Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials最新文献

{"title":"Graphene oxide-reinforced thermosensitive hydrogel co-delivering paclitaxel and dexamethasone for restenosis prevention.","authors":"Jinping Sheng, Rui Jiang, Peng Wang, Jianhao Li, Feizhou Du","doi":"10.1177/22808000261421276","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000261421276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Restenosis remains a significant limitation of vascular intervention procedures, primarily driven by the proliferation and inflammation of human-derived vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs). This study developed a thermosensitive chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (CS-β-GP) hydrogel reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) for the localized co-delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) and dexamethasone (DEX). The incorporation of GO increased the storage modulus from approximately 3.95 kPa to 6.96 kPa, enhancing mechanical strength and accelerating gelation near body temperature (~36°C-37°C). SEM analysis revealed a porous, interconnected structure that supports drug delivery, while swelling was moderate (~145% at 6 h) and degradation resistance was improved, with the hydrogel retaining 80% of its mass in PBS after 30 days. Drug loading favored PTX (70% at 60 μg/mL) over DEX (17%) with sustained release profiles. Biologically, the dual-drug hydrogel (CS-β-GP-GO@PTX-DEX) selectively reduced hVSMC viability, migration, proliferation (~30%, ~20%, and ~30%, respectively), while preserving endothelial cell viability (~60%) and lowering proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β ~100 pg/mL, IL-6 ~110 pg/mL, TNF-α ~70 pg/mL). These findings establish the CS-β-GP-GO@PTX-DEX hydrogel as a mechanically robust, selective, and effective platform for preventing restenosis and enhancing vascular tissue regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"24 ","pages":"22808000261421276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146194600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of antibacterial potential of oxygenation agent on titanium surfaces: In vitro study.","authors":"Lamya M Khalaf, Saleh S AlOraini, Hamdan S Alghamdi, Mohammed A AlSarhan","doi":"10.1177/22808000261475808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000261475808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundPeri-implantitis management remains an evolving field, and no gold standard treatment exists. Although oxygen-based agents show promise in periodontal therapy, there's limited data on their use in peri-implantitis. This study is aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial activity of an Oxygen-rich fluid (ORF) against titanium surface infected with peri-implant colonizing bacteria, namely, <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>).Materials and MethodsTitanium discs inoculated with E. coli or S. aureus were assigned to 100% ORF, ORF at its MIC, 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) as a positive control, or broth as a negative control. Discs were exposed to 1 mL of the assigned solution for 1 min, then assessed for viable bacteria by colony-forming units (CFU) and biofilm adhesion by crystal violet staining (OD600). Surface morphology was examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy.ResultsORF showed a downward trend in bacterial load and biofilm adhesion on Ti discs against both <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>. CHX produced the greatest reduction, while 100% ORF showed an intermediate effect and MIC ORF the least reduction. However, after post hoc analysis, only the CHX vs control comparison remained statistically significant (p< 0.002). FE-SEM images showing clear membrane disruption CHX and 100% ORF groups, while MIC ORF group exposure left more intact membrane boundaries.ConclusionORF showed a favorable trend in reducing <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> bacterial counts and biofilm attachment on titanium surfaces, although CHX remained more effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"24 ","pages":"22808000261475808"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148712610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the antibacterial properties of lipoic acid-functionalized silver nanoparticles.","authors":"Lhana Erylle A Dela Cruz, Richard D Espiritu, Eduardo R Magdaluyo","doi":"10.1177/22808000261442268","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000261442268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly explored as alternatives to conventional antibiotics in wound care due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. This study evaluates the antibacterial performance of α-lipoic acid-functionalized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-LA) using an integrated experimental-computational approach combining molecular dynamics simulations and experimental validation. AgNPs-LA were synthesized via a controlled hydrothermal method employing biogenic reduction of silver ions to minimize cytotoxicity. Structural and compositional analyses confirmed successful surface functionalization with α-lipoic acid and D-glucose. Morphological characterization revealed predominantly spherical nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 37 to 90 nm. Antimicrobial agar disk diffusion assays demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Specifically, AgNPs-LA at 40 μg/mL produced inhibition zones statistically comparable to gentamicin against <i>S.</i> <i>aureus</i> and <i>P.