Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"The Clinical Significance of Imaging Biomarkers Discoverable by Anomaly Detection Methods in Retinal Diseases: A Review.","authors":"Anna M Wittmann, Philipp Seeböck, Katharina A Heger, Daniel Egger, Georg Langs, Sebastian M Waldstein","doi":"10.1155/joph/9792133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/joph/9792133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The increasing prevalence of vision-threatening retinal diseases poses a growing challenge on healthcare systems worldwide, underscoring the need for effective strategies in disease diagnosis and management. Unsupervised artificial intelligence (AI) approaches, such as anomaly detection, offer the potential to identify established and novel retinal imaging biomarkers. They reduce reliance on expert-driven annotations, mitigate bias, and overcome the limitations of predefined disease categories. Moreover, when integrated into clinical workflows, they have the potential to enhance practical applicability by supporting efficient screening, longitudinal disease monitoring, and objective assessment of treatment response.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review examines the role of anomaly detection for discovering clinically relevant retinal imaging biomarkers, by categorizing biomarkers according to their underlying pathophysiology, summarizing the spectrum of anomaly detection methods applied in the field, and highlighting biomarkers that have been identified through these approaches.</p><p><strong>Critical appraisal: </strong>Current anomaly detection methods favor the identification of established biomarkers characterized by strong intensity contrasts and well-defined structural boundaries, while more subtle abnormalities remain difficult to capture. Future research should prioritize integrating large language models (LLMs), foundation methods, multimodality, and few-shot anomaly detection, and increase explainability to advance the clinical application of anomaly detection for retinal imaging biomarker discovery in ophthalmology.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9792133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13140303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Outcomes of Pars Plana Vitrectomy With and Without Adjunct Laser Photocoagulation in Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy.","authors":"Mehmet Sahin Sevim, Semra Sevim","doi":"10.1155/joph/3889015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/joph/3889015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Optic disc pit maculopathy (ODP-M) is a rare condition that can lead to progressive visual impairment. Although pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) has become the mainstay of treatment, the additional benefit of adjunct peripapillary laser photocoagulation remains controversial. We hypothesized that adjunct laser photocoagulation does not provide additional anatomical or functional benefit when combined with PPV and gas tamponade. This study aimed to compare the anatomical and functional outcomes of PPV with and without adjunct peripapillary endolaser photocoagulation in the management of ODP-M.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective comparative study included 19 eyes of 17 patients who underwent PPV with gas tamponade for ODP-M between January 2013 and August 2024. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether endolaser photocoagulation was applied to the temporal margin of the optic disc during surgery. Pre- and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), and anatomical outcomes were compared between groups. Anatomical success was defined as complete resolution of subretinal and/or intraretinal fluid on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean postoperative follow-up duration was 20 months (range, 12-36 months). Anatomical success was achieved in 9 of 10 eyes (90%) in the laser group and 8 of 9 eyes (89%) in the nonlaser group (<i>p</i> = 1.00). The mean postoperative BCVA was 0.40 ± 0.27 logMAR and 0.41 ± 0.24 logMAR, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.82). Both groups showed significant visual improvement compared to baseline, but there were no intergroup differences in BCVA or CRT changes. No intraoperative or postoperative complications such as retinal detachment, macular hole formation, or endophthalmitis were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PPV with gas tamponade provides favorable anatomical and functional outcomes in ODP-M. The addition of endolaser photocoagulation does not yield further benefit and may be unnecessary in standard PPV-based management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3889015"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Retinal Artery Occlusion.","authors":"Tetsuya Muto, Shigeki Machida, Shinichiro Imaizumi, Tetsuju Sekiryu","doi":"10.1155/joph/5740618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/joph/5740618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of retinal artery occlusion (RAO), including branch RAO (BRAO) and central RAO (CRAO), among new patients before and after the declaration of a state of emergency due to coronavirus disease 2019 (April 7, 2020) in Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>New patients and patients with newly diagnosed RAO were categorized into \"Before\" and \"After\" groups based on the initial visit. The prevalence, sex ratio, and age of patients newly diagnosed with RAO were compared between the groups. The rates of patients newly diagnosed with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEX) were also