Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Models Estimating the Effects of Changes in the Concentration of Specific Climatic Pollutants and Temperature on the Prevalence of Acute Ophthalmic Inflammatory Conditions: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Observational Study.","authors":"Monika Sarnat-Kucharczyk, Dorota Wyględowska-Promieńska, Sudi Patel","doi":"10.1155/joph/7498511","DOIUrl":"10.1155/joph/7498511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Air pollution is a major environmental health risk linked to systemic and ocular diseases, including conjunctivitis, keratitis, and dry eye disease. Pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and diesel exhaust particles have been associated with an increased prevalence of acute ophthalmic inflammatory conditions (AOICs). Identifying key pollutants may help reduce the prevalence of AOICs.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between atmospheric pollution and AOICs by identifying pollutants with the most consistent impact on AOIC prevalence, developing predictive models to estimate their composite effect, and assessing model accuracy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed cases of AOICs from the Eye Emergency Department in Katowice (2011-2019). Diagnoses were classified into subgroups using ICD-10 codes and ophthalmologic evaluation. Annual prevalence was correlated with average pollutant levels and temperature via linear and multiple regression. Significant associations informed predictive models, assessed for accuracy using limits of agreement (±1.96 × SD), with <i>p</i> < 0.05 as the significance threshold.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2011 and 2019, over 60,000 cases of AOICs were identified among nearly 95,000 emergency visits. The most frequent diagnoses included conjunctivitis (46.8%), keratitis (26.4%), and blepharitis (14.1%). Multiple regression analyses revealed that the prevalence of several AOIC subtypes was significantly associated with mean annual concentrations of specific pollutants and/or temperature.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Formaldehyde, CO, SO₂, PM₂.₅, and PM₁₀ were significantly linked to inflammatory ocular conditions, with stronger associations after excluding noninflammatory cases and conjunctivitis. These findings highlight the role of environmental monitoring in predicting or reducing serious eye inflammation, supporting further large-scale research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7498511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148813311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CircMETTL3 Inhibits H₂O₂-Induced Senescence, Oxidative Stress, and DNA Damage in ARPE-19 Cells via miR-100/BMPR2 Axis.","authors":"Xiangyang Xin, Xin Zhao, Feng Ling, Liru Qin, Xinyue Liu, Changhe Liu","doi":"10.1155/joph/3194421","DOIUrl":"10.1155/joph/3194421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common degenerative eye disease that eventually leads to irreversible vision loss. CircRNAs have received increasing attention for their regulatory role in AMD. In this study, whole transcriptome sequencing identified differentially expressed circRNA (circMETTL3) in AMD. Previous studies have unlocked the potential mechanism of circMETTL3 in cancer, but its role in AMD has not been studied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ARPE-19 cells treated with H₂O₂ were used as the AMD cell model. The senescence, oxidative stress, and DNA damage of ARPE-19 cells were determined by SA-β-gal staining, DCFH-DA staining, and IF assay. The levels of RPE-specific markers or mRNA levels were assessed using western blot assay. The potential mechanism of circMETTL3 was investigated by luciferase reporting assay and RIP assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CircMETTL3 was revealed to decrease in AMD cell models. The addition of circMETTL3 decreased SA-β-gal staining and ROS production and facilitated cell viability in H₂O₂-treated ARPE-19 cells. Moreover, γH2AX and KRT18 levels were suppressed, and TJP1, BEST1, and CTNNB1 protein levels were increased by circMETTL3 addition. In addition, circMETTL3 could bind to and negatively regulate miR-100. Overexpression of miR-100 exacerbated senescence, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in H₂O₂-treated ARPE-19 cells, which reversed the effects of circMETTL3. Furthermore, BMPR2 was targeted by miR-100. Overexpression of BMPR2 inhibited H₂O₂-induced cell damage in ARPE-19 cells, which reversed the effects of miR-100.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In sum, these findings demonstrated that the circMETTL3/miR-100/BMPR2 axis plays a vital regulatory role in AMD development.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3194421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13492049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal Deep Learning for Diabetic Retinopathy: A Survey.","authors":"Genyan Qin, Qinghua Peng, Yasha Zhou, Jun Peng, Qing Liu, Jian Xu","doi":"10.1155/joph/4612172","DOIUrl":"10.1155/joph/4612172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains a leading cause of blindness globally, driving the rapid development of automated diagnostic systems leveraging deep learning. Recent research demonstrates that multimodal deep learning models that integrate retinal images, electronic health records (EHR), and clinical text data can surpass single-modality approaches in DR screening accuracy. In this survey, we systematically review advances from the last 3 years, highlighting key models and methodologies, as well as datasets and evaluation metrics. We find multimodal approaches consistently outperform single-modality models, and often by a clear margin, and identify data scarcity, domain adaptation, and interpretability as the three main hurdles ahead.