Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials最新文献

{"title":"Ultrasound-boosted low-detergent decellularization yields biocompatible skin scaffolds with native ECM integrity.","authors":"Sbonelo Khanyile, Mzwandile Mbele, Nonhlanhla P Khumalo, Ardeshir Bayat","doi":"10.1177/22808000261465563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000261465563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Xenogeneic scaffolds derived from porcine skin offer a promising alternative due to their structural and biochemical similarities to human skin. However, current decellularization strategies compromise extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity, porosity, or mechanical performance, limiting applicability. Here, we developed a decellularized porcine matrix (DEPOMA) scaffold using an ultrasound-assisted low-detergent strategy designed to achieve effective cellular removal while preserving ECM architecture. Specifically, we focused on combining ultrasonication, hypertonic/hypotonic treatments, and reduced Triton X-100 exposure. Our protocol effectively removed cellular components with over 99% deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) removal, while preserving key basement membrane and dermal proteins, as seen by quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) demonstrating 76% Laminin, approximately 66% Collagen IV, and 889% Elastin retention relative to native tissue. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demostrated that DEPOMA maintained native dermal ultrastructure with enhanced and uniformly distributed porosity, quantified using DIGIMIZER image analysis. Uniaxial tensile testing on DEPOMA demonstrated preserved mechanical properties comparable to native skin. The DEPOMA scaffold demonstrated markedly enhanced biocompatibility, supporting a 3.4-fold increase in primary human fibroblast metabolic activity compared to controls. In a porcine full-thickness ex vivo wound model, DEPOMA showed progressive host-derived cellular infiltration reaching a penetration depth of 147 µm after 21 days, consistent with active scaffold integration and remodeling. When benchmarked against a detergent-based decellularized scaffold and a commercial dermal regeneration template, DEPOMA exhibited significantly improved cell viability and proliferative capacity. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that ultrasound-assisted low-detergent decellularization enables superior ECM preservation, structural integrity, and biological performance, supporting DEPOMA as a translationally optimized dermal scaffold for wound healing and regenerative medicine applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"24 ","pages":"22808000261465563"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148712583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polydopamine-functionalized silk-based biomaterial for non-antibiotic antimicrobial therapy.","authors":"Munguti Peter Muindi, Marianne Mureithi, Bosire Kefa, Anzala Omu, George Ichoho, Mbirua Elijah, Gichuru Anthony","doi":"10.1177/22808000261497115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000261497115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silk fibroin is a highly promising biomaterial for wound dressings; however, its lack of inherent antibacterial activity limits broader clinical adoption. In this study, robust antibacterial properties were successfully conferred onto electrospun silk fibroin nanofiber mats using a mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) dip-coating strategy. Primary dip-coating deposited a uniform PDA nanolayer that served as an adhesive scaffold, enabling subsequent anchoring of dopamine nanoparticles during secondary coating. This hierarchical structure markedly increased surface roughness and reactive catechol density. Antibacterial evaluation against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> showed that secondary PDA-coated mats substantially reduced bacterial colonization relative to both primary-coated and unmodified controls. Secondary coating cycles further enhanced antibacterial performance. Cytocompatibility assessment performed according to ISO 10993-5 confirmed excellent biocompatibility of the modified mats, with no significant cytotoxicity observed. This simple, versatile, and antibiotic-free functionalization approach significantly improves the translational potential of silk fibroin nanofibers as next-generation antibacterial wound dressings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"24 ","pages":"22808000261497115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial bile duct made of GelMA-SA hybrid hydrogel for bile duct repair.","authors":"Taotao Liu, Xingguang Zhang, Nan Li, Wenhao Ma, Wei Xu, Huijuan Fan, Shihai Xia, Runli Ji","doi":"10.1177/22808000261433066","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000261433066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The management of critical-sized bile duct defects remains a significant clinical challenge, as current options like autologous grafts and synthetic stents provide mechanical support but lack the bioactivity needed for functional regeneration. To address this, we developed a novel tissue-engineered artificial bile duct using a photocrosslinkable gelatin methacryloyl-sodium alginate (GelMA-SA) hybrid hydrogel. This biomimetic artificial bile duct synergizes the superior cell-adhesion of GelMA with the mechanical robustness of SA. A systematically optimized GelMA-SA formulation demonstrated ideal physicochemical properties, including suitable mechanical