Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Advancements in skin tissue regeneration: Unveiling emerging treatment strategies, regulatory perspectives, and future directions for enhanced healing","authors":"Priyanshu Jaiswal ,&nbsp;Giriraj Pandey ,&nbsp;Shivam Kumar ,&nbsp;Tejaswini Kolipaka ,&nbsp;Shashi Kiran Misra ,&nbsp;Shubham Kanaujiya ,&nbsp;P.S. Rajinikanth ,&nbsp;Saurabh Srivastava ,&nbsp;Ajay Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tissue regeneration is critical for preserving tissue and organ shape and function, and epithelial stem cells play a crucial role in controlling the process. The epidermis, derived from the ectoderm, has natural regenerative qualities that aid in skin regeneration and healing. Tissue engineering, often known as regenerative medicine, provides promising options for overcoming the limits of traditional autologous and allogenic tissue repair approaches. While autologous cell/tissue transplantation is promising, it has drawbacks such as donor site morbidity and restricted availability. Alternatives such as allografts, homologous grafts, xenografts, and alloplastic grafts help to progress regenerative medicine, but they also carry hazards. Synthetic grafts and tissue-engineered scaffolds promote healing, moisture retention, and bacterial growth inhibition, resulting in a favorable 3D milieu for tissue regeneration. Current skin tissue regeneration solutions highlight the use of topical antimicrobial drugs and nanofibrous scaffolds containing antimicrobial compounds, utilizing biomimetic artificial matrix tailoring. The electrospinning process enables the creation of multifunctional, bioactive 3D scaffolds. Rising nano-formulations can revolutionize wound treatment, resulting in better patient outcomes, lower healthcare costs, and a higher quality of life, highlighting ongoing advances in skin tissue regeneration. This review comprehensively delves into the intricacies of skin tissue regeneration pathophysiology while illuminating a spectrum of cutting-edge strategies. These include nanofiber technologies, nano-emulsion approaches, hydrogel formulations, gene therapy interventions, and the transformative potential of 3D-bioprinting techniques in the realm of tissue regeneration. Furthermore, a special emphasis was given to regulatory perspectives and future directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106872"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D printed mucoadhesive bupropion hydrochloride buccal thin films using Liquid Crystal Display","authors":"Chrystalla Protopapa ,&nbsp;Angeliki Siamidi ,&nbsp;Laura Andrade Junqueira ,&nbsp;Siva Kolibaka ,&nbsp;Hossam Ahmed ,&nbsp;Joshua Boateng ,&nbsp;Dennis Douroumis ,&nbsp;Marilena Vlachou","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oromucosal delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients offers a promising alternative method of administration, as it bypasses the first-pass metabolism and enhances patient compliance especially for people who have difficulties swallowing. In this study, liquid crystal display (LCD) 3D printing was explored as an additive manufacturing process for producing mucoadhesive thin films of various sizes containing bupropion hydrochloride (BUP·HCl). For this purpose, poly(ethylene) oxide (polyox 10N) was used as a mucoadhesion enhancer, while PEG200 was used as a plasticizer to form flexible BUP·HCl buccal films, and PEGDA700 served as a crosslinking agent. Solid-state analysis was carried out using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC and X-ray diffraction) which showed that BUP·HCl was in amorphous state within the printed films.</div><div>The swelling ratio of the thin films varied from 0.9 to 1.3 while ink composition resulted peak adhesive force values of 0.37–0.52Nmm and cohesiveness values between 8 and 9 mm affected by the content of poly(ethylene)oxide. Dissolution studies in simulated saliva showed immediate release for all the BUP·HCl thin films while the <em>ex vivo</em> permeability in porcine buccal epithelium revealed 52 % permeation within 120 min. The results demonstrated that LCD printing technology is a robust, time-efficient, and high precision technology that can be used for the design of personalized medications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106873"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-assembly supramolecular ternary co-crystal systems containing Glibenclamide: physicochemical and Pharmacodynamic studies","authors":"Doaa H. Alshora ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Ranim F. Alshahrani ,&nbsp;Ahlam Alhusaini ,&nbsp;Nawal Alanaze ,&nbsp;Abdullah Ahmed Alghannam","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bioavailability of the drug is affected to