Journal of Clinical Imaging Science最新文献

{"title":"Contrast-specific conversion factor for accurate radiation dose estimation in contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography.","authors":"Yoshinori Funama, Daisuke Sakabe, Takeshi Nakaura, Seitaro Oda, Masafumi Kidoh, Yasunori Nagayama, Toshinori Hirai","doi":"10.25259/JCIS_151_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/JCIS_151_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of the study is to determine the contrast-specific conversion factor (cCF) based on the dose differences between non-enhanced computed tomography (NECT) and contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) in abdominal imaging, with the aim of improving the accuracy of radiation dose estimation in contrast-enhanced examinations.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 33 adult patients who underwent both NECT and CECT. CECT image acquisition commenced 80 s after the start of iodinated contrast medium injection. A Monte Carlo simulation tool was used to estimate the radiation dose delivered to each patient during NECT and CECT. Organ doses for the liver, spleen, and both kidneys were measured using 120-kVp images. The cCF was calculated as the ratio of the organ dose in CECT to that in NECT. The cCF values are dependent on the scan protocol-, CT vendor-, and X-ray photon energy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean organ doses during NECT were 10.45 mGy for the liver, 11.19 mGy for the spleen, and 11.47 mGy for both kidneys. During CECT, these values increased to 15.83 mGy, 17.56 mGy, and 20.75 mGy, respectively. The mean cCFs of CECT relative to NECT were 1.52 for the liver, 1.83 for the spleen, and 1.87 for both kidneys.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Applying the cCF to NECT-based dose estimates enables more accurate assessment of radiation exposure in CECT examinations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15512,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Imaging Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12954228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147355265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence-assisted decision-making software for pulmonary nodules in a resource-limited setting.","authors":"Xiwen Liao, Yifan Tian, Yaning Cheng, Xiaomeng Sun, Yan Li, Zhe Zhao, Chen Yao, Di Chen","doi":"10.25259/JCIS_212_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/JCIS_212_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Emerging evidence suggested that artificial intelligence (AI) may offer particular benefits in resource-limited clinical settings with high patient loads and constrained radiology expertise. The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of an AI-assisted decision-making software (DMS) for pulmonary nodules detected on computed tomography (CT) among physicians in a resource-limited clinical setting.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this retrospective multi-reader, multi-case study, three pulmonologists and three radiologists from a secondary hospital independently assessed 200 enriched chest CT scans with and without AI-assisted DMS. The dataset was balanced with 100 benign and 100 malignant nodules to provide a consistent challenge for both physicians and the AI system. Diagnostic performance was measured by comparing the average area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) with and without AI support. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated at the 5% and 65% malignancy thresholds, and inter-reader agreement on disease management plans was examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AI-assisted DMS significantly improved readers' diagnostic performance, with the average AUC increasing from 0.78 to 0.89 (mean difference: 0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08, 0.14). Improvements were consistent across readers' experience levels and specialties. Sensitivity at the 5% malignancy threshold reached 97.3% (95% CI: 95.1%, 99.6%) with AI assistance, while specificity improved by 18.5% (95% CI: 6.5%, 30.5%). At the 65% threshold, sensitivity and specificity increased by 21.2% and 7.8%, respectively. In addition, the overall inter-reader agreement enhanced from 0.19 to 0.40 (<i>p</i> < 0.01), although agreement on non-surgical diagnostic procedures remained relatively lower compared to other categories.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AI-assisted DMS showed great potential in improving diagnostic performance for CT pulmonary nodule management in the resource-limited setting. Strengthening referral pathways for intermediate-risk cases might further support appropriate clinical decision-making and help align patient evaluation with available expertise. Continued prospective real-world studies with longitudinal follow-up and histopathological confirmation would contribute to expanding the evidence base and guiding its broader integration into routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15512,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Imaging Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12954265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147355252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Papillary lesions of breast on core-needle biopsy: Factors associated with malignant upgrade on surgical excision.","authors":"Ka Luen Hui, Wai Lam Wong, Ka Man Chu, Fong Ying Wan, Lok Yee Lam","doi":"10.25259/JCIS_188_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/JCIS_188_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Papillary lesions (PLs) of the breast diagnosed on core-needle biopsy (CNB) pose a management dilemma due to their variable upgrade rates to malignancy. This study aims to identify predictors of malignant upgrade, facilitating risk stratification that may spare low-risk patients from unnecessary open surgery.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed 219 CNB-diagnosed PLs in 172 female patients at a tertiary center from 2008 to 2022. Clinical parameters (age at diagnosis, single duct bloody nipple discharge, mastalgia), sonographic findings (multifocality, size, location, intraductal lesion, intralesional vascularity, margin, posterior features) and histopathologic findings (atypia) were analyzed with Fisher's exact test and multivariate logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall upgrade rate to malignancy was 8.2% (18/219). Four independent predictors of upgrade were identified: lesion size ≥1 cm (Odds ratio [OR] 3.