Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials最新文献

{"title":"An assessment of synthesis technique for porous nano and micro fibrous wound dressings with natural oil supplements.","authors":"Meltem Kum, Levent Sendogdular, Selda Topcu Sendogdular","doi":"10.1177/22808000251314106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000251314106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For millennia, aloe vera (AV) and eucalyptus oil (EO) have been recognized as natural sources of healing and have been utilized for medicinal purposes in the realm of health. As an attempt to treat pressure sores, AV and eucalyptus oil were added as supplements to biocompatible and biodegradable poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) polymer to synthesize nano and micro fibrous wound dressings by the electrospinning process. Additive solubility in polymeric matrix is the key parameter to achieve the synthesis of homogeneous fibers with controlled release of therapeutic oils, cure and humidity; therefore, lecithin as herbal (soybean) based emulsifier was used to control additive/polymer solubility. In this study, fibrous dressing in mat form with antioxidant activity was successfully obtained with the addition of natural AV and EO in PEO polymer solutions through electrospinning technique. Subsequently, the synthesized fibers were examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), moisture absorption and UV-Vis spectroscopy. SEM imaging demonstrated the formation of randomly-oriented and beadless fibers with size of 0.48 ± 0.23 µm out of PEO/AV/EO/Lecithin blend and also with the addition of lecithin, fiber thicknesses were observed to be increasing. Moisture absorption analysis revealed that the weight of fibrous mat was affected by the humidity of the ambient environment. Relative humidity for 7 days ranged between 32% and 37% and it was observed that lecithin content increased the moisture retention rate by 50%. Uv-Vis results suggested that a more regular performance has been achieved with lecithin being involved in terms of timely manner changes; therefore, the contrast of samples between hours and days became more distinctive. PEO/AV/EO/Lecithin nanofiber also indicated antibacterial ability against <i>Escherichia coli</i> with approximately 18.5 mm diameter of inhibition. This research proves that the potential for developing biocompatible wound dressings with long-lasting moisture to the wound is possible through the use of these natural healing agents made homogeneously distributed through structure by the use of emulsifier.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"22808000251314106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled release and antibioticeffect of vancomycin-loaded poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) nanoparticles as a smart drug delivery system.","authors":"Liang Lei, Shanlong Li, Xuefeng Kang, Jian Shang","doi":"10.1177/22808000241291824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000241291824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous studies have addressed the use of vancomycin (VA) to effectively treat bacterial infections. However, VA is known to cause side effects when administered intravenously. Herein, monodisperse poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hollow nanocapsules were synthesized at the interface of a water-in-oil (W/O) single emulsion via Shirasu porous glass (SPG) membrane emulsification and UV-initiated polymerization. In water solutions, the PNIPAAm nanocapsules were able to encapsulate VA and form a new nanoscale water-soluble drug delivery system, namely, PNIPAAm-VA. In vitro experiments showed that PNIPAAm and PNIPAAm-VA had no cytotoxicity toward human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, the slow hydrolysis of PNIPAAm-VA in vitro led to the progressive release of VA, which was discharged at more than 50% and 80% of its initial concentration within 10 days at 37°C and 40°C, respectively; this subsequently inhibited the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. We believe that our PNIPAAm-VA nanoparticles can potentially be used as an effective injectable for temperature-sensitive materials in vivo to achieve the localized controlled release of drugs as safe and specific therapeutic agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"22808000241291824"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resveratrol-loaded PCL-PEG/GO/HAP biocomposite bone membranes: Evaluation of mechanical properties, release kinetics, and cellular response.","authors":"Betül Meryem Arpacay, Fatih Ciftci, Ali Can Özarslan, Mustafa Unal, Mine Kucak, Aslihan Yelkenci","doi":"10.1177/22808000251314087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000251314087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, biocomposite membranes were developed by incorporating resveratrol (RSV)-loaded PCL-PEG composites, modified with graphene oxide (GO) and hydroxyapatite (HAP). The aim was to enhance hydrophilicity with GO and improve bioactivity with HAP. The release kinetics of RSV was evaluated by using Franz diffusion cells and compared with various kinetic models, including Korsmeyer-Peppas, Higuchi, and Baker, all of which showed high correlation coefficients (<i>R</i>²) close to 0.99. Mechanical tests was performed to determine the suitability of these membranes for tissue engineering applications. The composite membrane modified with GO and HAP exhibited tensile strength of 105.2 ± 5.8 MPa, tensile modulus of 3895 ± 159 MPa, elongation at break of 8.4 ± 0.9%, and toughness of 5.88 ± 