Jiaji Zhao, Wei Xu, Yanshuang Lin, Jiapeng Sun, Hua Cao
{"title":"c-Met/DDR1 Dual-Target Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Featuring an Imidazo[1,2-A]pyridine Core","authors":"Jiaji Zhao, Wei Xu, Yanshuang Lin, Jiapeng Sun, Hua Cao","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70796","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejoc.70796","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this contribution, we report the design, synthesis, and bioactivity evaluation of a novel class of dual-target tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKIs). By linking imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with a commonly used cyclopropanecarboxylic acid pharmacophore fragment, a number of novel potential TKIs were synthesized. Aryl and heteroaryl side chains with different electron-withdrawing groups and electron-donating groups were introduced to the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring to evaluate the inhibitory effects against Huh-7 and HepG2 tumor cells. The research results showed that compound 10a with a pyridine side-chain exhibited better in vitro inhibitory effects against Huh-7 and HepG2 cells than cabozantinib. Cell cloning and cell scratch experiments indicated that 10a significantly hampered the tumor cell proliferation and migration and exhibited comparable cytotoxicity against normal cells. Through a selectivity profile study on a 217 kinase panel, cellular-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (<i>c</i>-Met) and discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) were identified to be the potential targets of compound 10a.</p>","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"29 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amit Kumar Verma, Anuj Yadav, Devendra Singh Negi, Surendra Puri
{"title":"Strategic Formation of Indoles Using Phenyl Hydrazine as a Key Reagent","authors":"Amit Kumar Verma, Anuj Yadav, Devendra Singh Negi, Surendra Puri","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.70878","url":null,"abstract":"Indole formation from phenylhydrazine represents one of the most versatile and mechanistically rich domains in heterocyclic synthesis, bridging classical Fischer indolisation with emerging transition‐metal‐catalyzed and tandem methodologies. Transition‐metal catalysis, such as Rh(III), Ru(II), and Co(III) complexes, has been used for C─H activation, oxidative annulation, and redox‐neutral coupling that yield high selectivity and diverse functional group‐containing indoles. Moreover, hydroformylation‐assisted Fischer reactions, ligand‐controlled rearrangements, and acid‐promoted condensations have demonstrated controllable C2/C3‐substitution and regioselectivity across alkenes, aldehydes, and cyclic precursors. Collectively, these advancements establish phenyl hydrazine as a robust scaffold for the synthesis of multifaceted indoles. This review encompasses alkyne, alcohol, ester, ketone, carboxamide acid, alkene, cyclic ether, and aldehyde routes to diversely substituted indoles.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"11218 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient Synthesis of Cannabinoid Acids","authors":"Ryosuke Arai, Hikari Nishiguchi, Kayo Nakamura, Hiroko Abe, Akihiko Ishida, Manabu Tokeshi, Kyohei Higashi, Akiyoshi Saitoh, Hideyo Takahashi","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.70860","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabinoid acids are the carboxylic acid precursors of cannabinoids, which are present in high abundance in fresh cannabis plants. During heating and storage, cannabinoid acids undergo decarboxylation to produce the corresponding cannabinoids. Cannabinoid acids have been prepared through the reaction of cannabinoids with methyl magnesium carbonate (MMC); however, this method has a limited substrate scope, and Δ <jats:sup>9</jats:sup> ‐tetrahydrocannabinolic acid cannot be produced using this approach. In this study, an alternative synthesis of cannabinoid acids was developed based on an <jats:italic>O</jats:italic> → <jats:italic>C</jats:italic> acyl rearrangement. Specifically, this strategy involved regioselective bromination followed by halogen–lithium exchange and intramolecular nucleophilic addition, which led to successful carboxylation. The key reaction was identified as a regioselective bromination using cyclopentyl methyl ether as the optimal solvent, affording the 2‐brominated product in high yield. This rearrangement strategy enabled the efficient synthesis of cannabinoid acids from cannabinoids.