Abhijit Sen, Atsuya Muranaka, Yu Hatakenaka, Aya Ohno, Yoichi M. A. Yamada
{"title":"Direct Conversion of Aryl Iodides Into Benzylamines by Aminomethylation: Reaction Scope, Mechanistic Studies, and Applications","authors":"Abhijit Sen, Atsuya Muranaka, Yu Hatakenaka, Aya Ohno, Yoichi M. A. Yamada","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70787","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejoc.70787","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite the high utility and value of benzylamines and their derivatives, their synthesis is hindered by a limited substrate availability and nonreusable transition-metal catalysts. To that end, this study develops an aminomethylation strategy using aryl iodides and formamides while examining the substrate scope and underlying mechanism for synthesizing benzylamines under parts-per-million-level (65 ppm) reusable palladium catalysis. This method can accommodate a wide range of substrates, including electron-rich and electron-deficient aryl, polyaryl, and heteroaryl iodides. Similarly, various formamide derivatives yield aminomethylated products. This aminomethylation strategy is used to directly synthesize biologically active molecules, such as a rivastigmine analog, and natural products, e.g., gramine. In addition, tryptamine, a serotonin receptor, and diindolylmethane, a metabolite, are successfully produced by derivatizing the aminomethylated products. Isotope-labeling experiments indicate that formamide derivatives were precursors for the reducing agent, in addition to providing both amines and carbon. A plausible catalytic pathway is proposed based on isotope-labeling experiments and density functional theory calculations, providing insights for future research and new applications in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"29 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejoc.70787","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148768591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin Baumert, Kathryn Yeow, Roi Boris Tchuemmogne Tchuente, Adam Cruise, Christopher Thomas, Thomas Bayer, Uwe T. Bornscheuer, Marcus Baumann
{"title":"Exploiting Biocatalysis for the Scalable Synthesis of Enantiopure γ-Hydroxynitrile Building Blocks","authors":"Benjamin Baumert, Kathryn Yeow, Roi Boris Tchuemmogne Tchuente, Adam Cruise, Christopher Thomas, Thomas Bayer, Uwe T. Bornscheuer, Marcus Baumann","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70782","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejoc.70782","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report the scalable biocatalyzed synthesis of γ-hydroxynitriles from their corresponding prochiral ketone precursors. Screening of a panel of alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) identified RRADH as an (<i>S</i>)-selective ADH yielding the desired products in e.e. values of 99%, whereas LSADH gave (<i>R</i>)-configured γ-hydroxynitriles (e.e. up to 95%). Optimization of this transformation allowed for reaction scale-up to 5 mmol, affording the targets in gram quantities. Moreover, the absolute configuration of the (<i>S</i>)-configured products was unambiguously established by single-crystal diffraction. This study showcases how chiral γ-hydroxynitriles can be generated from readily available γ-ketonitriles in an efficient and scalable manner, providing a robust and sustainable access to these valuable entities.</p>","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"29 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejoc.70782","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suraj Kashyap, Bharat Singh, Prabodh Ranjan, Shishir Singh, Ajit K. Gupta, Manas K. Ghorai
{"title":"Ring‐Opening Cyclization (ROC) of Aziridines With 2‐(2‐Bromophenyl)‐1 H ‐Benzimidazoles: Rotamer Analysis and Synthesis of Benzimidazole‐Fused 1,4‐Benzodiazepine","authors":"Suraj Kashyap, Bharat Singh, Prabodh Ranjan, Shishir Singh, Ajit K. Gupta, Manas K. Ghorai","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.70879","url":null,"abstract":"We report a novel strategy for the synthesis of benzimidazole‐fused 1,4‐benzodiazepine derivatives in up to excellent yields via base‐mediated nucleophilic ring‐opening of activated aziridines with 2‐(2‐bromophenyl)‐1 <jats:italic>H</jats:italic> ‐benzimidazoles, followed by a Cu‐powder‐mediated intramolecular C–N cyclization reaction. Conformational isomerism in the ring‐opening products due to restricted rotation around the N─C bond was observed. These rotameric compounds were characterized through variable‐temperature NMR (VT‐NMR) and further supported by DFT calculations.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yifan Li, Kexin Su, Yuxi Guo, Xiaohua Lei, Zixiang Wang, Qiang Wang, Ju Guo, Yongsheng Zheng