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4612172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13492048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of a Modified Trabeculectomy Technique With Standard Trabeculectomy in Respect to Effectivity and Complication Rates.","authors":"Suzan Doğruya, Ömer Can Kayıkçıoğlu, Özcan Rasim Kayıkçıoğlu","doi":"10.1155/joph/2758247","DOIUrl":"10.1155/joph/2758247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the results of modified trabeculectomy with a central scleral gutter under the flap and releasable suture with standard trabeculectomy for open angle glaucoma cases.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This retrospective comparative case series evaluated the outcomes of modified trabeculectomy in 32 eyes and standard trabeculectomy in 44 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma or pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. Success was defined as achieving an intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤ 21 mmHg with or without the use of IOP-lowering eyedrops and no need for additional glaucoma surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 20 men (62.5%) and 12 women (37.5%), with a mean age of 61.9 ± 10.5 years in the modified trabeculectomy group and 27 men (61.4%) and 17 women (38.6%), with a mean age of 62.3 ± 9.8 years in the standard trabeculectomy group. Modified trabeculectomy group had a preoperative IOP of 26.9 ± 8.1 mmHg and a postoperative IOP of 15.3 ± 4.1 mmHg (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with an average follow-up period of 38.5 ± 17.2 months. Patients undergoing standard trabeculectomy had a preoperative IOP of 26.7 ± 8.7 mmHg and a postoperative IOP of 14.5 ± 4.6 mmHg (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with an average follow-up period of 42.4 ± 9.4 months. The success rate was 97.7% in the standard trabeculectomy group and 96.8% in the modified trabeculectomy group. In the modified trabeculectomy group, 30 (93.7%) had no complications, compared to 33 (75%) in the standard trabeculectomy group (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Anterior chamber shallowing was observed in 2 eyes (6.3%) in the modified trabeculectomy group, whereas the standard trabeculectomy group exhibited a broader complication profile, including anterior chamber shallowing in 4 eyes (9.0%), needling revision in 3 eyes (6.8%), hyphema in 2 eyes (4.5%), and choroidal detachment in 2 eyes (4.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The modified trabeculectomy surgery lowers IOP effectively with a lower incidence of postoperative surgical complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2758247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13485356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutraceutical Intervention of Probiotics in Vision Science: A Systematic Review of Evolving Perspective.","authors":"Sankhajyoti Saha, Moubani Dutta, Agnihiya Bosu","doi":"10.1155/joph/5690407","DOIUrl":"10.1155/joph/5690407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Probiotics are active elements of the gastrointestinal tract that, when administered in adequate quantities, confer prolonged health efficacy on host organisms by enhancing the equilibrium of their gut microbiota (GM). This GM regulates numerous aspects of human wellness and is required for sustaining metabolic equilibrium. A gut-eye axis is a bidirectional mechanism that suggests an interaction between intestinal microbiota and the eyes, which is robust to microbial cultures like ocular surface microbiota (OSM). This review integrated PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science through a systematic approach and probed the therapeutic efficacy of the human microbiota against the gut-eye homeostasis, which enables the invasion and growth of bacteria in the ocular region, triggering inflammation and deranging regional intestinal immune stability, molecular resemblance, and the subsequent decrease of acceptability concerning ocular antigens. Immunomodulation of the microenvironment and improving the human gut microbiota (HGM) are keys to reducing infections. Probiotics with antibacterial properties, unlike microorganisms that induce eye infections, may significantly reduce infections, making them a potential alternative to antibiotics. The antibacterial activity of probiotic strains significantly reduced bacterial growth, suggesting clinical promise for some chronic neurodegenerative diseases related to commensal bacteria, particularly through immune modulation, nutritional competition, or inhibitory chemical production. Well-designed clinical experiments in future could explore the antimicrobial spectrum of each strain and how probiotics respond to different pathogens. With optimal delivery methods, an evaluator will likely pave the way for personalized probiotic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5690407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13482040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Evaluation of Peripapillary Structure and Microcirculation in Children and Adolescents With Myopia.","authors":"Shaojin Zhu, Yunyi Wang, Mengqian Cai, Chi Xie, Yan Fang","doi":"10.1155/joph/5746498","DOIUrl":"10.1155/joph/5746498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To characterize alterations in peripapillary structural and microvascular features in children and adolescents with myopia across different stages of severity using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted with the enrollment of 106 eyes from 54 children. Three groups of Group A (AL ≤ 24 mm, 34 eyes), Group B (24 < AL < 25 mm, 37 eyes), and Group C (AL ≥ 2 5 mm, 35 eyes) were established based on the axial length (AL) of the included participants. All participants completed a standardized ophthalmic examination protocol, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), autorefraction, AL and SS-OCTA. The specific parameters were the peripapillary retinal thickness (pRT), peripapillary choroidal thickness (pCT), peripapillary superficial vascular complex density (pSVD), peripapillary deep vascular complex density (pDVD), peripapillary choroidal vessel volume (pCVV) and peripapillary choroidal vascular index (pCVI). Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significant differences in pRT within the NS, NI, IT, TS, and ST regions with increasing AL (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The value of pCT decreased in the IT, TI, TS, and ST regions, while pDVD declined in the NS, IT, TI, TS, and ST regions, and pCVV decreased in the NS, NI, IN, IT, TI, and TS regions. Conversely, pSVD increased in the NS, NI, IT, TI, TS, and ST regions (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, significant positive correlations were found between pRT and pSVD, pDVD and pCT, pCVV and pCT, pCVV and pDVD, as well as pCVI and pCVV (<i>R</i> = 0.346, 0.297, 0.946, 0.298, and 0.361, all <i>p</i> < 0.05, respectively). Meanwhile, significant negative correlations were observed between AL and pCT, AL and pDVD, AL and pCVV, pRT and pDVD, pRT and pCVI, pSVD and pDVD, as well as pSVD and pCVV (<i>R</i> = -0.304, -0.236, -0.288, -0.402, -0.195, -0.332, and -0.203, all <i>p</i> < 0.05, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The pRT shows a significant thinning trend when AL exceeds 25 mm. AL has negative correlations with pCT and pDVD, but positive correlations with pSVD in the IT, TI, ST, and TS regions. These findings highlight the potential of peripapillary structural parameters for monitoring myopia progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5746498"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13478733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-Year Outcome of Vitreous Cortex Remnants Removal Using a Nitinol Flex Loop for Recurrent Retinal Detachment Patients.","authors":"Zhan Xie, Yifan Lin, Haiyue Xie, Mulong Du, Hongfei Xu, Ping Xie","doi":"10.1155/joph/6880659","DOIUrl":"10.1155/joph/6880659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the 1-year outcome of vitreous cortex remnants (VCRs) removal using a nitinol flex loop during pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in the treatment of recurrent retinal detachment (rRD).</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A total of 95 eyes from 95 patients with rRD with the intraoperative evidence of VCRs were retrospectively analyzed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Vitreous visualization was enhanced with triamcinolone. The presence of VCRs was determined by gently scraping the retinal surface with a disposable nitinol loop. Patients were divided into two groups: conventional PPV with the aid of vitrectomy probe and intraocular forceps between January 2022 and December 2022 (Group A, 41 eyes), and PPV assisted by the FINESSE Flex loop for VCRs removal between January 2023 and December 2023 (Group B, 54 eyes). Outcomes were assessed during follow-ups at postoperative 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Primary outcomes included vitrectomy duration, single-surgery anatomic success rate, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group B had a significantly shorter vitrectomy duration compared to Group A (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The incidence of intraoperative iatrogenic retinal breaks was significantly lower in Group B (3.7%) than in Group A (22.0%) (<i>p</i> = 0.015). Other intraoperative complications, including focal retinal hemorrhage and inadvertent lens touch, were comparable between groups (all <i>p</i> > 0.05). No cases of iatrogenic rhegmatogenous RD or vitreous hemorrhage were observed in either group. The single-surgery anatomic success rate was higher in Group B (98.1%) than in Group A (85.4%) (<i>p</i> = 0.049). No significant differences were found in the total number of RD surgeries or final BCVA between groups (<i>p</i> = 0.076 and <i>p</i> = 0.109, respectively). During the follow-up, unattached retinas occurred in 6 eyes in Group A and 1 eye in Group B; ocular hypertension was noted in 2 eyes in Group A and 3 in Group B.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Use of the FINESSE Flex loop during PPV for rRD allows a shorter surgical duration, a lower incidence of iatrogenic retinal breaks, and a higher single-surgery anatomic success rate, without increasing postoperative complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6880659"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148689191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seminuclear Flip Phacoemulsification for Soft Nuclear Cataract Surgery: A New Soft Nucleus Cataract Chopping Technique.","authors":"Han Wang, Zebin Li, Rubing Liu, Furong Luo, Jifa Kuang, Jing Yang, Beiling Tan, Hong He, Mingbing Zeng","doi":"10.1155/joph/9448941","DOIUrl":"10.1155/joph/9448941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To introduce and evaluate the seminuclear flip phacoemulsification (SNFP), a new soft nucleus cataract phacoemulsification surgical technique, in comparison with the conventional quick-chop phacoemulsification (QCP).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective observational study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>According to the Emery-Little Classification System for grading nuclear opacity, 176 cases with nuclear hardness of Grades 1 and 2 were divided into two groups; one group received SNFP, and the control group underwent QCP. The intraoperative ultrasound time, ultrasound energy, complications, postoperative best-corrected visual acuity, central corneal thickness, and central corneal endothelial cell density were evaluated to determine the advantages of the new technique over conventional surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ultrasound time was significantly shorter in the SNFP group than in the QCP group (<i>p</i> = 0.01). The difference in the ultrasound energy between the groups was not statistically significant. Two cases of posterior capsule rupture were observed in the QCP group, while no such case was observed in the SNFP group. There was no significant difference in visual acuity or central corneal thickness between the two groups before the operation or 1 day, 7 days, or 1 month after the operation. There was no significant difference in the density of central corneal endothelial cells between the two groups before and 1 month after the operation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SNFP can improve the efficiency of phacoemulsification and reduce the complication risk in soft nucleus cataract surgery. <b>Trial Registration:</b> Chinese Registry of Clinical Trials: ChiCTR2200063495.