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photochemical Synthesis of Dihydropyrido[1,2‐ a :3,4‐ b ′]diindole Derivatives","authors":"Kai‐Rong Chen, Yin‐Jiu Zhao, Shuang Chen, Jun‐Nan Xu, Qin Ma, Yan‐Chuan Gong, Jie Zhang, Liang Guo","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.70882","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, we report a photochemical method for the intramolecular cyclization of N‐(substituted benzoyl)‐1‐substituted‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines. This transformation relies on photoexcitation of the substrate itself in the absence of external photocatalysts, with catalytic <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> ‐toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) facilitating the cyclization process. This reaction provides a straightforward and practical approach for the synthesis of dihydro‐pyrido[1,2‐ <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> :3,4‐ <jats:italic>b</jats:italic> ′]diindoles. We investigate the substrate scope by varying substituents at the <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> and <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> <jats:sup>9</jats:sup> positions of the starting materials. A variety of dihydro‐pyrido[1,2‐ <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> :3,4‐ <jats:italic>b</jats:italic> ′]diindoles were successfully synthesized in moderate to excellent yields (up to 84%). Substrates bearing alkyl, aryl, polysubstituted, and fused‐ring moieties are well tolerated. Furthermore, the synthetic practicability of this protocol is validated by a gram‐scale reaction.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subhajit Chakraborty, Afsana Pervin, Nanda D. Paul
{"title":"Advances in NN Bond Formation: Mechanistic Diversity and Emerging Catalytic Strategies","authors":"Subhajit Chakraborty, Afsana Pervin, Nanda D. Paul","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.70839","url":null,"abstract":"The nitrogen–nitrogen (NN) bond is ubiquitous in organic compounds, yet efficient synthetic strategies for the direct construction of NN bonds remain challenging. Well‐known approaches, such as oxidative dehydrogenative coupling (ODC) and reductive coupling (RC), have provided valuable routes for forming NN linkages. Nitrene transfer strategies emerged as a complementary and increasingly versatile platform. The distinct electronic structures of classical closed‐shell nitrenoids (Fischer‐ and Schrock‐type), open‐shell nitrene radical intermediates, and photochemically generated nitrene species primarily govern NN bond‐forming selectivity. The use of electrochemical, photochemical, and biocatalytic approaches continues to expand the scope of sustainable synthetic chemistry. This review summarizes recent advances in ODC, RC, nitrene transfer chemistry, photochemical, electrochemical, and enzymatic approaches for NN bond formation, with particular emphasis on reaction design, mechanistic insights, and synthetic applications.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marko Jeran, Arnald Grabulosa, Barbara Mohar, Michel Stephan
{"title":"[Metal–(Nitrogen and/or OxygenPhosphorus‐Based Ligand)]‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β‐Amido β‐Substituted Acrylic Esters and Phosphoro Analogs: A Practical Literature Overview","authors":"Marko Jeran, Arnald Grabulosa, Barbara Mohar, Michel Stephan","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.70565","url":null,"abstract":"The advent in catalysis of enantiopure (N and/or O)P‐monodentate, bis(N and/or O)P‐, and (N and/or O)P,P‐bidentate ligands is recounted. In particular, their transition‐metal‐complex‐enabled enantioselective CC hydrogenation of archetypal β‐amido β‐(alkyl or aryl)‐vinylcarboxylic esters, phosphonates, and phosphine oxide analogs is reviewed. The efficient P‐ligands are juxtaposed with their reported attained enantioselectivity per substrate alongside the screening conditions. Additional literature pertaining to the asymmetric hydrogenation of the said phosphonates, employing enantiopure diphosphine ligands, is included.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carles Alcaide, Clara Mauclaire, Muhammad Ehtisham, Sílvia Simon, Sylvain Gaillard, Jean Luc Renaud, Albert Poater
{"title":"Modifying Catalytic Sustainability in Renaud Catalysts: Hints From Aromaticity, Conceptual DFT, and Steric Mapping","authors":"Carles Alcaide, Clara Mauclaire, Muhammad Ehtisham, Sílvia Simon, Sylvain Gaillard, Jean Luc Renaud, Albert Poater","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.70845","url":null,"abstract":"Catalytic hydrogenation is a key transformation in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, traditionally relying on noble‐metal catalysts such as palladium, ruthenium, and iridium. However, the scarcity, high cost, and environmental concerns associated with these metals have motivated the search for sustainable alternatives based on abundant first‐row transition metals. Among them, Knölker‐type iron complexes have emerged as promising candidates for efficient