{"title":"Hydrosilylation of Nitrones With Trichlorosilane: Preparation of Hydroxylamines","authors":"Yifan Li, Kexin Su, Yuxi Guo, Xiaohua Lei, Zixiang Wang, Qiang Wang, Ju Guo, Yongsheng Zheng","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.70812","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herein, we describe a novel catalyst- and transition-metal-free method for the hydrosilylation of nitrones with trichlorosilane. A variety of hydroxylamines (38 examples) were obtained in moderate to good yields (28%–88%) with broad substrate compatibility under mild and operationally simple conditions. Control experiments confirm that the inherent directing groups of nitrones plays a pivotal role in bridging the reactants and facilitating the reaction. Furthermore, the synthetic utility of this method is demonstrated by gram-scale synthesis and elaboration of the products.</p>","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"29 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiaji Zhao, Wei Xu, Yanshuang Lin, Jiapeng Sun, Hua Cao
{"title":"c-Met/DDR1 Dual-Target Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Featuring an Imidazo[1,2-A]pyridine Core","authors":"Jiaji Zhao, Wei Xu, Yanshuang Lin, Jiapeng Sun, Hua Cao","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70796","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejoc.70796","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this contribution, we report the design, synthesis, and bioactivity evaluation of a novel class of dual-target tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKIs). By linking imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with a commonly used cyclopropanecarboxylic acid pharmacophore fragment, a number of novel potential TKIs were synthesized. Aryl and heteroaryl side chains with different electron-withdrawing groups and electron-donating groups were introduced to the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring to evaluate the inhibitory effects against Huh-7 and HepG2 tumor cells. The research results showed that compound 10a with a pyridine side-chain exhibited better in vitro inhibitory effects against Huh-7 and HepG2 cells than cabozantinib. Cell cloning and cell scratch experiments indicated that 10a significantly hampered the tumor cell proliferation and migration and exhibited comparable cytotoxicity against normal cells. Through a selectivity profile study on a 217 kinase panel, cellular-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (<i>c</i>-Met) and discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) were identified to be the potential targets of compound 10a.</p>","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"29 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amit Kumar Verma, Anuj Yadav, Devendra Singh Negi, Surendra Puri
{"title":"Strategic Formation of Indoles Using Phenyl Hydrazine as a Key Reagent","authors":"Amit Kumar Verma, Anuj Yadav, Devendra Singh Negi, Surendra Puri","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.70878","url":null,"abstract":"Indole formation from phenylhydrazine represents one of the most versatile and mechanistically rich domains in heterocyclic synthesis, bridging classical Fischer indolisation with emerging transition‐metal‐catalyzed and tandem methodologies. Transition‐metal catalysis, such as Rh(III), Ru(II), and Co(III) complexes, has been used for C─H activation, oxidative annulation, and redox‐neutral coupling that yield high selectivity and diverse functional group‐containing indoles. Moreover, hydroformylation‐assisted Fischer reactions, ligand‐controlled rearrangements, and acid‐promoted condensations have demonstrated controllable C2/C3‐substitution and regioselectivity across alkenes, aldehydes, and cyclic precursors. Collectively, these advancements establish phenyl hydrazine as a robust scaffold for the synthesis of multifaceted indoles. This review encompasses alkyne, alcohol, ester, ketone, carboxamide acid, alkene, cyclic ether, and aldehyde routes to diversely substituted indoles.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"11218 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient Synthesis of Cannabinoid Acids","authors":"Ryosuke Arai, Hikari Nishiguchi, Kayo Nakamura, Hiroko Abe, Akihiko Ishida, Manabu Tokeshi, Kyohei Higashi, Akiyoshi Saitoh, Hideyo Takahashi","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.70860","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabinoid acids are the carboxylic acid precursors of cannabinoids, which are present in high abundance in fresh cannabis plants. During heating and storage, cannabinoid acids undergo decarboxylation to produce the corresponding cannabinoids. Cannabinoid acids have been prepared through the reaction of cannabinoids with methyl magnesium carbonate (MMC); however, this method has a limited substrate scope, and Δ <jats:sup>9</jats:sup> ‐tetrahydrocannabinolic acid cannot be produced using this approach. In this study, an alternative synthesis of cannabinoid acids was developed based on an <jats:italic>O</jats:italic> → <jats:italic>C</jats:italic> acyl rearrangement. Specifically, this strategy involved regioselective bromination followed by halogen–lithium exchange and intramolecular nucleophilic addition, which led to successful carboxylation. The key reaction was identified as a regioselective bromination using cyclopentyl methyl ether as the optimal solvent, affording the 2‐brominated product in high yield. This rearrangement strategy enabled the efficient synthesis of cannabinoid acids from cannabinoids.