strength, controlled degradation kinetics, and a conducive microarchitecture for cell growth. Comprehensive in vitro studies confirmed the excellent biocompatibility of artificial bile duct, promoting the proliferation of biliary epithelial cells. Our findings establish this GelMA-SA hybrid hydrogel-based artificial bile duct as a promising repair solution. It effectively bridges the gap between structural support and biological functionality, offering a versatile platform technology for biliary reconstruction and tubular tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"24 ","pages":"22808000261433066"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone-derived bioactive substrates promote axonal sprouting but elicit astrocyte reactivity: Implications for CNS-repair scaffold design.","authors":"Orly E Weiss, Michael Kirby, Danny Baranes","doi":"10.1177/22808000261425396","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000261425396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mineralized bone is increasingly considered as a functional substrate for regenerative applications, yet its impact on neuron-glia remodeling remains insufficiently defined. We cultured ex vivo injured rat hippocampal tissue on glass coverslips either uncoated or coated with micron-scale mouse skull bone particles and quantified neurite architecture and astrocyte morphology. Bone-particle substrates supported robust adhesion and selectively modulated process development. Axons on bone displayed a 2.8-fold increase in varicosity-like expansion size and 2.2-fold higher neurofilament-M expression relative to glass, indicating potentiated axonal sprouting. In contrast, dendrites exhibited 20% shorter mean length and 73% lower branching. Astrocytes on bone showed 21% shorter processes with 34% fewer processes per cell; total cell area and GFAP levels were unchanged. However, astrocytes displayed increased circularity, decreased roundness, and elevated solidity-morphologies consistent with a reactive, potentially chronic, state. Together, these data identify mineralized bone as a bioactive osseous substrate that enhances axonogenesis while biasing astrocytes toward reactivity. This divergence suggests design trade-offs for osseous or mineral-hybrid scaffolds aimed at central nervous system repair. Our findings provide quantitative guidance for engineering bone-derived or mineral-composite scaffolds that differentially control neuronal and glial outcomes in neural repair strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"24 ","pages":"22808000261425396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147868086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study on the biodegradation behavior of octacalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite coated WE43 magnesium alloys.","authors":"Le Van Hai, Do Nhu Ngoc, Pham Mai Khanh, Nguyen Viet Nam","doi":"10.1177/22808000261431918","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000261431918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to compare the degradation behavior and protection mechanisms of biodegradable WE43 alloys coated with two different calcium phosphate (Ca-P) phases-octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA)-to identify an effective surface modification strategy for biodegradable material applications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>OCP and HA coatings were deposited on WE43 substrates and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The degradation behavior was evaluated through immersion tests in Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS) by monitoring surface morphology, magnesium ion release, and pH variation over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>XRD confirmed the successful formation of OCP and HA phases, while SEM revealed distinct morphologies: porous, plate-like structures for OCP and dense, compact layers for HA. Immersion testing demonstrated that both coatings reduced magnesium ion release and stabilized the solution pH compared with uncoated WE43. The HA coating exhibited superior corrosion resistance, maintaining the lowest Mg²⁺ release and most stable pH, attributed to its high crystallinity, compact structure, and self-healing apatite reprecipitation during immersion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both Ca-P coatings improved the corrosion resistance of WE43 alloy; however, the HA layer provided markedly enhanced and more stable protection. The HA-coated WE43 alloy shows great potential for biodegradable implant applications requiring controlled degradation and sustained biocompatibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"24 ","pages":"22808000261431918"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147468080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and vibration transmissibility analysis of a biofidelic human brain model.","authors":"Shivam Verma, Arnab Banerjee, Arnab Chanda","doi":"10.1177/22808000261463818","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000261463818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vibrations can have harmful effects on the human brain and are associated with neurological damage, cognitive impairments, and an increased risk of traumatic brain injuries (TBI). Exposure to low-frequency vibrations, such as those encountered in blast events, contact sports, and accidents, can induce resonance within the brain, potentially amplifying mechanical stress and strain on neural structures. To better understand these effects, this study examines the mechanical response of a