Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme: Current status of research and clinical translation","authors":"Mugdha Kulkarni ,&nbsp;Karthik Nadendla ,&nbsp;Ananth Pai ,&nbsp;Shashaanka Ashili ,&nbsp;Howard Maibach ,&nbsp;Jyothsna Manikkath","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor, associated with poor prognosis, high rates of recurrence and low survival spans. Existing standard-of-care regimen includes combined treatments of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. But these are challenging and exhibit contentious efficacy. The primary obstacle revolves around chemotherapy; delivery of the therapeutic agents across the highly fortified blood-brain-barrier (BBB), brain-tumor-blood-barrier and their uptake in the tumor cells remains highly challenging. Nanocarriers, within this context, can be implemented for delivering drug payloads across the physiological barriers like BBB. Owing to their small dimensions and high receptivity for surface modification, they can significantly contribute to higher drug bioavailability at tumor site through numerous active targeting approaches. In this review, we have focused specifically on lipid-based nanoparticles (LBNPs) for addressing targeted therapy in GBM. They have been perceived as attractive candidates for brain tumor targeting due to their desirable characteristics of biocompatibility, lesser toxicity, facile BBB traversal as well as achievable transport of hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic drugs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current challenges in GBM treatment and to collate the experimental findings, evidences, developments in the niche area of active GBM targeting through LBNPs for overcoming the its treatment obstacles. Additionally, the key areas where substantial efforts are needed to take this treatment path forward, have been stressed upon towards the conclusion of this work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106891"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chrysin loaded novasomes for enhanced wound healing management: In-vitro/ in-vivo evaluation","authors":"Abeer Salama ,&nbsp;Asmaa Badawy Darwish ,&nbsp;Rania Elgohary ,&nbsp;Marwa Anwar Wagdi","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of the study was to develop and evaluate novasomes (NOVs) loaded with Chrysin (CR) for the effective management of wound healing. Thin-film hydration technique was adopted for the preparation of Chrysin Novasomes (CR-NOVs). Vesicles were prepared employing cholesterol along with oleic acid and 3 types of non-ionic surfactants (Span 60, Span 40 and Tween 80) at different concentrations. CR-NOVs exhibited high CR EE%, ranging from 94.31 ± 1.35 to 99.76 ± 0.12 %. The vesicle size was between 214.5 ± 1.4 to 493.4 ± 9.8 nm. The prepared NOVs showed negative zeta potential values ranged from −16.4 ± 4.96 to −33.2 ± 3.45, confirming their good stability. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that the optimized vesicles had a spherical shape. CR release from NOVs was biphasic, and the release behavior followed Higuchi's model through diffusion mechanism<strong>.</strong> Topical application of CR-NOVs for 10 days reduced wound size and promoted wound healing activity via elevating collagen and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) synthesis as well as increasing tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1). Additionally, CR-NOVs treatments alleviated extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation by targeting matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2). These findings suggest that the created CR-NOVs may be a unique treatment that affects re-epithelization by increasing collagen and α-SMA, hence reducing the time of the wound-healing process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106886"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of chitosan-gelatin loaded with copaiba oil using nanoemulsion complex coacervation","authors":"Tailin Rieg,&nbsp;Arthur Poester Cordeiro,&nbsp;Tamara Agner,&nbsp;Angelo Oliveira Silva,&nbsp;Cintia Marangoni,&nbsp;Ricardo Antonio Francisco Machado","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The encapsulation of copaiba oil by complex coacervation from a nanoemulsion is developed herein. Copaiba oil is susceptible to degradation without adequate protection, including volatilization and heat and light-induced damage. Additionally, its potent aroma, insolubility in water, and restricted bioavailability significantly impede its clinical use, and to overcome these limitations, the copaiba oil was encapsulated. An oil-in-water nanoemulsion of copaiba oil was initially prepared using soy lecithin and type-B gelatin as surfactants. The mechanical dispersion at 1609 g produced stable copaiba oil submicrometric droplets, confirmed by dynamic light scattering and