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-12.3; <i>p</i> = 0.045), intralesional vascularity (OR 7.0, 95% CI 2.2-22.5; <i>p</i> = 0.001), non-circumscribed margins (OR 6.4, 95% CI 1.5-27.7; <i>p</i> = 0.013), and atypia (OR 6.6, 95% CI 1.9-23.2; <i>p</i> = 0.003). Subcentimeter circumscribed lesions without atypia and vascularity had a 3.4% upgrade rate (3/88) and 96.6% negative predictive value.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lesion size ≥1 cm, presence of intralesional vascularity, non-circumscribed margins, and atypia on CNB specimens are significant predictors of malignant upgrade in patients with PLs on CNB. Low-risk lesions (subcentimeter circumscribed lesions without vascularity and atypia) may be managed with minimally invasive approaches (e.g., vacuum-assisted excision) given their low upgrade rate (3.4%) and high negative predictive value (96.6%), while high-risk lesions (particularly those with atypia) warrant surgical excision.</p>","PeriodicalId":15512,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Imaging Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12954240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147355227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maintaining scientific rigor in clinical imaging science - 2026.","authors":"Vikram Dogra","doi":"10.25259/JCIS_8_2026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/JCIS_8_2026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15512,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Imaging Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of two ablation methods in benign thyroid nodules: Radiofrequency ablation and non-cooled microwave ablation.","authors":"Emre Karacay, Ibrahim Ilker Oz, Omer Aydiner, Tamer Baysal","doi":"10.25259/JCIS_290_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/JCIS_290_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluates the effectiveness and complication rates of a non-cooled microwave ablation (MWA) system compared to a radiofrequency ablation (RFA) system for treating benign thyroid nodules.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Between October 2022 and July 2023, 56 patients (38 females, mean age: 51.75±10.7 years) with benign thyroid nodules, confirmed twice by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), were included. Ultrasound (US) guidance was used to treat 62 nodules under local anesthesia. Nodule volume, diameters, and echogenicity were assessed before and after the procedures. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 21.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 3, 6, and 12 months, volume reduction was significantly greater in the non-cooled MWA group compared to the RFA group (<i>P</i> = 0.022, <i>P</i> = 0.002, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Both methods showed significant volume reduction at all follow-ups (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Age, sex, and multinodular goiter presence did not significantly affect treatment response (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Nodule structure was not a significant factor at 3 months (<i>P</i> = 0.242) but was significant at 6 and 12 months (<i>P</i> = 0.003, <i>P</i> = 0.002). No complications were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The non-cooled MWA system demonstrated superior efficacy compared to RFA, with similar procedural times and complication rates. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15512,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Imaging Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary cerebellar angiosarcoma: A rare case of posterior fossa vascular tumor with hemorrhagic presentation and favorable surgical outcome.","authors":"Yi Cong Chew, Po Yin Tang, Siang Hui Lai, Chi Long Ho","doi":"10.25259/JCIS_214_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/JCIS_214_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary cerebellar angiosarcoma is an exceptionally rare intracranial malignancy, with only 22 cases reported in the literature. We report the case of a 67-year-old male who presented with a severe headache, unsteady gait, and giddiness. Computed tomography of the brain demonstrated a hemorrhagic lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere with associated vasogenic edema and early hydrocephalus. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right cerebellar intra-axial lesion with mixed signal intensities and a characteristic peripheral \"bull's eye\" enhancement pattern. Histopathological evaluation showed a vasoformative neoplasm with atypical endothelial cells, high mitotic activity, and immunopositivity for CD31 and erythroblast transformation specific (ETS)-related gene (ERG), consistent with low-grade angiosarcoma. The patient underwent gross total resection and remained recurrence-free 16 months postoperatively. This case underscores the importance of multi-modality imaging in the early recognition of hemorrhagic cerebellar tumors and reinforces the role of radiological-pathological correlation in diagnosis and treatment planning. Given its rarity, diagnosis of cerebellar angiosarcoma requires a high index of suspicion, supported by advanced imaging and immunohistochemical profiling. Multidisciplinary management is essential, and further case documentation is necessary to guide therapeutic strategies and prognostication.