</i> <i>aeruginosa</i> (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Molecular dynamics simulations performed under isothermal-isochoric (constant number of particles, volume, and temperature; NVT) canonical ensemble indicated that the disulfide moiety of lipoic acid serves as the primary anchoring group to the silver surface, conferring stability through the formation of a structured hydrophobic surface layer. This interfacial configuration enhances nanoparticle stability and may improve pharmacokinetic clearance, thereby reducing the risk of systemic toxicity. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of AgNPs-LA as a safe and effective antimicrobial platform for wound management applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"24 ","pages":"22808000261442268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of a smart obstetric dressing with a visual indication function.","authors":"Chi-Kang Lin, Ting-Teng Wang, Meng-Yi Bai","doi":"10.1177/22808000261431501","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000261431501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excessive adhesion between dressings and the wound bed often causes secondary tissue damage and delays healing during dressing removal. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a multifunctional moisture-containing nonwoven dressing composed of silk fibroin protein (SF), polycaprolactone (PCL), and ellagic acid (EA) to improve wound healing while allowing visual assessment of moisture. A composite nonwoven fabric integrating SF, PCL, and EA was fabricated and characterized using spectroscopic analysis to evaluate its fluorescence properties. In vitro cytocompatibility was assessed in the four fibroblast cell lines using cell viability assays. In vivo wound-healing efficacy was investigated in an animal model, and histological evaluation was performed using Masson's trichrome staining and histomorphometric analysis. Spectroscopic measurements indicated that SF and EA synergistically produced bright blue-violet fluorescence under UV illumination, with the fluorescence intensity increasing proportionally to the SF concentration. Cytocompatibility assays confirmed excellent biocompatibility, with all treatment groups maintaining >80% cell viability and the indicator fabric alone exceeding 100%. In vivo studies revealed that both the SF-based indicator fabric and the EA-integrated dressing significantly accelerated re-epithelialization and dermal remodeling compared to a commercial hydrogel control. Histological analysis revealed denser collagen deposition and increased neovascularization in the SF-treated wounds. The SF/PCL/EA moisture-indicating dressing demonstrated dual functionality by serving as an effective visual indicator of exudate and promoting tissue repair. This composite dressing provides both therapeutic and diagnostic benefits for advanced wound-care applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"24 ","pages":"22808000261431501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147690495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a pressure hemostatic dressing with the coagulation properties of sodium alginate as a base material.","authors":"Yu-Ju Lai, Meng-Yi Bai, Ren-Yu Hwang, Yu-Chi Wang","doi":"10.1177/22808000261469360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000261469360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to develop a novel hemostatic dressing capable of exerting pressure-assisted hemostasis, promoting platelet aggregation, and enhancing the absorption of blood and tissue exudates. The Alginate/calcium chloride (Alg/CaCl₂) dressing was fabricated by crosslinking sodium alginate with calcium chloride, resulting in the formation of a stable gel network, which was subsequently freeze-dried to obtain a porous structure. In vitro evaluations were performed using L929 mouse fibroblasts to assess cytotoxicity, platelet aggregation, and platelet activation. The biosafety of the dressing was further examined using a rabbit skin irritation model following both topical application and subcutaneous injection. In addition, the pressure-assisted hemostatic effect of the dressing was evaluated using a customized compression device incorporating the Alg/CaCl₂ dressing.The results demonstrated that the Alg/CaCl₂ dressing promoted platelet aggregation and activation while exhibiting minimal cytotoxicity at most tested concentrations, indicating favorable biocompatibility. The dressing possessed a highly porous structure and excellent fluid absorption capacity. Furthermore, the sustained release of physiologically active calcium ions may facilitate platelet activation and fibrin formation, thereby accelerating the hemostatic process. In vivo assessments revealed no significant skin irritation or adverse tissue reactions following either topical application or subcutaneous injection, supporting its safety for biomedical applications. Moreover, compression testing in the animal model demonstrated that the Alg/CaCl₂ dressing generated greater compressive force than commercially available hemostatic products, contributing to enhanced pressure-assisted hemostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"24 ","pages":"22808000261469360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimuli-responsive microneedles: Engineered solutions for multifaceted diabetic wound healing.","authors":"Fengyuan Wang, Jue Zhang, Bing Han, Ming Chen, Xiyu Wang, Ke Wang, Jiaxi Kou, Guopu Chen, Fenghua Sun","doi":"10.1177/22808000261456607","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000261456607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic wounds are among the most common complications in patients with diabetes, often occurring in the lower extremities and manifesting as diabetic foot ulcers. These wounds are often associated with issues