a great extent by drug solubility. Most of the available and developed drugs are classified as poorly water-soluble drugs. The aim of this work is to formulate a ternary co-crystal matrix of Glibenclamide (GB) with the aid of Nicotinic acid (NA) as coformer and Brij-35 as surfactant, to enhance the solubility of the drug. Based on a statistical design at a level of 3², nine different matrices were prepared and characterized for their flow properties and in vitro dissolution rate. Although the dissolution rate of all formulations was better than that of pure drug, the flowability of the powder is very important. The optimized formula, which is composed of 2.81 NA and 0.5 Brij-25, has good flowability in terms of Carr's index of 18.9 % and enhancement in the dissolution rate by 1.4-fold. In addition, the XRPD for the optimized formula shows a new peak that does not appear in the physical mixture. This may indicate the formation of new compounds that have better dissolution rates. The pharmacodynamics of the optimized matrix was tested against the pure drug, and it showed a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose level (P = 0.01).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106875"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles incorporated chitosan-alginate based nanobiopatch for enhanced antibacterial wound dressing applications","authors":"Swathy Manoharan ,&nbsp;Padmapriya Balakrishnan ,&nbsp;Logesh Kumar Sellappan ,&nbsp;Anandhavelu Sanmugam","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibacterial wound dressings offer a promising strategy for treating chronic wounds by curbing infections, reducing inflammation, promoting angiogenesis, and retaining moisture, which collectively expedite tissue regeneration. Here, we report a green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂ NPs) using <em>Senna auriculata</em> flower extract, subsequently integrated into a chitosan-alginate (Cs-Alg) biopolymer matrix via solvent casting method. The green synthesized CeO₂ NPs were extensively characterized using FTIR, XRD, UV–Vis, SEM, TEM, and EDX, establishing their functional groups, crystalline structure, and cerium and oxide elemental composition. Optimized Cs-Alg biopatches exhibited impressive tensile strength (5.65 ± 0.73 MPa), enabling further fabrication of the Cs-Alg-CeO₂ nanobiopatch. CeO₂ incorporation significantly enhanced tensile strength (7.14 ± 0.33 MPa), imparted additional stability (FTIR, XRD, TGA), and contributed a defined morphology (SEM). The nanobiopatch demonstrated a hydrophilic profile (contact angle ∼81.03°), high swelling capacity (78.33 ± 1.12 %), and controlled biodegradability (47.55 ± 1.28 % after 48 h), suitable for efficient exudate absorption, air permeability, and moisture balance. Critically, CeO₂ NPs endowed the patch with 79 % antioxidant activity and robust antibacterial action against <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>E. coli</em>. <em>In vitro</em> biocompatibility assays with NIH 3T3 fibroblasts confirmed over 109.7 % cell viability at 24 h, affirming safety across concentrations. This sustainable approach integrates bioactive CeO₂ within a Cs-Alg polymer matrix, presenting a potent, biodegradable wound dressing with enhanced mechanical, antioxidant, and antibacterial functionalities ideal for wound care management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106892"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nose to brain delivery of insulin loaded in PLGA and chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles: A promising approach for Alzheimer's disease therapy","authors":"Maryam Kouhjani ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Reza Jaafari ,&nbsp;Arezoo Saberi ,&nbsp;Leila Gholami ,&nbsp;Mohsen Tafaghodi","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer's disease is considered one of the most common leading causes of death worldwide. Recent evidence shows that intranasal delivery of insulin can serve as a significant pharmacological therapy for Alzheimer's disease due to a direct nose-to-brain connection. To tackle the challenges of nose-to-brain drug delivery, the current study investigated the use of PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) and mucoadhesive chitosan-coated PLGA NPs (PLGA/chit). The effect of NPs on insulin permeability on sheep nasal mucosa showed that PLGA and PLGA/chit NPs led to a 4-fold and 16-fold increase in comparison to insulin solution, respectively. Moreover, the findings showed that the formulation of NPs enhanced the area under the curve (AUC) of insulin in the brain compared to the insulin solution. The results demonstrate that the presence of a chitosan coating on the NPs resulted in a notable increase in brain concentration compared to NPs without the coating (p &lt; 0.01). The sustained release of insulin from the NPs, particularly those coated with chitosan, led to a reduction in plasma concentration and mitigated the systemic adverse effects of insulin.