</p>","PeriodicalId":15512,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Imaging Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibroblast activation protein-targeted radiopharmaceuticals: Recent trends in cancer diagnosis.","authors":"Xiaohong Huang, Omar Emad Ibrahim","doi":"10.25259/JCIS_209_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/JCIS_209_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), widely overexpressed in the tumor stroma of various cancers, has emerged as a promising target for cancer imaging. Radiopharmaceuticals designed to target FAP offer significantly improved tumor-to-background contrast compared to traditional imaging agents, thereby enhancing the precision of cancer detection. This review summarizes recent advancements in FAP-targeted diagnosis radiopharmaceuticals, highlighting their advantages and future potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":15512,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Imaging Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From congenital variants to critical clues: A radiologic review of inferior vena cava pathologies.","authors":"Rachita Khot, Haddy M Jarmakani, Aaron Krasinski, Christine O Menias, Douglas S Katz, Margarita V Revzin","doi":"10.25259/JCIS_249_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/JCIS_249_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inferior vena cava (IVC) pathology is often underrecognized on non-dedicated imaging examinations, yet it carries significant diagnostic and clinical implications, particularly in acute emergency settings. This review highlights the complementary roles of ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) in the assessment of IVC abnormalities. The US provides real-time, bedside evaluation of IVC patency, caliber, and hemodynamics, whereas CT offers detailed anatomic and structural characterization critical for diagnosis and management. The review aims to systematically discuss congenital variants, thrombotic, traumatic, systemic conditions, and neoplastic involvement of the IVC, emphasizing their imaging features and clinical relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15512,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Imaging Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indian research on generative artificial intelligence in healthcare imaging: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis.","authors":"Raju Vaishya, Brij Mohan Gupta, Chaman Sab M, Samira Guechairi, Abhishek Vaish, Rajesh Botchu","doi":"10.25259/JCIS_245_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/JCIS_245_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of Indian research on the application of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) in healthcare imaging from 2017 to 2025. It aims to evaluate the research output, citation impact, collaborative patterns, and key thematic areas to understand India's position in this rapidly evolving global landscape.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We used a comprehensive search strategy on the Scopus database, limited to publications with an Indian affiliation from 2017 to 2025. Data on author names, affiliations, publication years, keywords, and citations were extracted from 383 records. The analysis employed citation analysis, co-authorship networks, and keyword co-occurrence analysis, with VOSviewer software used for data visualization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Globally, 2,761 papers were published in this field, with an average growth rate of 133.2%. India ranked third globally in publication volume with 383 papers, but its average citations per paper (CPP) were 6.55, much below the global average of 21.71. Conference papers dominated India's output (58.49%) but had a low CPP of 2.92, in contrast to higher-impact journal articles (11.29 CPP). Key institutions such as SRM Institute of Science and Technology were highly productive, while others, such as the GLA University, demonstrated high citation impact. The most prevalent keywords were \"generative adversarial networks\" and \"medical imaging,\" highlighting a strong focus on technical applications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Indian research in GAI in healthcare imaging is marked by a significant increase in output, establishing the country as a major contributor. Although India ranks third globally in research output, its citation impact remains below the global average, reflecting the need to improve research quality, visibility, and international collaboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":15512,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Imaging Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paradoxical giftedness and memory decline after anterior communicating artery aneurysm clipping: A high-resolution MRI case report.","authors":"Shunji Mugikura, Naoko Mori","doi":"10.25259/JCIS_179_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/JCIS_179_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amnesia is a well-documented complication following surgical repair of anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms. 3D MRI has clarified that it is primarily caused by infarction of the subcallosal artery, the largest unpaired perforating branch of the ACoA. Bilateral infarction of the columns of the fornix, a core component of the Papez circuit, has been identified as the anatomical basis of such amnesia. Another perforating artery prone to surgical injury is the recurrent artery of Heubner (RAH), which arises from the A1 to A2 junction of the anterior cerebral artery and is usually present bilaterally. When RAH infarction co-occurs with subcallosal artery infarction during ACoA aneurysm surgery, memory impairment may be accompanied by reduced processing speed and a worse long-term outcome. We report a 63-year-old man who underwent surgical clipping for a ruptured ACoA aneurysm. 3D-MR images obtained 10 months postoperatively revealed bilateral infarctions in the subcallosal artery territory, including the columns of the fornix, as well as a right-sided infarction in the RAH territory. Clinical correlation showed that these findings matched the patient's paradoxical cognitive profile, confirmed by formal neuropsychological testing 5 years after clipping. He demonstrated a dissociation between exceptionally gifted-level intellectual ability and comparatively lower scores in memory and processing speed. His full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) was 144, with a verbal IQ of 156 and working memory of 150, while his general memory score was 115 and processing speed was 110. Although these latter scores fell within the high-average range, they represented a meaningful decline relative to his potential. This profile supports a dual circuit model: Subcallosal artery infarction disrupts the Papez circuit, impairing memory, while RAH infarction contributes to inefficiency through frontostriatal disconnection. This case of paradoxical giftedness with memory decline underscores the value of 3D MR imaging in revealing memory decline masked by cognitive reserve.</p>","PeriodicalId":15512,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Imaging Science","volume":"15 ","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}