such as infection, peripheral artery disease, hyperglycemia, and hypoxia, making them difficult to heal and prone to becoming chronic wounds. MNs enable painless, controlled transdermal drug delivery, overcoming limitations of traditional methods such as poor permeability and short drug duration. Stimuli-responsive microneedles targeting specific triggers have developed rapidly in recent years and are expected to contribute to the realization of precision medicine. Diabetic wounds are often accompanied by microenvironmental imbalance, and this complex wound milieu frequently causes them to progress into refractory wounds. Stimuli-responsive microneedles therefore represent a promising therapeutic strategy. Current studies in this field are still mainly limited to single-stimulus-responsive microneedles, whereas multifunctional microneedles capable of responding to multiple stimuli have not yet been fully developed. This review summarizes the research foundation and current progress of stimuli-responsive microneedles for the treatment of diabetic wounds, and further discusses the future prospects and potential directions of multi-stimuli-responsive microneedles. In addition, this review clarifies the conceptual boundary between truly stimuli-responsive microneedles and microenvironment-associated therapeutic platforms, compares major responsive strategies and microneedle platforms, and discusses key translational barriers including mechanical robustness, manufacturing scalability, cargo stability, model relevance, and regulatory considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"24 ","pages":"22808000261456607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148030647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a human-derived bioink based on keratin methacrylate for corneal bioprinting.","authors":"Leon Balters, Stephan Reichl","doi":"10.1177/22808000261453778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000261453778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of suitable bioinks for bioprinting is still a key issue in the field of tissue engineering. Most of the biomaterials used are derived from animal sources. A novel bioink for corneal stroma bioprinting based on chemically modified keratin derived from human hair waste was developed and evaluated. To confirm the successful functionalization of methacrylated keratin (KerMA), various characterization methods such as ¹H-NMR, IR as well as a cytotoxity assay were performed. The newly developed biomaterial KerMA was mixed with methacrylated hyaluronic acid and bioprinted with cells as a corneal stroma substitute. Two different cell types were encapsulated in the bioink, immortalized corneal keratocytes and human corneal fibroblasts. The printed constructs were crosslinked under UV light and cultured for up to four weeks. The bioprinted constructs were monitored for four weeks for optical transparency, cell viability (live/dead staining), biomechanical properties and protein expression by indirect immunofluorescence. Furthermore, human corneal epithelial cells were seeded on top of the bioprinted constructs and demonstrated high cell viability. The bioprinted constructs showed good optical transparency and decent biomechanical properties. The addition of KerMA to methacrylated hyaluronic acid led to an improvement in cell viability and protein expression. This bioink approach offers a sustainable, ethically sourced alternative to animal-derived materials. It forms the basis for future in vitro and in vivo studies on the development of corneal tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"24 ","pages":"22808000261453778"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148338758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitinol shape memory alloy (NiTi SMA): Materials and applications in medical devices.","authors":"Samira Gholizadeh, Sudesh Sivarasu","doi":"10.1177/22808000261453192","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000261453192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The selection of materials for biomedical applications is governed by stringent requirements, including biocompatibility, biological safety, corrosion resistance, and mechanical compatibility with human tissues. Among metallic biomaterials, equiatomic nickel-titanium shape memory alloys (NiTi SMAs), commonly known as Nitinol, have attracted significant attention for medical device applications due to their unique functional properties, particularly super elasticity (SE) and the shape memory effect (SME), which distinguish them from conventional alloys. These functional behaviors originate from reversible stress- and temperature-induced martensitic phase transformations, enabling the material to undergo large deformations and recover its original shape without permanent damage. This unique mechanism allows Nitinol to exhibit exceptional flexibility and durability under physiological conditions. Furthermore, compared with conventional metallic biomaterials, Nitinol demonstrates a relatively low elastic modulus closer to that of cortical bone, while maintaining high strength. This review provides a focused overview of recent advances in Nitinol alloys, emphasizing their functional characteristics, underlying mechanisms, and applications in biomedical devices such as stents, guidewires, and orthodontic arch wires. In addition, the manuscript briefly discusses current challenges associated with NiTi biomaterials, and highlights existing strategies aimed at improving their reliability in biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"24 ","pages":"22808000261453192"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148204888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-polymerization