Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials最新文献

{"title":"Vanillin loaded-physically crosslinked PVA/chitosan/itaconic membranes for topical wound healing applications","authors":"El-Refaie Kenawy, Elbadawy A Kamoun, Samia M Elsigeny, Samira Heikal, Ashraf A El-Shehawy, Yehia A-G Mahmoud","doi":"10.1177/22808000241281273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000241281273","url":null,"abstract":"Vanillin loaded-physically crosslinked hydrogel membranes made of PVA/chitosan/itaconic acid (PVA-CS-IA) were prepared using freezing-thawing (F-T) cycle method. To ensure the entanglement of PVA-CS-IA chains, three F-T cycles were repeated. The polymeric chains entanglements were confirmed and characterized by different instrumental characterizations. Physicochemical properties for example, swelling ratio, mechanical characteristics, gel fraction percentage (GF%), hydrolytic degradation, and thermal stability of PVA-CS-IA membrane were discussed in detail. The findings showed that the swelling ratio, mechanical characteristics, and hydrolytic degradation of the crosslinked membranes enhanced with increasing CS-IA contents in membranes composition; however, GF% gradually declined with CS-IA content. Additionally, cell viability test using HFB-4 cell line and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were evaluated using MTT assay and the bacterium growth inhibition percentage method; respectively. Notably, with varying incubation durations and membrane concentrations, all examined constructed hydrogels showed significant cell survival percentages. The findings supported the notion that produced hydrogel membranes might be used in a professional setting as antibacterial dressings or biomaterials for quick wound healing rate.","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicomechanical, morphological and tribo-deformation characteristics of lightweight WC/AZ31B Mg-matrix biocomposites for hip joint applications","authors":"Nandhakumar Dhandapani, A Bovas Herbert Bejaxhin, Gajendran Periyaswamy, Narayan Ramanan, Jayaraman Arunprasad, Sivanraju Rajkumar, Shubham Sharma, Gurminder Singh, Fuad A Awwad, M Ijaz Khan, Emad AA Ismail","doi":"10.1177/22808000231214359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000231214359","url":null,"abstract":"Exploring high strength materials with a higher concentration of reinforcements in the alloy proves to be a challenging task. This research has explored magnesium-based composites (AZ31B alloy) with tungsten carbide reinforcements, enhancing strength for medical joint replacements via league championship optimisation. The primary objective is to enhance medical joint replacement biomaterials employing magnesium-based composites, emphasising the AZ31B alloy with tungsten carbide reinforcements. The stir casting method is utilised in the manufacture of magnesium matrix composites (MMCs), including varied percentages of tungsten carbide (WC). The mechanical characteristics, such as micro-hardness, tensile strength, and yield strength, have been assessed and compared with computational simulations. The wear studies have been carried out to analyse the tribological behaviour of the composites. Additionally, this study investigates the prediction of stress and the distribution of forces inside bone and joint structures, therefore offering significant contributions to the field of biomedical research. This research contemplates the use of magnesium-based MMCs for the discovery of biomaterials suitable for medical joint replacement. The study focuses on the magnesium alloy AZ31B, with particles ranging in size from 40 to 60 microns used as the matrix material. Moreover, the outcomes have revealed that when combined with MMCs based on AZ31B-magnesium matrix, the WC particle emerges as highly effective reinforcements for the fabrication of lightweight, high-strength biomedical composites. This study uses the league championship optimisation (LCO) approach to identify critical variables impacting the synthesis of Mg MMCs from an AZ31B-based magnesium alloy. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images are meticulously analysed to depict the dispersion of WC particulates and the interface among the magnesium (Mg) matrix and WC reinforcement. The SEM analysis has explored the mechanisms underlying particle pull-out, the characteristics of inter-particle zones, and the influence of the AZ31B matrix on the enhancement of the mechanical characteristics of the composites. The application of finite element analysis (FEA) is being used in order to make predictions regarding the distribution of stress and the interactions of forces within the model of the hip joint. This study has compared the physico-mechanical and tribological characteristics of WC to distinct combinations of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%, and its impact on the performance improvements. SEM analysis has confirmed the findings’ improved strength