<i>meso</i>-Tetraarylporphyrin chelates (of Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, and Cu<sup>2+</sup>) are easily available from parent porphyrins. Their reactions with nitric acid (yellow fuming HNO<sub>3</sub>, <i>d</i> = 1.52, diluted to 25%–50%), under optimized conditions in CHCl<sub>3</sub> at room temperature, can be carried out selectively, thus giving mainly <i>β</i>,<i>β</i>-dinitro-substituted moieties (usually two or three isomers of the above complexes). These intermediates (obtained in overall yields of up to 73%), upon the reaction with carbanions bearing a leaving group <i>X</i> at the reactive center, afford the target products, the ones of vicarious nucleophilic substitution (VNS) of hydrogen. This approach allows the synthesis of porphyrin derivatives exhaustively <i>β</i>-substituted in the so-called “Eastern half”, starting from a simple <i>meso-</i>tetraarylporphyrins. These types of products are sought in anticancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). Thus, the above two-step procedure including very attractive VNS reaction gives hydrophilic or amphiphilic moieties that seem to be potential PDT agents with unique structures, being practically unavailable by any other alternative methods.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}