hydrogenation catalysis. This predictive study investigates how structural modifications of the cyclopentadienone ligand of the Renaud ligand and annulated‐ring framework affect the catalytic activity of iron‐based hydrogenation catalysts. Particular attention is devoted to the catalyst activation process and the rate‐determining hydrogenation step. Catalyst activation occurs through CO ligand dissociation promoted by trimethylamine‐N‐oxide, generating the active iron species. The hydrogenation step, involving molecular hydrogen transfer, represents the highest energetic barrier in the catalytic cycle, although protic solvents such as ethanol or water can facilitate this process. The computational results demonstrate that appropriate substituent and ring modifications substantially lower the activation barriers, leading to improved catalytic efficiency. Parameterization by different techniques was performed to understand reactivity trends and interaction patterns.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of Symmetrical Secondary Amines From Aqueous Ammonia and Primary Alcohols Catalyzed by an Iridium Complex","authors":"Jing Lyu, Ken‐ichi Fujita","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.70862","url":null,"abstract":"A new catalytic system for <jats:italic>N,N</jats:italic> ‐dialkylation of aqueous ammonia with various primary alcohols to afford symmetrical secondary amines selectively has been developed. An iridium catalyst bearing an <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> ‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand exhibits high performance for this reaction. This catalytic system is based on the borrowing hydrogen strategy. The reaction proceeds without additional organic solvent and generates only water as the stoichiometric byproduct.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Cifuentes, Alexander Ladino‐Bejarano, Cristian Rivera‐Moyano, Jaime Portilla
{"title":"Tandem Synthesis and Photophysical Behavior of Pyrazolo[3,4‐ h ][1,6]naphthyridines: A Theoretical–Experimental Approach","authors":"Carlos Cifuentes, Alexander Ladino‐Bejarano, Cristian Rivera‐Moyano, Jaime Portilla","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.70874","url":null,"abstract":"A microwave‐assisted tandem synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4‐ <jats:italic>h</jats:italic> ][1,6]naphthyridines bearing substituents with diverse stereoelectronic character (i.e., alkyl, aryl, CN, and MeO) is reported. Products were obtained in good yields by reacting 5‐aroyl‐pyrazolo[3,4‐ <jats:italic>b</jats:italic> ]pyridines with malononitrile in methanol, where the expected Knoevenagel reaction does not proceed. Instead, a solvent molecule drives a tandem reaction that affords three tricyclic <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> ‐heteroaromatic compounds. Their molecular architecture prompted us to explore their photophysics, including solvatofluorochromism and aggregation properties. The 4‐methoxyphenyl‐substituted derivative exhibited the best behavior ( <jats:italic>ɸ</jats:italic> <jats:sub>F</jats:sub> up to 62%, with up to 80% water tolerance) due to intramolecular charge transfer within the <jats:italic>π</jats:italic> ‐extended tricyclic core; this process is notably attenuated or enhanced by the aryl substituent. Density functional theory calculations were used to interpret the experimental results, establish a mechanism for product formation, and correlate the structural and spectroscopic properties of the three synthesized tricyclic compounds.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"296 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrochemical Driven Decarboxylative Fluorination of α‐Ketoacids","authors":"Mengjiao Yang, Hao Xie, Duanyang Kong","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.70877","url":null,"abstract":"Acyl fluorides are valuable acyl transfer platforms owing to their unique reactivity and stability; however, their preparation often requires specialized fluorinating reagents, metal catalysts, or stoichiometric oxidants. Herein, we report an electrocatalytic decarboxylative fluorination of α‐ketoacids for the synthesis of acyl fluorides using inexpensive triethylamine trihydrofluoride (Et <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> N·3HF) as both the fluoride source and supporting electrolyte. Mechanistic studies support a pathway involving anodically generated acyl radicals that undergo further oxidation to acylium ions before fluoride trapping. This protocol features mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, excellent functional‐group tolerance, and gram‐scale applicability, providing a practical, economical, and sustainable approach to acyl fluorides from readily available α‐ketoacids.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}