Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Chrysin loaded novasomes for enhanced wound healing management: In-vitro/ in-vivo evaluation","authors":"Abeer Salama ,&nbsp;Asmaa Badawy Darwish ,&nbsp;Rania Elgohary ,&nbsp;Marwa Anwar Wagdi","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of the study was to develop and evaluate novasomes (NOVs) loaded with Chrysin (CR) for the effective management of wound healing. Thin-film hydration technique was adopted for the preparation of Chrysin Novasomes (CR-NOVs). Vesicles were prepared employing cholesterol along with oleic acid and 3 types of non-ionic surfactants (Span 60, Span 40 and Tween 80) at different concentrations. CR-NOVs exhibited high CR EE%, ranging from 94.31 ± 1.35 to 99.76 ± 0.12 %. The vesicle size was between 214.5 ± 1.4 to 493.4 ± 9.8 nm. The prepared NOVs showed negative zeta potential values ranged from −16.4 ± 4.96 to −33.2 ± 3.45, confirming their good stability. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that the optimized vesicles had a spherical shape. CR release from NOVs was biphasic, and the release behavior followed Higuchi's model through diffusion mechanism<strong>.</strong> Topical application of CR-NOVs for 10 days reduced wound size and promoted wound healing activity via elevating collagen and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) synthesis as well as increasing tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1). Additionally, CR-NOVs treatments alleviated extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation by targeting matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2). These findings suggest that the created CR-NOVs may be a unique treatment that affects re-epithelization by increasing collagen and α-SMA, hence reducing the time of the wound-healing process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106886"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PEGylated terpesomes of curcumin for prominent hepatoprotective activity: Fabrication, optimization, biochemical analysis and in vivo evaluation","authors":"Abdurrahman M. Fahmy ,&nbsp;Bander Balkhi ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Sadek ,&nbsp;Rana M. ElBishbishy ,&nbsp;Sadek Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drug induced Liver Injury (DILI) is a major problem that usually leads to dose reduction or even drug withdrawal, leading to therapeutic failures. The current study aimed to formulate curcumin (CCM) PEGylated terpesomes and demonstrate its efficacy against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)- induced liver damage and oxidative stress. A 2³ factorial design was employed and a selected formula (SPT), comprising 7.5, 0.25 and 0.5 ratios of Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG): CCM, fenchone: PEG and phosphatidyl choline: PEG, respectively was obtained. SPT exhibited satisfactory values of percentage entrapment efficiency, vesicular size and zeta potential (84.3 ± 1.9 %, 236.7 ± 5.3 nm and 33.7 ± 0.7 mV, respectively). Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed the spherical morphology of SPT vesicles, with VS like that obtained via zeta sizer. Release of CCM from SPT exhibited a biphasic pattern and obeyed Higuchian diffusion. SPT was stable in the refrigerator for up to three months. The biochemical analysis study revealed the superior hepatoprotective effect of CCM SPT compared to its aqueous suspension against CCl₄-induced liver damage and oxidative stress. The decrease in Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alanine transaminase (ALT) and the increase in Glutathione (GSH) were 76 and 68.1 % and 9-folds vs 19.7 and 9.8 % and 1.6-folds, for CCM SPT and CCM aqueous suspension, respectively. Thus, SPT is considered a promising safe and effective hepatoprotective formula against DILI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106876"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of poly (vinyl alcohol)/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels loaded with encapsulated tea tree oil for wound care application","authors":"Pairayaphak Ngamplang ,&nbsp;Chasuda Choipang ,&nbsp;Sonthaya Chaiarwut ,&nbsp;Piyachat Chuysinuan ,&nbsp;Pitt Supaphol","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In daily life, accidents and diseases are major causes of wounds. Wound management and wound dressing are significant functions of wound healing. A hydrocolloid film composed of a natural polymer such as carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) is a good candidate for use in the treatment of low exudate wounds such as superficial and black/grey necrotic wounds. The hydrocolloid film can be easily removed from a wound and promotes tissue granulation. In recent years, concerns have arisen regarding the existence of harmful chemical substances in products that come into direct contact with human skin. Therefore, natural substances are an exceptional choice. Due to their antibacterial properties, tea tree oil (TTO) and its active components have found uses in various applications, e.g. cosmetics, wound care, and food packaging. However, TTO has major drawbacks due to its high volatility and poor solubility in water as well as other polar solvents. Cyclodextrin is an ideal choice for enhancing its water solubility while preserving its antibacterial characteristics by utilizing the formation of an inclusion complex (IC) with certain TTO components. Various techniques have been utilized to examine the obtained ICs, i.e. GC-MS, UV–vis, 1H NMR, DSC, TG/DTG, FTIR, Zeta-sizer, and SEM. Moreover, molecular docking was employed to examine the preferred orientation of terpinene-4-ol within the cyclodextrin cavity. The hydrocolloid film loaded with a cyclodextrin/TTO IC exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity through observations of their Time-kill assay against model bacteria, e.g., <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) and Methicilin-Resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) (gram-positive bacteria) and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) (gram-negative bacteria). A hydrocolloid film with a concentration of 3.5 % ICs demonstrated the highest efficacy in inhibiting bacterial activity. Finally, a hydrocolloid film loaded with a cyclodextrin/TTO IC exhibited improved physical properties and antibacterial activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 106867"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A smart therapeutic approach for improving thin endometrium in rodent models – A maiden intra uterine preclinical approach","authors":"Azeena Saleem ,&nbsp;Alan M. Punnoose ,&nbsp;K. Brindha ,&nbsp;Radha Vembu","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106874","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Recurrent endometrial injuries, such as those caused by miscarriages, curettage, or infections, leading to thin endometrium, are one of the main causes of female infertility. The current treatments for endometrial injury offer limited clinical benefits and cannot improve endometrial receptivity and pregnancy outcomes. Stem cell therapies, or regenerative medicine, are considered potential solutions to address this concern and may offer effective treatment methods for the regeneration of thin endometrium. This study spots light on a combined therapeutic approach conjoining vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, proliferation, and remodelling of cells of the uterine endometrium studied in Wistar albino rat models. The ultimate objective of this research was to regenerate the thin endometrium using commercially obtained bone marrow derived rat mesenchymal stem cells with hormone 17-beta estradiol incorporated into a thermosensitive injectable hydrogel PluronicF127 by a novel minimally invasive intrauterine approach, ensuring a controlled release of hormone estradiol from the hydrogel invitro and the delivery of stem cells to regenerate the thin endometrium. Combining the proven ability of the hydrogel PF127, oestradiol, and rat mesenchymal stem cells to regenerate the endometrial basalis layer and Functionalis layers by inducing vascularization &amp; angiogenesis, subsequently triggering the endometrial stem cells residing in the basalis layer. The injectable hydrogel (PluronicF127) showed satisfactory biocompatibility when loaded with oestradiol and rat mesenchymal stem cells. A thin endometrial rat model was established using 1 % Lugol's iodine rather than the traditional ethanol-induced method with the concept to preserve the endometrial basalis layer. The treatment with rat mesenchymal stem cells and oestradiol-loaded injectable hydrogel significantly enhanced the thickness of the endometrium and increased the abundance of blood vessels and glands in the injured endometrium compared to the control group. The rat mesenchymal stem cells and oestradiol-loaded injectable hydrogel treatment significantly reduced endometrial fibrosis; collagen deposits and increased the presence of endometrial glands. Endometrial thickness, angiogenesis, and molecular markers were assessed at 14- and 21-days post-treatment. Histological analysis revealed that PF127/E2/rMSCs significantly improved endometrial thickness, gland density, and vascularization compared to other groups. The PF127/E2/rMSCs group showed a significant decrease in collagen deposits, which Masson's trichrome staining confirmed. Angiogenesis markers (VEGFA, EGF) and genes linked to stem cells (SOX9, AXIN1, SSEA1) were found to be upregulated in molecular analysis, indicating increased vascularization and stem cell activation in the endometrial basalis layers. Oestradiol was released continuously by the encapsulated delivery system, which also promoted cellular integration and decreased inflammator","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 106874"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin delivered by ROS-responsive ibuprofen prodrug based on hyaluronic acid effectively suppressed the rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Ping-fu Huang ,&nbsp;Miaomiao Ma ,&nbsp;Hao Wu ,&nbsp;Wen-min Niu ,&nbsp;Lu-lu Liu ,&nbsp;Jia-bing Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with systemic inflammatory. Ibuprofen (IBF) and curcumin (CUR) were the commonly therapeutic ingredients for RA treatment and the combination administration possessed the ideal efficacy, however, the low solubility and lack of targeting produced the significant obstacles for the treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, the IBF prodrug decorated with the CD44 receptors and ROS-sensitive was prepared and encapsulated with the CUR named CUR@HA-TK-IBF were designed, the characterization of CUR@HA-TK-IBF were performed <em>in vitro</em> and the efficacity effect were evaluated using collagen induced arthritis (CIA) model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The obtained product CUR@HA-TK-IBF exhibited the diameter of 137.3 ± 4.5 nm, and the morphology of the nanoparticles showed the sphericity via the TEM. In vitro release results indicated that the IBF and CUR could slowly release in the normal environment and quickly release at the H₂O₂ environment. Furthermore, the combination of CUR and IBF could significantly decrease the expression of the proinflammatory factors and the concentration of ROS and COX-2 <em>in vitro</em>. The animal experiment indicated that the CUR@HA-TK-IBF could alleviate the foot tumefaction and decrease the expression of proinflammatory factors in the RA model mice.