examined in the Before and After groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 53 and 31 patients with BRAO and 55 and 40 patients with CRAO in the Before and After groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in prevalence of RAOs among newly diagnosed patients (BRAO: <i>p</i> = 0.449; CRAO: <i>p</i> = 0.060), patients with RRD (BRAO: <i>p</i> = 0.425; CRAO: <i>p</i> = 0.082), or patients with PEX (BRAO: <i>p</i> = 0.317; CRAO: <i>p</i> = 0.072), as well as in sex ratio and age. Although initial best-corrected visual acuity (BRAO: <i>p</i> = 0.303; CRAO: <i>p</i> = 0.291) of RAOs showed no significant differences, the final best-corrected visual acuity in BRAO significantly worsened in the After group (<i>p</i> = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic did not affect the prevalence of RAOs among new patients compared with that of RRD and PEX, it may have affected its pathophysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5740618"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13141676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial Variations in Retinal Oxygen Metabolic Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Katherine Tavasoli, Sophie Leahy, Norman P Blair, Farzan Abdolahi, Anthony E Felder, Mahnaz Shahidi","doi":"10.1155/joph/5621029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/joph/5621029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Previous studies have reported that race affects the prevalence and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). In this pilot study, we tested the hypothesis that there are associations between race and retinal oxygen metabolic biomarkers in subjects without diabetes or with diabetes at early stages of DR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 104 subjects participated and were categorized into one of three diagnosis groups: nondiabetic (ND), diabetic without clinical DR (NDR), or diabetic with mild nonproliferative DR (mild NPDR). Subjects were also classified according to race as Asian (AS), African American (AA), Hispanic White (HW), or non-HW (NHW). Retinal oxygen metabolic biomarkers, namely, inner retinal oxygen delivery (DO₂), metabolism (MO₂), and extraction fraction (OEF), were determined by multimodal imaging (oximetry and Doppler optical coherence tomography).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significant interactions of race and diagnosis group on retinal oxygen metabolic biomarkers. The effect of diagnosis group on MO₂ was significant in the AS group, such that MO₂ was lower in the NDR than in mild NPDR. The diagnosis group did not have a significant effect on DO₂, OEF, or MO₂ in other races. In the ND group, there was no significant effect of race on MO₂, while DO₂ was marginally higher in HW than NHW. OEF was higher in AS than in HW and NHW. In the NDR group, there was no significant effect of race on OEF or MO₂, while DO₂ was higher in AA than AS, HW, and NHW. In mild NPDR, MO₂ and OEF were higher in AS than NHW, and DO₂ was not significantly affected by race.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The preliminary findings demonstrated associations of race with retinal oxygen metabolic biomarkers, underscoring the necessity for future studies in larger cohorts with the inclusion of potential confounding factors to establish normal baselines according to race that are needed for considering racial differences for clinical evaluation of DR.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5621029"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13140414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Severity of Hypermetropia and Astigmatism Among Druze Children From the Golan Heights.","authors":"Avi Schwalb, Aviv Vidan, Michael Yulish, Yuval Cohen, Otzem Chassid","doi":"10.1155/joph/9259218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/joph/9259218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Refractive errors in childhood, if untreated, may lead to long-term visual and developmental complications. Studies have shown differences in the prevalence and severity of refractive errors among various ethnic groups.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the prevalence and severity of hypermetropia and astigmatism among Druze children from the Golan Heights compared to the general population in northern Israel.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective clinic-based analysis of 1116 children aged 1-12 years, examined at the Pediatric Ophthalmology Clinic at Ziv Medical Center between 2016 and 2018. Subjects were divided into groups based on their place of residence. Prevalence of hypermetropia and astigmatism was compared between groups using chi-square tests, and severity was compared using the Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hypermetropia and astigmatism were significantly more prevalent in Druze children than in non-Druze children (60.9%, 95% CI: 54.6-66.8 vs. 48.1%, 95% CI: 44.8-51.4, <i>p</i> < 0.01 for hypermetropia; 58.8%, 95% CI: 52.6-64.9 vs. 46.8%, 95% CI: 43.5-50.1, <i>p</i> = 0.01 for astigmatism). Druze children also exhibited higher severity of both hypermetropia (<i>p</i> = 0.017) and astigmatism (<i>p</i> = 0.046) compared to non-Druze children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hypermetropia and astigmatism are more prevalent and severe in Druze children of the Golan Heights compared to the general population of northern Israel. Screening tests may be advised for this population to enable early diagnosis and treatment, thereby preventing visual and developmental complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9259218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13129503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ophthalmological Manifestations of Hereditary Amyloidosis due to Transthyretin: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Maria Luisa Fialho, Claudia Pedreira, Juliana Marback, Tonnison Silva, Marcela Costa, Luiz Eduardo Ritt","doi":"10.1155/joph/5277348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/joph/5277348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Amyloidosis involves the deposition of fibrillar proteins in tissues. Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv), caused by TTR gene mutations, affects various tissues, with ocular involvement in about 10% of patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe and quantify ocular manifestations in ATTRv through a systematic review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed studies on ocular manifestations of ATTRv, including only articles in Portuguese and English, excluding case reports, conference abstracts, and duplicates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen studies with 1792 patients were analyzed. Vitreous opacities were found in 87.5% of studies (36% frequency). Dry eye was reported in 50% (48.5% frequency) and scalloped pupil in 37.5% (35.9% frequency). Glaucoma had an average frequency of 18.2%, while amyloid deposits in the lens appeared in 37.5% of studies (25.8% frequency). Retinal hemorrhage and vascular tortuosity were less common, and conjunctival lymphangiectasia was found in one study (54.2%). The Val30Met mutation was most prevalent, noted in 92% of cases. No clear link between ocular and systemic symptoms was identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitreous opacities were the most common ocular manifestation, followed by dry eye and scalloped pupil. Further research is needed due to the limited number of representative studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5277348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13131319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147816661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision of Pachymetry Measured With a Portable High-Resolution Ultrasound, a Standard Ultrasound, and Two Scheimpflug Pachymeters.","authors":"Anqi Liu, Youhan Ao, Yanyan Zhang, Zequan Xu, Feng Liu, Lina Mei, Mei Ge, Yifei Huang, Liqiang Wang","doi":"10.1155/joph/4314297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/joph/4314297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Subject: </strong>To assess the precision (repeatability and reproducibility) and agreement of central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements by a high-resolution ultrasound (E-pach), a standard ultrasound, and two Scheimpflug pachymeters in healthy eyes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Instrument diagnostic test study. A total of 100 healthy volunteers were enrolled to measure right-eye CCT by a high-resolution ultrasound (E-pach), a standard ultrasound (A-scan device), and two Scheimpflug pachymeters (Pentacam and Corvis ST). To assess repeatability and reproducibility, the test-retest repeatability (TRT) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated. The agreement among the four devices was evaluated with Bland-Altman plots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The high-resolution ultrasound (E-pach) showed repeatability (ICC = 0.9981), interobserver reproducibility (ICC = 0.9971), and intersession reproducibility (ICC = 0.9825); the standard ultrasound and two Scheimpflug pachymeters also showed similar repeatability (all ICC ≥ 0.9679), interobserver reproducibility (all ICC ≥ 0.9730), and intersession reproducibility (all ICC ≥ 0.9647). However, the high-resolution ultrasound yielded CCT values that were obviously lower than those of the standard ultrasound and Pentacam (<i>p</i> < 0.001) but higher than those of the Corvis ST (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The 95% limits of agreement (LoA) in the Bland-Altman plots were 44.5 µm (high-resolution ultrasound vs. standard ultrasound), 34.9 µm (high-resolution ultrasound vs. Corvis CT), and 32.5 µm (high-resolution ultrasound vs. Pentacam).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The high-resolution ultrasound is a portable, reliable, and inexpensive pachymeter. However, the CCT values obtained from the high-resolution ultrasound are not interchangeable with those from Pentacam, Corvis ST, and standard ultrasound.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4314297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of Toric Intraocular Lens Implantation Using Three-Random-Point Marking Method: A Prospective Pilot Study.","authors":"Shuilian Chen, Yiliang Liu, Fulong Luo, Hongyang Zhang, Yongyi Niu","doi":"10.1155/joph/7948866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/joph/7948866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to compare the accuracy of three-random-point (TRP) marking method with the slit-lamp horizontal meridian (SHM) marking method by using an image-guided system in the positioning of a toric intraocular lens (IOL).