0.46 MJ/m³. In vitro cell adhesion studies, visualized using DAPI fluorescence staining, demonstrated increased cell adhesion to the composite membranes over periods of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days. These findings highlight the potential of the RSV-loaded PCL-PEG membranes, enhanced with GO and HAP, for applications in bone tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"22808000251314087"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of multi-pass friction stir alloying on characterization of AZ91D alloy-based dual reinforcement bio-ceramic nano-composites.","authors":"Surendra Kumar Patel, Guoxin Dai, Lu Liu, Zhen Sun, Lei Shi","doi":"10.1177/22808000251314086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000251314086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In current study, microstructural, mechanical and corrosion behaviour were investigated with incorporation of dual reinforced AZ91D surface composites. This research was carried out for enhancement of the bio-degradability in biological environment. The surface composites were successfully fabricated by friction stir processing method with a rotation speed of 800 rpm, travel speed of 80 mm/min and 2.5° tilt angle at multi-passes. The surface properties were characterized via optical, SEM, EDS, XRD and EBSD techniques. The microstructure showed that the reinforcements were equally distributed into the surface matrix after 3-passes for sets of composites. After 3-passes FSP average grain diameter of the composite C (1.61 μm) was smaller than that of composite A (1.86 μm) and composite B (1.63 μm), because of the strong shear deformation and generated friction heat, which occurred via dynamic recrystallization between grains in the processed zones. The microhardness of Composite C (162 Hv) has a higher than the composite A (125.2 Hv) and composite B (146.2 Hv). The ultimate tensile strength of composite A (152.7 MPa) was greater than that of composite B (133 MPa) and composite C (111.3 MPa). Furthermore, the corrosion resistance at 7, 15 and 30 days of immersion of composite C was higher than that of composite A and composite B, because of the domino effects and better bio-mineralization with the addition of Y₂O₃ and ZrO₂ particles. The typically worn surface revealed reduced deep pits, pits and cracks due to better ionization of the hydrogen generated during immersion. Finally, this research was carried out for treatment of bone defects and fractures as well as improving corrosion resistance of the mg-containing biocompatible implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"22808000251314086"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cranioplasty infection in porous hydroxyapatite: Potential antibacterial properties.","authors":"Ismail Zaed, Corrado Iaccarino, Francesca Faedo, Laura Grillini, Elisabetta Galassi, Alessandro Dotti, Angelo Nataloni, Francesca Carolina Mannella, Andrea Cardia","doi":"10.1177/22808000241311389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000241311389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intensive research is dedicated to the development of novel biomaterials and medical devices to be used as grafts in reconstructive surgery, with the purpose of enhancing their therapeutic effectiveness, safety, and durability. A variety of biomaterials, from autologous bone to polymethylmetacrylate, polyether ether ketone, titanium, and calcium-based ceramics are used in cranioplasty. Porous hydroxyapatite (PHA) is reported as a possible material for bone reconstruction, with good signs of biocompatibility, osteoconductive and osteointegrative properties. In the present paper we studied the possible antibacterial properties of PHA in a laboratory test in order to provide a possible overview of the occurrence of post-operative infections in PHA cranioplasty.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The test method has been designed to evaluate the potential antimicrobial activity of specimens under dynamic contact conditions to overcome difficulties in ensuring contact of inoculum to the specimen surface. The test was conducted using <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC6538 as a bacterial strain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two experimental sets were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of the specimens against two different <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> concentrations. The first preliminary test (a) verified the antibacterial property at 0, 1, 2, and 4 h of contact time; the second confirmatory test (b) was repeated to verify the antibacterial property at 0, 4, 8 h. In the first experiment, after the first hour of contact, the bacterial inoculum was reduced by 7.96% compared to \"inoculum only,\" which increased to 26.11% at the second hour, and up to 52.33% after 4 h. In the second experiment, the confirmation test showed that bacterial growth reaches maximum inhibition after 4 h of contact. At 4 h, there was a higher bacterial reduction of 72.93%, which decreased at 8 h (36.45%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Analyzing the growth trend of viable microorganisms under Dynamic Contact Conditions it can be seen that PHA cranioplasty appears to inhibit exponential growth by inducing bacterial stasis in the early hours of contact, reaching a maximum reduction within 4 h, in this adopted experimental condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"22808000241311389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143038852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Less