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The CUR@HA-TK-IBF developed the new approach for co-deliver the IBF and CUR, which provided a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of RA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106868"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An arginine-rich motif of the HIV-1 TAT protein promotes E. coli cellular entry and DNA delivery","authors":"Rasaq Olajide Akinsola ,&nbsp;Andrew Osahor ,&nbsp;Lena Vollmer ,&nbsp;Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole ,&nbsp;Choon Weng Lee ,&nbsp;Edmund Ui Hang Sim ,&nbsp;Kumaran Narayanan","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>E. coli</em> is an attractive non-viral gene delivery vector due to its low immunogenicity and large gene-carrying capacity. However, its inherently low efficiency has been a significant obstacle that has limited its adoption for gene delivery. We tested a trimer of (HIV-1) Transactivator Transcription protein (TAT) 47–57 with cell-penetrating ability and nuclear localization sequences to enhance the efficiency of the <em>E. coli</em> vectors gene delivery into cancer cells, a strategy not explored before. Fourier-transformed Infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy (RAMAN) were used to study the interaction between the <em>E. coli</em> vector and TAT3 peptide, and this result was validated with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We demonstrate for the first time that a hybrid vector can be formed between the <em>E. coli</em> vector and TAT3. This hybrid vector formation is likely due to the electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged outer membrane of <em>E. coli</em> and the highly positively charged TAT3 peptides. Our result suggested that the TAT3 is internalized into <em>E. coli</em> and coated its surface to improve cellular uptake and gene delivery efficiency. TAT3 peptide enhances <em>E. coli</em> gene transfer efficiency by over 2.5 fold in HeLa, HT1080, HEK-293, and 1.3 fold in MCF-7, but not in A549. Additionally, internalization of <em>E. coli</em> increased by 1.2 fold in HeLa with no significant uptake by A549, demonstrating that cellular entry is a prerequisite to higher gene expression. This TAT-based complexing method may be applied to other bacterial-based vectors to enhance DNA and protein delivery into cells for DNA vaccination and cancer gene therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106864"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of liposome-loaded macrophages as tumor-targeted drug delivery carriers: Impact of macrophage phenotypes on their liposome-loading capacity and tumor-homing potential","authors":"Yusuke Kono,&nbsp;Kae Onishi,&nbsp;Himari Kitamura,&nbsp;Ken-ichi Ogawara","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Macrophages have not only a high phagocytic capacity, but also a tumor-homing ability, and, thus, nanoparticle-loaded macrophages are regarded as an active drug delivery carrier targeting tumors. Macrophages exhibit several phenotypes, such as proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2; however, it remains unclear which phenotype possesses superior characteristics as a drug delivery carrier. Therefore, we herein comparatively examined the cellular uptake of doxorubicin (DOX)-encapsulated liposomes (DOX-Lip) and associated cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 murine macrophage-like cells with three different phenotypes: the naïve M0, M1, and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-like phenotypes, the latter of which shows similar characteristics to the M2 phenotype. The highest uptake of liposomes was by TAM-like RAW264.7 cells, whereas a significant reduction in cell viability associated with liposome uptake also occurred. M0-type and M1-type RAW264.7 cells showed high cell viability after liposome uptake. M0-type cells exhibited higher tolerance to DOX-Lip uptake than M1-type cells. An <em>in vitro</em> migration assay demonstrated that DOX-Lip-loaded M0-type cells preferentially migrated towards the tumor microenvironment, whereas DOX-Lip-loaded M1-type cells did not. DOX-Lip-loaded M0-type cells also efficiently accumulated in tumor tissue and exhibited significant anti-tumor efficacy in B16/BL6 tumor-bearing mice. These results provide valuable information for the development of a macrophage-based tumor-targeted active drug delivery system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106866"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin loaded hyaluronan modified niosomes: Preparation, characterization and anti-cancer activity on triple-negative breast cancer cells","authors":"Mozhgan Abasi ,&nbsp;Zaynab Sadeghi Ghadi ,&nbsp;Younes Pilehvar ,&nbsp;Pedram Ebrahimnejad","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Curcumin is a herbal polyphenolic compound with anti-cancer properties, but its low solubility, stability and bioavailability limit its therapeutic potential. In this study, we developed niosomes, nanosized vesicles composed of tween 80, Sorbitan monostearate, cholesterol and hyaluronan, as a novel delivery system for curcumin. The curcumin-loaded hyaluronan modified niosomes (cur-nio) were prepared by thin-film hydration method and characterized for their morphology, zeta potential, particle size and <em>in vitro</em> drug release. The anti-cancer activity and apoptotic effect of cur-nio were evaluated on MDA-MB-231 cell line by MTT assay, Real time PCR and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Moreover, migration and invasion phenotypes of cells were determined by transwell assays and wound healing assays. We were also interested in determining cur-nio effects on tumorigenicity of MDA-MB-231 cells by mammosphere formation assay. The results showed that the cur-nio had a spherical