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9448941"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13425044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148653843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of Inherited Retinal Diseases Using Artificial Intelligence Models for Fundus Autofluorescence and Ultrawide Retinal Images.","authors":"Han Trinh, Muhammad Ibrahim, Jason Charng, Zahra Tajbakhsh, Fred K Chen, Ajmal Mian, Khyber Alam","doi":"10.1155/joph/8810684","DOIUrl":"10.1155/joph/8810684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. Although artificial intelligence (AI) shows potential for disease classification, progress is limited by small datasets, reliance on labelled data and limited integration of multiple imaging modalities. RETFound, a foundation model pretrained on over 900,000 fundus photographs, may address these limitations. While RETFound is based on the transformer architecture, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), such as ResNet and EfficientNet_B0, have also demonstrated strong performance in classifying retinal diseases. This study adapted RETFound and CNNs for analysing fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and pseudocolour ultra-widefield (UWF) images, establishing a framework to classify IRDs.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>Deidentified FAF and UWF images were obtained from controls and patients with Best disease, rod-cone dystrophy, Stargardt disease and choroideremia. Images underwent preprocessing and were used to fine-tune RETFound. Model performance was compared with classical machine learning algorithms (logistic regression, support vector machine, gradient boosting and random forest) and deep learning architectures (ResNet18, ResNet50, vision transformer, EfficientNet_B0 and ConvNeXt-Tiny) pretrained on ImageNet.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fine-tuned RETFound model achieved an accuracy of 0.815, with the best performance for rod-cone dystrophy (F1 = 0.820). RETFound outperformed classical machine learning models and a vision transformer pretrained on ImageNet. ResNet18 achieved a weighted F1 of 0.839 and demonstrated the best classification performance for Stargardt disease and choroideremia (F1 0.821 and 0.728, respectively). ResNet50 achieved a weighted F1 of 0.825 and demonstrated the best classification performance for normal retinas and Best disease (F1 0.945 and 0.616, respectively). ResNet architectures achieved the best performance overall.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ResNet architectures and fine-tuned RETFound both demonstrated strong accuracy in classifying IRD classes, demonstrating potential for clinical application and deployment in eye care settings as tools for IRD diagnosis, triage and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8810684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148653893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPI1 Promotes TNF-α-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Like Changes in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.","authors":"Xingyi Zhang, Hua Liu","doi":"10.1155/joph/8106992","DOIUrl":"10.1155/joph/8106992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive degenerative disease of the retinal macula associated with aging, which is one of the main causes of vision loss in the elderly. This research aims to investigate the mechanism of SPI1 in EMT of RPE cells in AMD, providing new targets for AMD treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>SPI1, ALKBH5, and NURR1 expression was assayed by RT-qPCR and Western blot in AMD patients and cell models. The relationship between SPI1 expression and clinical features of AMD patients was analyzed, and the correlations among SPI1, ALKBH5, and NURR1 were analyzed. The diagnostic value of SPI1 in AMD was verified via ROC curve. ROS levels were detected. N-cadherin and E-cadherin were detected by Western blot. Cell migration was detected by transwell assay. The binding of SPI1 to ALKBH5 in cells was verified. m6A levels on NURR1 were detected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SPI1 and ALKBH5 were highly expressed, while NURR1 was lowly expressed in TNF-α-induced human RPE cells. SPI1 expression was correlated with age and staging of AMD patients. SPI1 expression exhibited a positive association with ALKBH5 expression, while showing a negative association with NURR1 expression. After downregulation of SPI1, N-cadherin was downregulated, E-cadherin was upregulated, ROS levels were decreased, and cell migration was reduced. SPI1 promoted ALKBH5 expression, and ALKBH5 downregulated NURR1 expression via m6A modification. ALKBH5 overexpression or NURR1 downregulation partially reversed the attenuating effect of SPI1 downregulation on EMT-like changes in RPE cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SPI1 stimulates EMT-like changes of RPE cells via the ALKBH5/NURR1 axis. This pathway may participate in AMD-related pathological processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8106992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13420347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}