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 60 eyes of 54 patients who underwent cataract surgery were prospectively randomized into 3 groups (each group included 20 eyes: Group 1, novice doctor and dilated pupil patient; Group 2, novice doctor and small pupil patient; and Group 3, experienced doctor and small pupil patient). Every patient was marked three points (horizontal two points and random third point) in corneal limbus with a staining blunt needle and then measured by the iTrace system. The axis deviations from the SHM method (axis A, horizontal two points method) and the TRP method (axis B, three points method) were measured by the digital image-guided navigation system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The axis deviations of each group showed a significant difference between the SHM and TRP marking methods (Group 1: SHM method: 3.05° ± 2.58° and TRP method: 0.85° ± 0.93°, <i>p</i> < 0.01; Group 2: SHM method: 2.15° ± 2.35° and TRP method: 1.05° ± 1.57°, <i>p</i> < 0.05; and Group 3: SHM method: 1.00° ± 1.84° and TRP method: 0.45° ± 1.23°, <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The TRP marking method using the iTrace aberrometer was found to be more effective and more accurate than SHM marking method in the positioning of toric IOLs before surgery. <b>Trial Registration:</b> Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2600121114.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7948866"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13121864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetic Retinopathy Detection: AI Models and Approaches.","authors":"Meftah Mohamed Mohamed Madi, Peter Clarke- Farr, Dirk Bester","doi":"10.1155/joph/8857887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/joph/8857887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major cause of vision loss worldwide, results from chronic diabetes damage to retinal blood vessels. Vision loss can be prevented if DR is detected early, but traditional retinal screening by eye care takes time and expertise. Recent advances in AI technology, including classical machine learning and deep learning, can be more accurate in DR detection. This article provides a comprehensive review of current AI models and approaches of DR screening.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and EBSCOhost using the keywords: diabetes, retinopathy, screening, and early detection. The search was limited to English language and studies published between 2020 and 2025.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings suggest that AI models have become crucial for early DR diagnosis. While traditional machine learning previously lacked effectiveness, deep learning has now significantly improved diagnostic performance. The models, such as the URNet system, the vision transformer (ViT) model, the ResNet-50 and EfficientNetB0 models, the DenseNet model, and the ResNet-18 model, have achieved high-performance metrics using publicly available datasets. DR screening devices, like ADX-DR, have shown commendable performance. The EyeArt modality demonstrated exceptional sensitivity across diverse populations, detecting around 98.5% of vision-threatening DR, while Google AI matched specialist performance in specificity and surpassed it in sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AI methods using deep learning frameworks such as CNNs have attained expert-level accuracy in DR classification, in addition to real-world validation. Semiautonomous systems like the IDx-DR and EyeArt have robust clinical performance and scalability, especially in countries with few ophthalmologists. Although research has been mainly conducted in Asia, there is a lack of research from Africa and low-income countries. Future techniques, including ensemble models and federated learning, will enhance accuracy and reliability further, aiding early diagnosis and prevention of vision loss globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8857887"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Pain and Opioid Use in Ptosis and Blepharoplasty Surgery.","authors":"Christopher Bair, Bhupendra C K Patel","doi":"10.1155/joph/7910156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/joph/7910156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to quantify the postoperative pain experience of patients undergoing ptosis repair and/or blepharoplasty and to determine the actual number of opioid pills used by patients with the goal of reducing postoperative opioid prescriptions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In Part I of the study, 40 consecutive patients undergoing eyelid surgery were asked to rate their pain levels at specified time points following surgery. In Part II of the study, each patient between November 2017 and January 2020 undergoing eyelid surgery was prescribed six narcotic pills. They were contacted at 2 weeks postsurgery and asked how many narcotic pills they actually used and whether they had used other non-narcotic analgesic methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Part I of the study, pain levels were higher in men and peaked at 6 h after surgery with an average rating of 3.8 and steadily decreased to an average of 1.1 at 7 days postprocedure. In Part II of the study, 286 patients (108 male and 178 female) were included. The mean number of narcotic pills used was 4.1, with male patients using slightly more pills than female (4.00 vs. 5.00, <i>p</i> < 0.001). 205 of 286 participants (72%) used a non-narcotic analgesic, and 49 of 286 participants (17%) indicated use of marijuana.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Blepharoplasty and ptosis repair have low levels of postoperative pain. Further, this study demonstrates that six opioid pills is a reasonable prescribing guideline and that opioid prescriptions can be safely reduced without compromising patient comfort and pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7910156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13109040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147774503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}