shape, a negative charge, a mean diameter of about 251 ± 7.14 nm and a high encapsulation efficiency of about 97.96 ± 0.55. The cur-nio exhibited a sustained release profile of curcumin. The cur-nio showed significant inhibition of cell viability and induction the expression of essential apoptotic genes compared to free curcumin and blank niosomes. The IC50 value of cur-nio was about 30 μM, which was approximately 2 times lower than that of free curcumin. Also, our results showed that cur-nio significantly inhibits cell migration, invasion, mammosphere formation and proliferation rate <em>in vitro</em>.These findings suggest that niosomes are a promising carrier for enhancing the delivery and efficacy of curcumin in cancer therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106869"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly synthesis and multifunctional evaluation of silver nanoparticles using Boleophthalmus dussumieri mucus: Antibacterial, anticancer, and predictive modeling applications","authors":"Fahimeh Saberi ,&nbsp;Ahmad Gharzi ,&nbsp;Ashraf Jazayeri ,&nbsp;Vahid Akmali ,&nbsp;Khosrow Chehri ,&nbsp;Naser Karimi ,&nbsp;Nasrin Babajani ,&nbsp;Muhammad Rizwan ,&nbsp;Elahe Baratalipour","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The synthesis of eco-friendly silver nanoparticles has attracted significant attention from researchers, primarily due to their wide-ranging applications in contemporary medicine, having antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. In this study, green-synthesized AgNPs (MM-Ag NPs) using <em>Boleophthalmus dussumieri</em> mucus were prepared and characterized for their antibacterial, antibiofilm, antihemolytic, and anticancer properties. Characterization techniques UV–vis, SEM, TEM, and AFM confirmed that the nanoparticles were uniformly spherical, ranging from 10 to 30 nm. The nanoparticles showed a UV–visible absorption peak at 428 nm, indicating a successful reduction of AgNO₃. FTIR analysis revealed bioactive molecules on their surfaces, while X-ray diffraction indicated a face-centered cubic structure, with a zeta potential of −16 ± 0.65 mV. MM-Ag NPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity against the confirmed bacterial strains, including <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, with a notable 22 mm inhibition zone against <em>E. coli</em>. In cytotoxicity assays on MCF-7 cancer cells, an IC50 value of 48.73 % was recorded at 256 ppm, highlighting their anticancer potential. Biocompatibility tests demonstrated safety through membrane stabilization assays using red blood cells. Machine learning techniques were also applied to predict values related to <em>Citrobacter freundii</em> and <em>Morganella morganii</em> for MM-Ag NPs. The best model for predicting their concentrations was identified, showcasing the effectiveness of ML in enhancing research efficiency and reducing trial-and-error approaches. In conclusion, this study underscores the significant biological potential of AgNPs derived from <em>B. dussumieri</em> mucus as promising antimicrobial agents against bacterial infections; potential anticancer agents in cancer therapy, and eco-friendly candidates for drug delivery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106843"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intranasal Apocynin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for Alzheimer's disease therapy: Formulation, optimization, and pharmacokinetic evaluations","authors":"Supriya Samala,&nbsp;Akshada Mhaske,&nbsp;Rahul Shukla","doi":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jddst.2025.106862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by cognitive impairment and neuronal degeneration. Delivering drugs to the brain remains a challenge due to the restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Intranasal (IN) administration offers a promising alternative by utilizing the olfactory and trigeminal pathways to bypass the BBB. Apocynin (APO), a natural antioxidant, has been explored for its potential in reducing oxidative stress linked to AD. This study aimed to develop APO-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (APO-NLCs) and evaluate their physicochemical properties, drug release profile, cellular uptake, and brain distribution following intranasal and oral administration.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>APO-NLCs were formulated using a melt emulsification method and optimized via a Box-Behnken design. The nanoparticles were characterized for size, surface charge, entrapment efficiency, and drug loading. Morphological analysis, <em>in vitro</em> drug release, <em>ex vivo</em> nasal permeation using goat nasal mucosa, and cellular uptake studies in SH-SY5Y cells were conducted. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies compared drug accumulation in the brain following intranasal and oral administration.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The optimized APO-NLCs had a particle size of 138.8 nm, a zeta potential of −8.65 mV, an entrapment efficiency of 60.21 %, and a drug loading of 7.58 %. The formulation showed a biphasic release pattern, with 45.80 % of the drug released over 24 h, following Higuchi kinetics. Intranasal administration led to significantly higher brain drug accumulation compared to oral delivery, indicating improved bioavailability and CNS targeting.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>APO-NLCs demonstrated effective drug delivery to the brain, with intranasal administration offering superior bioavailability over oral administration. These findings highlight their potential for treating AD and warrant further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 106862"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}