dimensional accuracy of fast and superfast vinylpolysiloxane-based jaw relation recording materials: An in vitro study.","authors":"Ali Y Alsaeed, Bandar M A Al-Makramani, Praveen Gangadharappa, Khurshid Mattoo, Mohammed E Sayed, Nisreen Nabiel Hassan, Ebrahim Fihaid Alsubaiy, Majed S Altoman, Saad Saleh AlResayes, Firas K Alqarawi","doi":"10.1177/22808000261431923","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000261431923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Development of a biocompatible functional dental occlusion requires maxillo mandibular relation records. Clinical errors in these physical records are mostly caused by protracted clinical setting times. If dimensionally accurate and stable, recently introduced fast and superfast vinlpolysiloxane-based recording materials could reduce these inaccuracies, however such studies have yet not been attempted. This in-vitro study determined the post-polymerization dimensional accuracy of novel fast/superfast vinyl polysiloxane (VPS)-based jaw relation recording materials (JRRM). Four VPS-based JRRMs (Primo, Mark 3, Jetbite, and Defend) with three polymerization variants [regular, fast, and superfast] were investigated for dimensional accuracy. 180 samples allotted to four controls [PR, MR, JR, DR] and eight experimental [fast set (PF, MF, JF, DF); superfast (PSF, MSF, JSF, DSF)] were observed under a stereomicroscope using three different measurement coordinates between the X and Y axes, as specified by american dental association specification number 19. A one-way ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis) rank test determined median scores, followed by a post hoc (Dunn) test. All probability \"p\" values were judged to be significant at 0.05. The one-way ANOVA showed significant differences between studied groups, with all regular setting JRRMs except Mark 3 showing the least overall linear changes, followed by super-fast set and fast set. Gp MR showed the highest [Mdn(IQR); 25.19(0.02)], while Gp DSF showed the least [25.00(0.02)] against original die measurements. All fast-set and superfast-set JRRMs showed expansion in terms of physical change. Mark 3 (regular, fast, and superfast) showed clinically unacceptable dimensional changes after 1 h of VPS-based JRRM setting. Defend Superfast was the most accurate material, including regular. Clinically, different variants fulfill dimensional accuracy and stability at various time intervals, therefore different variants may be indicated for specific purposes in fabrication of occlusion for a dental prosthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"24 ","pages":"22808000261431923"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147529184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does melatonin gel improve alveolar preservation? A triple-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.","authors":"Ingrid Chaves Cavalcante Kischinhevsky, Adriana Terezinha Neves Novellino Alves, Caio Márcio Sorrentino de Freitas Farias Dos Santos, Rafael Bonato, Suelen Cristina Sartoretto, Carlos Fernando Mourão, José Mauro Granjeiro, Mônica Diuana Calasans-Maia","doi":"10.1177/22808000261422958","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000261422958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preserving ridge volume after tooth extraction is essential for predictable implant outcomes. Various techniques and biomaterials have been proposed to minimize post-extraction dimensional changes. Melatonin, a pineal hormone, is an important mediator of new bone formation. The effect of melatonin gel incorporated into a porcine xenogeneic collagen sponge in post-extraction sockets has not been evaluated in humans, making this trial novel.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the effect of melatonin gel incorporated into a collagen sponge on intra-socket bone formation and tissue characteristics in post-extraction sockets.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty participants requiring extraction of premolars or molars with adjacent teeth were randomly allocated to test (<i>n</i> = 10) and control (<i>n</i> = 10) groups. After extraction, sockets were filled with xenogenic collagen sponge containing either melatonin gel (1.2 mg; test) or placebo gel (control). Ninety days later, during implant placement, bone samples were harvested using a trephine drill. Samples were processed for histomorphometric analysis of newly formed bone and connective tissue. Secondary outcomes included descriptive microscopic histology, quantitative microcomputed tomography (µCT) analyses and intra-alveolar volumetric analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Histomorphometry revealed significantly greater bone density in the test group (44.0%) than in the control group (35.4%; <i>p</i> = 0.0099), with a mean difference of 8.6% ± 3.2%. Microscopic evaluation showed increased osteoblastic activity in the test group. Quantitative µCT analysis confirmed more new bone formation in the test group, although qualitative bone characteristics did not differ between groups. The intra-alveolar bone volume formed was numerically higher in the test group than in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incorporating melatonin gel into a collagen sponge enhanced bone repair in human post-extraction sockets over 90 days. This clinical trial is registered at the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC; https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br): RBR-67jkxsj.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"24 ","pages":"22808000261422958"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146258246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}