and hardness, particularly when 10%–15% of WC was incorporated. Following the incorporation of 10% of WC particles within Mg-alloy matrix, the outcomes of the study has exhibited enhanced strength and hardness, which furthermore has been evident by utilising SEM analysis. Using ANSYS, structural deformation and stress levels are predicted, along with strength charac","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140828792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different antiviral mouthwashes on the surface roughness, hardness, and color stability of composite CAD/CAM materials","authors":"Ahmet Hazar, Ecehan Hazar","doi":"10.1177/22808000241248886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000241248886","url":null,"abstract":"Objective:To evaluate the effect of COVID-19 preventive mouthwashes on the surface hardness, surface roughness (Ra), and color change (ΔE) of three different polymer-based composite CAD/CAM materials (Vita Enamic (ENA), Grandio Block (GB), Lava Ultimate (LU)).Methods:A total of 100 rectangular-shaped specimens with dimensions of 2 mm × 7 mm × 12 mm were obtained by sectioning three different CAD/CAM blocks and randomly divided into five subgroups according to the 30 days of mouthwash immersion protocol as follows: Control: artificial saliva, PVP-I: 1% povidone-iodine, HP: 1.5% hydrogen peroxide, CPC: mouthwash containing 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride, EO: mouthwash containing essential oils. Microhardness, Ra, and ΔE values were measured at baseline and after 30 days of immersion protocols. Data were analyzed using the Wald Chi-square, two-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey tests.Results:The independent factors (materials and solutions) significantly influenced the microhardness and color ( p < 0.001). Ra of the materials was not affected by any of the mouthwashes ( p > 0.05). The microhardness and color of each material varied significantly after immersion in PvP-I and HP ( p < 0.05). The highest percentage change in microhardness, Ra, and ΔE was found in LU immersed in PvP-I and HP mouthwashes, while the lowest change was found in ENA groups ( p < 0.05).Conclusion:Within the limitations of this study, it was found that the surface hardness and color of tested polymer-based composite CAD/CAM materials are susceptible to degradation and change after 30 days of immersion in 1% PvP-I and 1.5% HP mouthwashes.","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140809873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The injectable hydrogel loading cannabidiol to regulate macrophage polarization in vitro for the treatment of chronic enteritis.","authors":"Ye Wang, Xingming Ji, Xinyi Wang, Mengyu Sun, Cheng Li, Dongmei Wu","doi":"10.1177/22808000241289022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000241289022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chronic bowel disease has the characteristics of high recurrence rate, prolonged and non-healing, and the incidence has increased year by year in recent years. Cannabidiol (CBD) has significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, but it is limited by its characteristics of fat solubility and low bioavailability. This study aims to treat chronic inflammatory bowel disease by preparing a CBD-loaded hydrogel system (GelMA + CBD) that can deliver CBD in situ and improve its bioavailability through slow release.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study designed and constructed GelMA + CBD, and its surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and its pore size, swelling rate and release rate were evaluated to evaluate its bioactivity and biosafety. The expression of various inflammatory factors was detected by ELISA, and the expression of protein and reactive oxygen species were observed by laser confocal microscopy to evaluate their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study found that GelMA + CBD with biosafety, could make CBD be slowly released, and effectively inhibit the M1-type polarization of macrophages in vitro, and promote the M2-type polarization. In addition, GelMA + CBD can also reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (such as iNOS) in macrophages, and increase the expression of anti-inflammatory factors (such as Arg-1), clear intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and relieve oxidative stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The vitro experiments have confirmed that the CBD-loaded hydrogel system has good biosafety, and can alleviate inflammation by regulating the polarization direction of macrophages, and then inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, laying a strong foundation for the treatment of chronic enteritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"22808000241289022"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142390773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Notice: \"Comparative evaluation of Sapindus Mukorossi extract with 17% EDTA on smear layer removal in various parts of the tooth root\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/22808000241227499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000241227499","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"22808000241227499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial and antitumor activities of an alginate-based membrane loaded with bismuth nanoparticles and cetylpyridinium chloride.","authors":"Claudio Cabral-Romero, Rene Hernández-Delgadillo, Sergio Eduardo Nakagoshi-Cepeda, Rosa Isela Sánchez-Najéra, Erandi Escamilla-García, Juan Manuel Solís-Soto, Claudia María García-Cuellar, Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez, Samantha Maribel Flores-Treviño, Nayely Pineda-Aguilar, Juan Valerio Cauich-Rodríguez, Irene Meester, Shankararaman Chellam","doi":"10.1177/22808000241236590","DOIUrl":"10.1177/22808000241236590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the antitumor and antimicrobial properties of an alginate-based membrane (ABM) loaded with bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles (BisBAL NPs) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on clinically isolated bacteria and a pancreatic cancer cell line.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The BisBAL NP-CPC ABM was characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial potential was measured using the disk-diffusion assay, and antibiofilm activity was determined through the live/dead assay and fluorescence microscopy. The antitumor activity was analyzed on the pancreatic cell line (Panc 03.27) using the MTT assay and live/dead assay with fluorescence microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After a 24-h exposure (37°C, aerobic conditions), 5 µM BisBAL NP reduced the growth of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> by 77.9%, while 2.5 µM BisBAL NP inhibited the growth of <i>Salmonella</i>, <i>E. faecalis</i> and <i>E. faecium</i> by 82.9%, 82.6%, and 78%, respectively (<i>p < 0.0001</i>). The BisBAL NPs-CPC ABM (at a ratio of 10:1; 500 and 50 µM, respectively) inhibited the growth of all isolated bacteria, producing inhibition halos of 9.5, 11.2, 7, and 10.3 mm for <i>K. pneumoniae, Salmonella, E. faecalis</i>, and <i>E. faecium</i>, respectively, in contrast to the 6.5, 9.5, 8.5, and 9.8 mm obtained with 100 µM ceftriaxone (<i>p < 0.0001</i>). The BisBAL NPs-CPC ABM also reduced bacterial biofilms, with 81.4%, 74.5%, 97.1%, and 79.5% inhibition for <i>K. pneumoniae, E. faecium, E. faecalis</i>, and <i>Salmonella</i>, respectively. Furthermore, the BisBAL NPs-CPC ABM decreased Panc 03.27 cell growth by 76%, compared to 18% for drug-free ABM. GEM-ABM reduced tumoral growth by 73%. The live/dead assay confirmed that BisBAL NPs-CPC-ABM and GEM-ABM were cytotoxic for the turmoral Panc 03.27 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An alginate-based membrane loaded with BisBAL NP and CPC exhibits dual antimicrobial and antitumoral efficacy. Therefore, it could be applied in cancer treatment and to diminish the occurrence of surgical site infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"22808000241236590"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140039475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of combining dental composite brushes with modeling resins on the color stability and topographic features of composites.","authors":"Abdulrahman A Balhaddad, Faisal Alharamlah, Alhanoof Aldossary, Wejdan Almutairi, Turki Alshehri, Mary Anne S Melo, Afnan O Al-Zain, Eman H Ismail","doi":"10.1177/22808000241272487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000241272487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the effect of using dental brushes with or without metacrylate-based modeling resins on long-term color stability and surface topographies of resin-based composites. This study examined the effects of two variables: (1) the type of brush used (Art brush, Micro-brush, or Mylar strip) and (2) the application of a modeling resin (applied or not applied). The specimens were artificially aged through 10,000 cycles of thermocycling and subsequently immersed in coffee for 30 days. Measurements of color and surface roughness were taken at baseline and after the aging, using a non-contact profilometer for surface roughness and a spectrophotometer for color. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and one-way ANOVA. Resin-based composites smoothed with dental brushes or micro brushes without modeling resins exhibited lower color change (ΔE) than other groups. Paired t-tests revealed significant differences in average surface roughness (Ra) and valley depth (Rv) for each surfacing technique before and after aging (<i>p</i> ⩽ 0.01). The root means square average of the profile heights (Rq) significantly increased in the control and micro-brush groups (<i>p</i> ⩽ 0.01). In conclusion, the use of brushes in resin-based composites placement does not increase the susceptibility to staining. Instead, the inclusion of resin modeling contributes to discoloration over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"22808000241272487"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro chemical treatment of silk increases the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and facilitates degradation in rats.","authors":"Jinfeng Lv, Jieping Wang, Yao Zeng, Simeng Tian, Fei Wang, Yixue Zhai, Qian Zhou, Xiyue Luo, Xuanjie Zhang, Bin Liu, Chan Zhou","doi":"10.1177/22808000231222704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000231222704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Silk fiber is difficult to degrade in vivo, which limits its application in tissue engineering materials such as artificial nerves. Therefore, in this study aim to promote its degradation in vivo by chemical treating silk fibers in vitro.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, mechanical test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) measurements were used to investigate the degradation effect of chemicals (hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, and calcium chloride) on silk fiber in vitro. Immunofluorescence staining and transcriptome analysis were used to investigate the effect of inflammatory factors on the degradation of chemically treated silk fiber in rats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) Silks were separated into finer fibers in each group. (2) FT-IR absorption peaks of amides I, II, and III overlap in each group. (3) Silk degradation degree in each group was higher than that in an untreated group. The calcium chloride-treated group was completely degraded. (4) Fibronectin, collagen I, collagen III, integrin α and CD68 were immunofluorescence positive in all vegetation section. (5) There were no significant differences in the expressions of collagen I, collagen III, and fibronectin in the vegetations formed on the 14th day of subcutaneous implantation, while integrin α, CD68, TNF-α, IL-1b, and IL-23 express at higher levels with IL-10 at lower levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All chemicals could completely degrade silk; however, their degradation products were not the same. The chemicals change the mechanical properties of silk by separating it into finer fibers, which increase the contact surface area between the silk and tissue fluid, accelerating the degradation of monofilaments in vivo by promoting inflammation and macrophage activity through the increased and decreased expressions of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"22808000231222704"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139466656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Influence of carbon and graphene oxide nanoparticle on the adhesive properties of dentin bonding polymer: A SEM, EDX, FTIR study.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/22808000241273958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000241273958","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"22808000241273958"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of composition and pH on the degradation of hyaluronate and carboxymethyl cellulose gels and release of nanocrystalline silver.","authors":"Colleen Nancy Ward, Payton E LeBlanc, Robert Edward Burrell","doi":"10.1177/22808000241257124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000241257124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adhesions are fibrous tissue connections which are a common complication of surgical procedures and may be prevented by protecting tissue surfaces and reducing inflammation. The combination of biodegradable polymers and nanocrystalline silver can be used to create an anti-inflammatory gel to be applied during surgery. In this study, sodium hyaluronate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose were added in concentrations from 0.25% to 1% w/v to aqueous nanocrystalline silver solutions to create viscous gels. Gels were loaded into dialysis cassettes and placed in PBS for 3 days. pH was adjusted using potassium phosphate monobasic and sodium hydroxide. Release of silver into the PBS was measured at several time points. Polymer degradation was compared by measuring the viscosity of the gels before and after the experiment. Gels lost up to 84% of initial viscosity over 3 days and released between 24% and 41% of the added silver. Gels with higher initial viscosity did not have a greater degree of degradation, as measured by percent viscosity reduction, but still resulted in a higher final viscosity. Silver release was not significantly impacted by pH or composition, but still varied between experimental groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"22808000241257124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141179543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}