</div><div>In summary, the results suggest that intranasal administration of NPs, particularly mucoadhesive NPs, has the potential to enhance the delivery of insulin to the brain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106857"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amorphous solid dispersion formulation of pimobendan for bioavailability enhancement: A comprehensive study on miscibility, interactions, and in vitro dissolution behavior","authors":"Beibei Qu ,&nbsp;Hengqian Wu ,&nbsp;Zhuang Ding ,&nbsp;Rupeng Bu ,&nbsp;Heng Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Han ,&nbsp;Mingzhong Li ,&nbsp;Zhengping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly soluble pimobendan (PIMO) in cellulose matrices, including hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS-HG, HPMCAS-MG, HPMCAS-LG), polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate (PVPVA64), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPK30), were investigated, aiming to identify the optimal polymer to enhance its solubility and stability of the drug product. The results indicated that the miscibility between PIMO and the selected polymers can be predicted by Hansen solubility parameters and Flory-Huggins interaction parameters, with the ranking order of PVPVA64 &gt; PVPK30 &gt; HPMCAS. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis revealed significant interactions between PIMO and these polymers. Recrystallization inhibition and dissolution performance were ranked as HPMCAS-HG &gt; HPMCAS-MG &gt; HPMCAS-LG &gt; PVPK30 &gt; PVPVA64. Additionally, the results also indicated that HPMCAS-HG had superior stability compared to PVPVA64 and PVPK30 under elevated humidity, as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. These findings provide a theoretical basis for selection of the optimal polymer for design of PIMO ASDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106884"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linagliptin-loaded bilosomes for oral administration: Formulation, optimization by Box-Behnken design, in-vitro, and in-vivo assessment","authors":"Komal Pawar,&nbsp;Ravindra Kamble,&nbsp;Sharvil Patil","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Linagliptin (LGN), BCS class III drug, is used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Despite its high aqueous solubility, LGN show oral bioavailability of only 30 %, due to poor permeability, pre-systemic metabolism, and P-gp efflux. Therefore, aim of this study was to develop LGN-loaded bilosomes (LGN-BIL) to improve oral bioavailability of LGN. Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the composition of LGN-BIL prepared by solvent evaporation method. The prepared LGN-BIL were characterized for vesicle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (%EE), FTIR, TEM, DSC, PXRD, <em>ex vivo</em> drug permeation using everted sac model and <em>in vivo</em> pharmacokinetic study. The prepared spherical LGN-BIL had vesicle size of 138.0 ± 2.5 nm with %EE of 84.55 ± 3.5 %. FTIR studies demonstrated formation of amide bond between LGN and sodium deoxycholate. Moreover, apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of LGN-BIL (9.82 × 10⁻⁷ cm/min) was higher by 1.5 fold when compared to LGN dispersion (6.34 × 10⁻⁷ cm/min). The C_max and AUC_0–48 for LGN dispersion were 0.135 ± 0.02 μg/ml and 1.889 ± 0.224 μg h/mL while that for LGN-BIL were 0.554 ± 0.06 μg/mL and 9.711 ± 0.125 μg h/mL, respectively. Thus pharmacokinetic study showed 4 fold increase in C_max and 5 fold increase in AUC_0–48 of LGN when formulated into bilosomes which could be attributed to P-gp inhibition, bypassing first pass metabolism and absorption of BIL through M-cells payers’ patches and nanosize. The prepared LGN-BIL could be a prospective drug delivery vesicles for LGN circumventing the drawback of poor oral bioavailability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106879"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel strategy for encapsulation and controlled release of Schisantherin a employing biofriendly polydopamine microparticles built on biomineralized calcium carbonate crystals","authors":"Zhaoyu Wang ,&nbsp;Qingxia Ji ,&nbsp;Tingting Wang ,&nbsp;Weiliang Hua ,&nbsp;Yanhong Bi ,&nbsp;Yongzhou Chi ,&nbsp;Rongling Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Schisantherin A (SCA) has recently attracted increasing attention because of its promising biological profile. However, poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability have limited the efficacy