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photochemical Synthesis of Dihydropyrido[1,2‐ a :3,4‐ b ′]diindole Derivatives","authors":"Kai‐Rong Chen, Yin‐Jiu Zhao, Shuang Chen, Jun‐Nan Xu, Qin Ma, Yan‐Chuan Gong, Jie Zhang, Liang Guo","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.70882","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, we report a photochemical method for the intramolecular cyclization of N‐(substituted benzoyl)‐1‐substituted‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines. This transformation relies on photoexcitation of the substrate itself in the absence of external photocatalysts, with catalytic <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> ‐toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) facilitating the cyclization process. This reaction provides a straightforward and practical approach for the synthesis of dihydro‐pyrido[1,2‐ <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> :3,4‐ <jats:italic>b</jats:italic> ′]diindoles. We investigate the substrate scope by varying substituents at the <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> and <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> <jats:sup>9</jats:sup> positions of the starting materials. A variety of dihydro‐pyrido[1,2‐ <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> :3,4‐ <jats:italic>b</jats:italic> ′]diindoles were successfully synthesized in moderate to excellent yields (up to 84%). Substrates bearing alkyl, aryl, polysubstituted, and fused‐ring moieties are well tolerated. Furthermore, the synthetic practicability of this protocol is validated by a gram‐scale reaction.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subhajit Chakraborty, Afsana Pervin, Nanda D. Paul
{"title":"Advances in NN Bond Formation: Mechanistic Diversity and Emerging Catalytic Strategies","authors":"Subhajit Chakraborty, Afsana Pervin, Nanda D. Paul","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.70839","url":null,"abstract":"The nitrogen–nitrogen (NN) bond is ubiquitous in organic compounds, yet efficient synthetic strategies for the direct construction of NN bonds remain challenging. Well‐known approaches, such as oxidative dehydrogenative coupling (ODC) and reductive coupling (RC), have provided valuable routes for forming NN linkages. Nitrene transfer strategies emerged as a complementary and increasingly versatile platform. The distinct electronic structures of classical closed‐shell nitrenoids (Fischer‐ and Schrock‐type), open‐shell nitrene radical intermediates, and photochemically generated nitrene species primarily govern NN bond‐forming selectivity. The use of electrochemical, photochemical, and biocatalytic approaches continues to expand the scope of sustainable synthetic chemistry. This review summarizes recent advances in ODC, RC, nitrene transfer chemistry, photochemical, electrochemical, and enzymatic approaches for NN bond formation, with particular emphasis on reaction design, mechanistic insights, and synthetic applications.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marko Jeran, Arnald Grabulosa, Barbara Mohar, Michel Stephan
{"title":"[Metal–(Nitrogen and/or OxygenPhosphorus‐Based Ligand)]‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β‐Amido β‐Substituted Acrylic Esters and Phosphoro Analogs: A Practical Literature Overview","authors":"Marko Jeran, Arnald Grabulosa, Barbara Mohar, Michel Stephan","doi":"10.1002/ejoc.70565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.70565","url":null,"abstract":"The advent in catalysis of enantiopure (N and/or O)P‐monodentate, bis(N and/or O)P‐, and (N and/or O)P,P‐bidentate ligands is recounted. In particular, their transition‐metal‐complex‐enabled enantioselective CC hydrogenation of archetypal β‐amido β‐(alkyl or aryl)‐vinylcarboxylic esters, phosphonates, and phosphine oxide analogs is reviewed. The efficient P‐ligands are juxtaposed with their reported attained enantioselectivity per substrate alongside the screening conditions. Additional literature pertaining to the asymmetric hydrogenation of the said phosphonates, employing enantiopure diphosphine ligands, is included.","PeriodicalId":167,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}