cerebrum-shaped human brain simulant subjected to vertical vibrations within the 1-12 Hz frequency range. Using a full-scale biofidelic brain model fabricated from a multi-part polymeric material, experimental measurements and a simplified mathematical model were employed to analyse vibration transmissibility characteristics. The first resonance peak was observed between 4-4.2 Hz, aligning with previously reported frequency ranges. Regional variations in transmissibility were observed within the experimental model, with relatively higher transmissibility in the temporal region at approximately 8 Hz, while the left and right hemispheric regions exhibited resonance peaks at 2, 9, and 11 Hz, along with an intermediate anti-resonance feature. The absence of surrounding anatomical structures, such as the skull and cerebrospinal fluid, may contribute to the observed transmissibility levels. These findings provide baseline experimental data on the vibration response of a developed biofidelic brain model and contribute to the understanding of vibration transmissibility behavior in controlled laboratory settings. The developed model offers a repeatable experimental platform that may support future investigations into brain vibration dynamics and the progressive development of more anatomically and mechanically representative models for safety and injury biomechanics research.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"24 ","pages":"22808000261463818"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148375754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic characterization of selected biomaterial surfaces: Comparison of surface free energy approaches.","authors":"Frank Rupp, Jacob Schultheiss, Bertram Herzog, Katharina Keppeler, Stefanie Krajewski","doi":"10.1177/22808000261447492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000261447492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The thermodynamic surface properties of biomaterials play a key role in governing interfacial interactions and are commonly characterized by surface free energy (SFE) and its components derived from wetting data. However, different theoretical approaches used for SFE determination may yield substantially different results, particularly for polar and high-energy surfaces. In this study, the total surface free energy and its components were systematically analyzed for a range of clinically relevant biomaterial surfaces, including titanium, gold, cobalt-chromium alloy, nano-hydroxyapatite, and amorphous Teflon, prepared as smooth thin films on glass substrates. Static contact angles with water, glycerol, ethylene glycol, and diiodomethane were measured to assess wettability and to calculate SFE using three commonly applied models: the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble (geometric mean) approach, the Lifshitz-van der Waals/acid-base (LW-AB) approach, and the equation of state (EOS) approach. These models estimate total SFE as well as nonpolar, polar, and acid-base components, enabling a detailed comparison of model-dependent surface energetic data. The results show good agreement between the different approaches for low-energy, hydrophobic surfaces, whereas pronounced discrepancies occur for hydrophilic, high-energy materials, particularly in the calculated polar and acid-base contributions. While total SFE values were partly consistent across methods, the relative magnitudes of individual SFE components strongly depended on the applied theoretical model. Overall, this study highlights that SFE should not be considered an intrinsic material property but a model-dependent descriptor. Careful selection of the SFE calculation approach and cautious interpretation of SFE components are essential when using thermodynamic surface analysis to compare biomaterial surfaces or to relate surface energetics to interfacial phenomena such as biofilm formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"24 ","pages":"22808000261447492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148387608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decellularized camel intestinal submucosa as a cytokine-modulating platform for platelet lysate delivery in full-thickness wound healing.","authors":"Aliakbar Yousefi-Ahmadipour, Afsaneh Mirzahosseini-Pourranjbar, Fatemeh Asadi, Morteza Khademolhosseini, Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi, Mohammad Reza Mirzaei, Manira Maarof","doi":"10.1177/22808000261465725","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000261465725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundChronic and extensive skin wounds remain a major clinical challenge requiring advanced regenerative strategies. Decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds and platelet derivatives support tissue repair by providing essential structural and biological signals. This study evaluated decellularized camel small intestine submucosa (CSIS) alone or combined with platelet lysate (PL) for full-thickness skin wound healing in rats.MethodsCSIS was prepared via detergent-based decellularization and characterized histologically and via DNA quantification. Following <i>in vitro</i> biocompatibility testing with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using an MTT assay, 1.5 × 1.5 cm full-thickness dorsal wounds in male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control, CSIS, PL, or CSIS+PL groups. Wound closure was tracked macroscopically on days 7, 14, and 21. Wound tissues were analyzed via histopathology, RT-qPCR for inflammatory genes (<i>CD68, CD28, IL-1, IL-6, TGF-β</i>), and