of SCA in pharmaceutical applications. In this study, novel complex CaCO₃-based biomineralized microparticles that demonstrate significant potential as carriers for loading and delivering SCA were constructed for the first time by employing gum arabic as the stable template and polydopamine as the functional coating agent. The results show that these composite microparticles have a high SCA loading rate of 15.6 ± 0.4 % and a pH-responsive drug release characteristic under simulated <em>in vitro</em> conditions. Further investigation revealed that the encapsulated forms of SCA exhibit significantly enhanced synergistic antioxidant activity and antibacterial efficacy against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> compared to the carrier-free SCA. Furthermore, a 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining experiment and a rhodamine 123 (Rh123) fluorescence staining test of lipopolysaccharide (PSL) induced BV-2 microglial cells demonstrated that the encapsulated form of SCA exhibits considerable efficacy in inducing changes in the morphology and structure of cells. With these findings, this study provides a new type of CaCO₃-mediated particle carrier that is useful for targeted and controlled release applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106893"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent progress of carbon-based quantum dots and nanotubes for cancer targeting and drug delivery applications","authors":"Sudipta Mondal ,&nbsp;Subhadeep Das ,&nbsp;Binayok Sharma ,&nbsp;Rajashree Nayak ,&nbsp;Md Zillur Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer remains a major global health challenge, driving extensive research into developing advanced nano systems for precise and effective drug delivery. Carbon-based nanomaterials, particularly carbon nanotubes and quantum dots, have gained prominence due to their exceptional structural and physicochemical properties. These nanomaterials offer significant advantages, including high drug-loading capacity, enhanced biocompatibility, and reduced immunogenicity, making them highly promising candidates for cancer therapy. This review provides a detailed examination of the synthesis and functionalization of carbon nanostructures, highlighting recent advancements in their use for cancer drug delivery. Also, it analyzes their potential to improve therapeutic outcomes through targeted delivery mechanisms while addressing the challenges associated with their clinical translation. Furthermore, the review explores the prospects, challenges, and future directions of carbon nanotubes and quantum dots, focusing on their integration into clinical applications for cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106896"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme: Current status of research and clinical translation","authors":"Mugdha Kulkarni ,&nbsp;Karthik Nadendla ,&nbsp;Ananth Pai ,&nbsp;Shashaanka Ashili ,&nbsp;Howard Maibach ,&nbsp;Jyothsna Manikkath","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor, associated with poor prognosis, high rates of recurrence and low survival spans. Existing standard-of-care regimen includes combined treatments of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. But these are challenging and exhibit contentious efficacy. The primary obstacle revolves around chemotherapy; delivery of the therapeutic agents across the highly fortified blood-brain-barrier (BBB), brain-tumor-blood-barrier and their uptake in the tumor cells remains highly challenging. Nanocarriers, within this context, can be implemented for delivering drug payloads across the physiological barriers like BBB. Owing to their small dimensions and high receptivity for surface modification, they can significantly contribute to higher drug bioavailability at tumor site through numerous active targeting approaches. In this review, we have focused specifically on lipid-based nanoparticles (LBNPs) for addressing targeted therapy in GBM. They have been perceived as attractive candidates for brain tumor targeting due to their desirable characteristics of biocompatibility, lesser toxicity, facile BBB traversal as well as achievable transport of hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic drugs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current challenges in GBM treatment and to collate the experimental findings, evidences, developments in the niche area of active GBM targeting through LBNPs for overcoming the its treatment obstacles. Additionally, the key areas where substantial efforts are needed to take this treatment path forward, have been stressed upon towards the conclusion of this work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106891"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}