Zeta potential analysis. Subsequently, by adding chitosan to the nanoemulsion, a coacervate system was formed. Coacervate particles were obtained with high yields (approximately 90 %) at chitosan-to-gelatin ratios of 1:15 and 1:10. Optical and electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy supporting the incorporation of copaiba oil droplets into the coacervate particles. This coacervate process eliminates the need for chemical agents, enhances the stability of copaiba oil, and represents a promising avenue for its practical application in therapeutic formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106877"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PEGylated terpesomes of curcumin for prominent hepatoprotective activity: Fabrication, optimization, biochemical analysis and in vivo evaluation","authors":"Abdurrahman M. Fahmy ,&nbsp;Bander Balkhi ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Sadek ,&nbsp;Rana M. ElBishbishy ,&nbsp;Sadek Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drug induced Liver Injury (DILI) is a major problem that usually leads to dose reduction or even drug withdrawal, leading to therapeutic failures. The current study aimed to formulate curcumin (CCM) PEGylated terpesomes and demonstrate its efficacy against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)- induced liver damage and oxidative stress. A 2³ factorial design was employed and a selected formula (SPT), comprising 7.5, 0.25 and 0.5 ratios of Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG): CCM, fenchone: PEG and phosphatidyl choline: PEG, respectively was obtained. SPT exhibited satisfactory values of percentage entrapment efficiency, vesicular size and zeta potential (84.3 ± 1.9 %, 236.7 ± 5.3 nm and 33.7 ± 0.7 mV, respectively). Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed the spherical morphology of SPT vesicles, with VS like that obtained via zeta sizer. Release of CCM from SPT exhibited a biphasic pattern and obeyed Higuchian diffusion. SPT was stable in the refrigerator for up to three months. The biochemical analysis study revealed the superior hepatoprotective effect of CCM SPT compared to its aqueous suspension against CCl₄-induced liver damage and oxidative stress. The decrease in Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alanine transaminase (ALT) and the increase in Glutathione (GSH) were 76 and 68.1 % and 9-folds vs 19.7 and 9.8 % and 1.6-folds, for CCM SPT and CCM aqueous suspension, respectively. Thus, SPT is considered a promising safe and effective hepatoprotective formula against DILI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106876"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and Anti-Alzheimer’s Effect of Donepezil-Loaded Chitosan/Polyethylene Glycol Nanospheres","authors":"Gita Parviz ,&nbsp;Ece Guler ,&nbsp;Ayse Nur Hazar Yavuz ,&nbsp;Humeyra Betul Yekeler ,&nbsp;Esra Tatar ,&nbsp;Feyza Kocar ,&nbsp;Sinan Sermet ,&nbsp;Asima Asghar ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Wang ,&nbsp;Fakhera Ikram ,&nbsp;Deepak M. Kalaskar ,&nbsp;Muhammet Emin Cam","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among numerous dysfunctions associated with Alzheimer’s disease, cholinergic deficiency has been postulated as evidently influential. Despite donepezil’s ability to decelerate disease progression, drug’s pharmacokinetics interfere with its efficacy and, therefore, pharmacological outcome. Given the recent advancements in the pharmaceutical nanotechnology, the associated shortcomings can be resolved by using nanomedicine. Herein, this project developed donepezil-loaded polymeric nanospheres consisted of chitosan (Cs) and chitosan/polyethylene glycol (Cs/PEG) composition that provided controlled drug release for 12 h. The morphological investigation showed well-defined spherical nanospheres with internal solid core covered by a porous surface. The lowest mean particle size observed in virgin Cs/PEG nanospheres was 136.6 ± 17.5 nm. Molecular, structural, and thermal investigations proposed high compatibility between the drug and matrix. The Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic release model was observed in drug-loaded nanosphere types. <em>In vitro</em> cytosafety was confirmed with a MTT assay on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Additionally, the potential anti-Alzheimer efficacy of the impregnated nanospheres were demonstrated on <em>in vitro</em> Aβ_1-42-induced Alzheimer model. The overall conclusion suggests the feasibly, safety, and efficacy of the developed drug delivery system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106887"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pharmaceutical industry survey results on the cycle time, drivers and enablers, for key deliverables in the early phase of drug product development from dose limiting toxicity to first subject first dose: The