cytotoxic phthalocyanine derivative promotes in vitro wound healing compared to chlorhexidine.","authors":"Caique Andrade Santos, Adriano de Souza Pessoa, Fabiano Vieira Vilhena, Rodrigo Cardoso de Oliveira, Paulo Sérgio da Silva Santos, Carla Andreotti Damante, Mariana Schutzer Ragghianti Zangrando","doi":"10.1177/22808000251314630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000251314630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of adjunct chemical substances in the early postoperative period of periodontal surgical procedures is recommended due to the potential risk of trauma in the operated area. Chlorhexidine digluconate mouthwash is widely used but can cause adverse effects. Phthalocyanine derivatives are being studied as an alternative, demonstrating good antimicrobial activity, especially in the self-activated form, which does not require additional light or chemicals. The objective of this study is to compare the cytotoxicity of different concentrations of a phthalocyanine (PHY) with chlorhexidine (CHX) and assess their influence on fibroblast cell migration. Different concentrations of CHX and PHY (0.0075%-0.12%) were evaluated using NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT and crystal violet (CV) assay; CHX and PHY (0.0075% and 0.12%) were also evaluated by in vitro wound healing assay. PHY was less cytotoxic compared to CHX, based on cell viability assays. PHY did not interfere with experimental healing, allowing cell migration similar to the positive control with both concentrations (PHY 0.0075% and 0.12%) and only 0.0075% CHX allowed cell migration. In a comparative analysis, PHY showed less cytotoxicity than CHX and PHY concentrations of 0.0075% and 0.015% was non-toxic even after 48 h of contact with the cells. This in vitro evaluation demonstrated that PHY was less cytotoxic to NIH 3T3 fibroblasts compared to CHX. Furthermore, the different concentrations of PHY did not interfere negatively in the healing of experimental wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"22808000251314630"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-layered electrospun grafts for surgical repair: Biomimicking physiological ascending aortic compliance.","authors":"Julia Krammer, Maximilian Pichlmaier, Jan Stana, Christian Hagl, Sven Peterss, Maximilian Grab, Linda Grefen","doi":"10.1177/22808000251316728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000251316728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Commercially available Dacron (woven polyester) grafts are used for routine open surgical repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms. Despite durable and biocompatible, these grafts do not reproduce the natural mechanical properties of the aorta. Therefore, the aim of this project was to develop an innovative graft that additionally exhibits physiological aortic compliance. To achieve this result, multi-layered tubular aortic grafts were created by electrospinning of a thermoplastic polyurethane. To reduce permeability, a gelatin-coating was added. Three groups (G_1-3; <i>n</i> = 5) with varying layer designs were evaluated regarding the main mechanical properties of vascular grafts such as suture retention strength, permeability and static and dynamic compliance. G₃, which combined electrospinning with a stable silicone-coated inlay was chosen for the fabrication of medical grade thermoplastic polyurethane grafts (G_m; <i>n</i> = 6). Dynamic compliance values of 19.68 ± 11.5%/100 mmHg (50-90 mmHg), 15.18 ± 8.7%/100 mmHg (80-120 mmHg) and 14.56 ± 7.4%/100 mmHg (110-150 mmHg) were achieved. The compliance was higher than for Dacron and ePTFE grafts and comparable to the normal sized ascending aorta of around 16%/100 mmHg in a healthy human and porcine aortic compliance of 14.3%/100 mmHg. Static compliance was successfully tested up to 350 mmHg. No significant changes in graft diameter or delaminations of the graft layers were detected after compliance testing. Therefore, by combining electrospinning with a durable inlay, both elasticity and recoverability are obtained, resulting in a promising alternative to the gold-standard in open-surgical treatment of thoracic aortic pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"22808000251316728"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amniotic membrane hydrogel as novel injectable platform in combination with metformin for treatment of sciatic nerve injury.","authors":"Zahra Rabiei Dolatabadi, Mona Saheli, Somayeh Solhjoo, Mehran Hosseini, Elahe Mousanejad, Mandana Jafari, Vahid Sheibani, Seyed Noureddin Nematollahi-Mahani","doi":"10.1177/22808000251322865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000251322865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peripheral nerve tissue engineering is a field that uses cells, growth factors and biological scaffold material to provide a nutritional and physical support in the repair of nerve injuries. The specific properties of injectable human amniotic membrane-derived hydrogel including growth factors as well as anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents make it an ideal tool for nerve tissue repair, and metformin may also aid in nerve regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hydrogel derived from amniotic membrane (AM) along with metformin (MET) administration in the repair of sciatic nerve injury in male rats. We randomly divided 60 male rats into five groups. A control and four sciatic nerve compression groups including model; hydrogel; metformin and mix which received hydrogel and metformin. The recovery rate was