ELISA for TNF-α and IL-17.ResultsDecellularization efficiently removed cellular components while preserving ECM architecture and supported good MSC viability. <i>In vivo</i>, all treated groups showed faster wound closure than control, with near-complete healing in the CSIS+PL group by day 21 (residual area: 1.02 ± 1.24 mm² vs. 33.55 ± 12.45 mm² in control, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Histology demonstrated thicker epidermis, more organized dermis, and reduced inflammatory infiltrate in CSIS and especially CSIS+PL wounds. At day 7, CSIS+PL significantly decreased mRNA levels of <i>CD68</i>, <i>CD28</i>, and <i>IL-1</i>, moderately lowered <i>IL-6</i>, and increased <i>TGF-β</i> compared with control. TNF-α and IL-17 protein levels in wound tissue were also significantly reduced (TNF-α: 4.7 ± 0.9 pg/mg; IL-17: 3.7 ± 0.5 pg/mg in CSIS+PL vs. control, <i>p</i> < 0.01).ConclusionCSIS is a biocompatible scaffold that supports skin regeneration, and its combination with PL enhances wound healing by modulating inflammation and promoting tissue remodeling. This strategy may represent a promising approach for the treatment of complex cutaneous defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"24 ","pages":"22808000261465725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148360840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and properties of polylactic acid/chitosan composite nanofiber hydrogel for repairing tracheoesophageal fistula.","authors":"Zhikui Luo, Qiang Cao, Leilin Zhu, Mengting Tan, Zhichao Xiao, Junai Zhu, Xinyu Liu, Fusen Peng, Ying Zhang","doi":"10.1177/22808000251412527","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000251412527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present study, polylactic acid (PLA) was incorporated to ameliorate the rheological and mechanical properties of chitosan (CS)-based hydrogels. A novel injectable chitosan/polylactic acid (CS/PLA) nanofiber composite hydrogel, fabricated via the electrospinning technique, was developed for the sealing and repair of fistulas, thereby functioning as an innovative biomaterial for the treatment of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). Experimental data demonstrated that the CS/PLA composite nanofiber hydrogel exhibits superior mechanical properties, favorable rheological behavior, and prominent antimicrobial activity. At the optimal ratio, the compressive strength and tensile strength of CS/PLA composite nanofiber hydrogel is 43.7 MPa and 1.38 MPa, and the degradation rate is 68.9% after 10 days. Meanwhile, the antibacterial rates against <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> CS/PLA composite nanofiber hydrogel reached 82.6% and 76.3%, respectively. In vitro experiments were performed to assess the biocompatibility and cell proliferation capacity of the composite hydrogel. The results revealed that the CS/PLA composite nanofiber hydrogel can effectively facilitate the proliferation and migration of target cells, while simultaneously exhibiting favorable biocompatibility. These findings indicate that the CS/PLA composite nanofiber hydrogel possesses considerable application potential in TEF repair, thereby offering an innovative and efficient biomaterial option for clinical intervention of TEF.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"24 ","pages":"22808000251412527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146010377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium carbonate polymorphs enhance coagulation in citrated blood via platelet concentration and calcium release.","authors":"Roni M Hendler, Orly E Weiss, Bhuwan Bhaskar, Akansha Kothidar, Liat Hammer, Romi Feigelman, Danny Baranes","doi":"10.1177/22808000251414598","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000251414598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Citrate, widely used as an anticoagulant in transfusion and extracorporeal therapies, disrupts calcium-dependent coagulation by chelating ionized calcium, resulting in hypocalcemia and severe coagulopathy. This interference elevates bleeding risks and may trigger hemorrhagic shock. Current treatments for local bleedings in the context of citrate-induced coagulopathy include topical hemostats that either provide a physical barrier to the bleeding or activate platelets and the coagulation cascade. This study investigates the potential of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) to counteract the citrate coagulopathic effect by promoting coagulation through calcium ion release and platelet aggregation. In vitro assays demonstrated that various CaCO₃ polymorphs significantly enhance coagulation in citrated blood. Both coral-derived aragonite and synthetic calcite reduced coagulation time, with calcite particles achieving up to a 2-fold reduction. Prothrombin and Partial Thromboplastin Times decreased by 13% and 24%, respectively, with calcite treatment. Moreover, calcite reduced circulating platelet counts by 13% while directly binding platelets, indicating effective recruitment, and raised free calcium levels in plasma by 2.6-fold compared to controls. These dual effects-calcium elevation and platelet concentration-suggest that CaCO₃ is a promising hemostatic agent for addressing bleeding in citrate-induced coagulopathy, offering innovative solutions for transfusion medicine and critical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"24 ","pages":"22808000251414598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146226863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}