survey conducted by the IQ cycle time benchmarking working group","authors":"Gossett A. Campbell ,&nbsp;Stephanie E. Barrett ,&nbsp;Seema Thakral ,&nbsp;Michael Lowinger ,&nbsp;Fried Faassen ,&nbsp;Kirk A. Vander Kamp ,&nbsp;Daniel Wagner ,&nbsp;Nathalie Bargmann-Leyder ,&nbsp;Sherif Badawy ,&nbsp;Tracy Gaebele ,&nbsp;Phillip Snyder","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a comprehensive benchmarking analysis of cycle times from Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT) to First Subject First Dose (FSFD) within the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industry. Conducted by the IQ Consortium Early Phase Cycle Time Benchmarking Working Group (ePCTB WG) under the Drug Product Leadership Group (DPLG), the study aimed to identify key deliverables, enablers, and drivers that influence early drug development timelines across various formulation modalities.</div><div>Key findings indicate that immediate release tablets/capsules (83 %) and API in capsules (58 %) are the most commonly used oral solid dosage (OSD) forms, with median cycle times of 15 months and 16.5 months, respectively. For small molecule sterile products, intravenous (IV) solutions are predominant with a median cycle time of 17.4 months, while lyophilized formulations show slightly shorter timelines. Large molecule sterile products, including monoclonal antibodies and lipid nanoparticles, also show a preference for IV solutions with a median cycle time of 15 months.</div><div>The survey highlighted that the longest cycle time across all modalities is the time taken to release the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) drug substance, ranging from 6 to 12 months. Companies that initiate GMP drug substance manufacture before the availability of the DLT report tend to have shorter overall cycle times. The study also identified that certain enablers, such as the availability of drug substance and the definition of drug product strengths, significantly impact the initiation of GMP drug product manufacture and GLP toxicology studies.</div><div>The findings from this manuscript can be utilized by pharmaceutical companies to streamline their early phase drug development processes. By identifying the rate-limiting steps and key enablers, companies can make informed decisions to accelerate timelines, mitigate risks, and enhance efficiency in bringing new drugs to market. The benchmarking data serves as a valuable reference for setting realistic timelines and expectations, ultimately contributing to faster delivery of innovative treatments to patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106888"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved biopharmaceutical performance of chlorpromazine-nanostructured lipid carriers: In vitro release, pharmacokinetics and toxicity testing","authors":"Khaista Muhammad ,&nbsp;Uswa Shafique ,&nbsp;Abad Khan ,&nbsp;Ali H. Alamri ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Lahiq ,&nbsp;Abdullah Asiri ,&nbsp;Saeed A. Al-Qahtani ,&nbsp;Sung Giu Jin ,&nbsp;Fakhar ud Din","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we developed and investigated the capability of chlorpromazine-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (CPZ-NLCs) for enhanced transportation to the brain tissue via intraperitoneal (i.p) route with antipsychotic and tranquilizing activity. CPZ-NLCs were prepared by microemulsion method followed by particle characterization. Subsequently, in-vitro release, ex-vivo permeation, in-vivo pharmacokinetics were performed. Moreover, neuroleptic activity of CPZ-NLCs was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat depression-model and compared with CPZ-suspension. Furthermore, the expressions of neuroinflammatory biomarkers, and neuroinflammation were assessed. The optimized CPZ-NLCs had spherical shape with particle size (278 nm), zeta-potential (33.2 mV), PDI (0.411), and EE (89.1 %). CPZ-NLCs exhibited sustained drug release behavior and a significantly higher C_max (4.67 ± 0.28 μg/mL) and AUC (137.29 ± 8.18 μg h/mL) in the brain-tissues when compared with CPZ-suspension. In addition, CPZ-NLCs showed a significantly augmented anti-psychotic and antidepressant activity in LPS-induced depressed rats. Similarly, reduced expression of neuroinflammatory biomarkers (cyclo-oxygenase-2 and p-NF-κB) were observed in CPZ-NLCs treated rats, with no neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory changes in the brain tissues. The outcomes of this study suggested that NLCs can be employed for the site-specific brain-targeted transportation of various active pharmaceutical entities with augmented pharmacological properties in depression and psychosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106885"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling nanotech's potential in the treatment of skin cancer: A bibliometric and patent