assessed by Sciatic Functional Index (SFI), Static Sciatic Index (SSI) and von-frey test. Conduction velocity of the sciatic nerve was measured by Electrophysiological studies, and histological evaluations were performed 14 days after injury. SFI, SSI, latency time, remyelination rate and the expression of NF-200 and S-100β improved in hydrogel group. Response to mechanical stimulus, myelin density, axonal regeneration, and myelin sheath reconstruction improved in the mix group. The gastrocnemius muscle index was significantly reduced in the experimental groups while collagen fibers increased in these groups. These findings suggest that injection of hydrogel derived from decellularized amniotic membrane into the epineurium can be promoted reconstruction of peripheral nerve injury and improved functional nerve recovery. Also, metformin administration can reinforce the therapeutic effect of the hydrogel.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"22808000251322865"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicate-substituted bovine-derived hydroxyapatite as a bone substitute in regenerative dentistry.","authors":"Jithendra Ratnayake, Niranjan Ramesh, Maree L Gould, Michael R Mucalo, George J Dias","doi":"10.1177/22808000251314302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000251314302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydroxyapatite, renowned for its biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties, plays a fundamental role in bone regeneration owing to its resemblance to natural bone mineral, thus offering considerable potential for advancing tissue engineering strategies. In this article, the innovative integration of silicon ions into biogenic (bovine-derived) hydroxyapatite (SiBHA) via a tailored sol-gel process is reported. The resultant SiBHA scaffolds exhibited an interconnected microporous structure with a total porosity of 70% and pore dimensions ranging from 120 to 650 µm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies validated the effective incorporation of silicon ions into the BHA lattice, with energy-dispersive X-ray and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry further confirming a Ca/P molar ratio for SiBHA between 1.63 and 1.74. Moreover, SiBHA scaffolds demonstrated commendable chemical and thermal stability. Of note, SiBHA scaffolds were found to display significantly enhanced mechanical properties, including compressive strength and Young's modulus, compared to the control BHA scaffolds. In vitro assessments highlighted the capacity of SiBHA scaffolds to foster cell viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of Saos-2 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in osteonectin expression, a key bone matrix protein, after 14 days of incubation under osteogenic conditions. These findings highlight the biocompatibility and therapeutic potential of SiBHA scaffolds, suggesting their suitability as biomaterials for dental bone regeneration applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"22808000251314302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of polymeric nanoparticles and traditional agents in dental implant decontamination.","authors":"Håvard J Haugen, Jaime Bueno, Badra Hussain, Raquel Osorio, Mariano Sanz","doi":"10.1177/22808000251313948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000251313948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peri-implant diseases, such as peri-implantitis, affect up to 47% of dental implant recipients, primarily due to biofilm formation. Current decontamination methods vary in efficacy, prompting interest in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) for their antimicrobial and protein-specific cleaning properties. This study evaluated the efficacy of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) in decontaminating titanium dental implants by removing proteinaceous pellicle layers and resisting recontamination. Titanium discs were treated with saline water, PrefGel^®, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), GUM^® Paroex^®, or polymeric NPs, and analysed using SEM, EDX, XPS, and contact angle measurements to assess changes in surface composition, morphology, and hydrophilicity. Polymeric NPs significantly reduced nitrogen levels compared to PrefGel® (mean reduction: 2.6%, <i>p</i> < 0.05), indicating effective protein removal. However, their carbon reduction efficacy was similar to that of other agents. SEM images revealed that polymeric NPs disaggregated larger protein aggregates but did not fully decontaminate the surface. Contact angle analysis showed changes in hydrophilicity consistent with other treatments. Hydrogen peroxide performed best overall, achieving the lowest carbon levels post-recontamination (mean reduction: 13%, <i>p</i> < 0.01). While polymeric NPs exhibited unique protein-specific cleaning potential, their overall performance was comparable to traditional agents. Residual contaminants, including carbon and oxygen, persisted on all treated surfaces, indicating enhanced cleaning strategies were needed. These findings highlight the potential of polymeric NPs as an innovative approach to implant decontamination, particularly for protein-specific biofilm control. However, their efficacy in broader applications remains like that of conventional methods. This research contributes to developing targeted decontamination protocols to manage peri-implant diseases and improve long-term implant outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"23 ","pages":"22808000251313948"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}