review","authors":"José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior ,&nbsp;Anamaria Mendonça Santos ,&nbsp;Pâmela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto ,&nbsp;Paula dos Passos Menezes ,&nbsp;Luiza Abrahão Frank ,&nbsp;Mairim Russo Serafini","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Skin cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer, and its primary treatment methods include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. However, there are often challenges related to the effectiveness and adverse side effects. Nanotechnology has emerged as a valuable ally in addressing these limitations with its distinct targeting properties, as it reduces systemic toxicity in chemotherapy, minimizes radiation damage to healthy tissue in radiotherapy, and increases the precision and efficacy of immunotherapy by delivering immunomodulatory agents directly to the tumor microenvironment. The present review examined a range of patents for the treatment of melanoma, the main skin cancer, using polymeric, lipid, and metallic nanoparticles. By combining these nanocarriers with active compounds and ligands, researchers were able to enhance the therapeutic impact against melanoma. Moreover, leading nations in innovation such as China, India, and the United States have significantly contributed to advancements in this area. The utilization of nanotechnology in treating complex diseases like cancer, particularly melanoma, has been increasingly prominent. Numerous researchers and organizations are focused on creating personalized nanotherapies for skin cancer. With the rise of this technology, it is crucial to explore concerns related to long-term effectiveness, pharmaceutical stability, potential side effects, and underlying mechanisms of action.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106878"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural molecule-based nanoparticles: A minimalist approach to treating acute lung injury","authors":"Yujie Bai ,&nbsp;Ming Liu ,&nbsp;Shiqi Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Qingyu Guan ,&nbsp;Lijiang Chen ,&nbsp;Cong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the severe inflammatory lung disease, Acute Lung Injury (ALI), we have developed an innovative anti-inflammatory nanoparticle drug delivery system based on natural molecules. By loading the anti-inflammatory agent curcumin into chitosan-heparin polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) nanoparticles, we aimed to achieve precise targeted therapy for lung inflammation. These nanoparticles specifically target lung inflammation by binding to L-selectin receptors that are overexpressed on the surface of inflammatory neutrophils. Furthermore, they inhibit the progression of ALI through a dual mechanism: curcumin blocks the NF-κB signaling pathway, while heparin suppresses neutrophil infiltration. Both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies have demonstrated the strong anti-inflammatory efficacy of this system. This study highlights the concept of “dual function”, where heparin not only serves as a carrier but also acts as an anti-inflammatory agent, underscoring the potential of natural molecules in drug delivery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106889"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous-flow microfluidic process to produce amphotericin B-loaded polymeric nanoparticles for cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment","authors":"Giovanna Cersósimo Nader-Mota ,&nbsp;Érika Yoko Suzuki ,&nbsp;Maria Paula Gonçalves Borsodi ,&nbsp;Tiago Albertini Balbino ,&nbsp;Bartira Rossi-Bergmann ,&nbsp;Ariane J. Sousa-Batista","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-flow rate 3D microfluidic devices enable controlled nanoparticles (NPs) formation, uniform size and scalable production. However, commercially available chips are expensive and difficult to manufacture. This study developed a low-cost microfluidic device using simple microfabrication techniques. NPs fabrication parameters were optimized to enhance specific characteristics such as particle size and polydispersity index (PDI). The optimized parameters to produce amphotericin B encapsulated NPs (NPs-AmB) included polymer concentration of 10 mg/mL, total flow rate (TFR) of 2000 μg/min, and flow rate ratio (FRR) of 0.225. NPs-AmB demonstrated particle size of 269.0 ± 1.0 nm and PDI of 0.138 ± 0.005. NPs-AmB showed reduced cytotoxicity to macrophages compared to free AmB and exhibited high selectivity towards <em>Leishmania amazonensis</em> promastigotes and amastigotes. The microfluidic device is promising to produce NPs, demonstrating scalability, <em>in vitro</em> safety, and promising anti-leishmanial activity for NPs-AmB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106880"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}