{"title":"Chains of path geometries on surfaces: theory and examples","authors":"Gil Bor, Travis Willse","doi":"10.1007/s11856-024-2633-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11856-024-2633-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We derive the equations of chains for path geometries on surfaces by solving the equivalence problem of a related structure: sub-Riemannian geometry of signature (1, 1) on a contact 3-manifold. This approach is significantly simpler than the standard method of solving the full equivalence problem for path geometry. We then use these equations to give a characterization of projective path geometries in terms of their chains (the chains projected to the surface coincide with the paths) and study the chains of four examples of homogeneous path geometries. In one of these examples (horocycles in the hyperbolic planes) the projected chains are bicircular quartics.</p>","PeriodicalId":14661,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141938650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polygonal functional calculus for operators with finite peripheral spectrum","authors":"Oualid Bouabdillah, Christian Le Merdy","doi":"10.1007/s11856-024-2632-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11856-024-2632-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Let <i>T</i>: <i>X</i> → <i>X</i> be a bounded operator on Banach space, whose spectrum <i>σ</i>(<i>T</i>) is included in the closed unit disc <span>(overline{mathbb{D}})</span>. Assume that the peripheral spectrum <span>(sigma(T)capmathbb{T})</span> is finite and that <i>T</i> satisfies a resolvent estimate</p><span>$$Vert(z-T)^{-1}Vertlesssimmax{vert z-xivert^{-1}:xiinsigma(T)capmathbb{T}}, zinoverline{mathbb{D}}^{c}.$$</span><p>We prove that <i>T</i> admits a bounded polygonal functional calculus, that is, an estimate ∥<i>ϕ</i>(<i>T</i>)∥ ≲ sup{∣ϕ(<i>z</i>)∣: <i>z</i> ∈ Δ} for some polygon Δ ⊂ ⅅ and all polynomials <i>ϕ</i>, in each of the following two cases: (i) either <i>X</i> = <i>L</i><sup><i>p</i></sup> for some 1 < <i>p</i> < ∞, and <i>T</i>: <i>L</i><sup><i>p</i></sup> → <i>L</i><sup><i>p</i></sup> is a positive contraction; or (ii) <i>T</i> is polynomially bounded and for all <span>(xiinsigma(T)capmathbb{T})</span>, there exists a neighborhood <span>(cal{V})</span> of <i>ξ</i> such that the set <span>({(xi-z)(z-T)^{-1}:zincal{V}capoverline{mathbb{D}}^{c}})</span> is <i>R</i>-bounded (here <i>X</i> is arbitrary). Each of these two results extends a theorem of de Laubenfels concerning polygonal functional calculus on Hilbert space. Our investigations require the introduction, for any finite set <span>(Esubsetmathbb{T})</span>, of a notion of Ritt<sub><i>E</i></sub> operator which generalizes the classical notion of Ritt operator. We study these Ritt<sub><i>E</i></sub> operators and their natural functional calculus.</p>","PeriodicalId":14661,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nondivergence on homogeneous spaces and rigid totally geodesic submanifolds","authors":"Han Zhang, Runlin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11856-024-2645-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11856-024-2645-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Let <i>G</i>/Γ be the quotient of a semisimple Lie group by an arithmetic lattice. We show that for reductive subgroups <i>H</i> of <i>G</i> that are large enough, the orbits of <i>H</i> on <i>G</i>/Γ intersect nontrivially with a fixed compact set. As a consequence, we deduce finiteness results for totally geodesic submanifolds of arithmetic quotients of symmetric spaces that do not admit nontrivial deformation and with bounded volume. Our work generalizes previous work of Tomanov–Weiss and Oh on this topic.</p>","PeriodicalId":14661,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On algebraically closed fields with a distinguished subfield","authors":"Christian d’Elbée, Itay Kaplan, Leor Neuhauser","doi":"10.1007/s11856-024-2621-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11856-024-2621-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper is concerned with the model-theoretic study of pairs (<i>K, F</i>) where <i>K</i> is an algebraically closed field and <i>F</i> is a distinguished subfield of <i>K</i> allowing extra structure. We study the basic model-theoretic properties of those pairs, such as quantifier elimination, model-completeness and saturated models. We also prove some preservation results of classification-theoretic notions such as stability, simplicity, NSOP<sub>1</sub>, and NIP. As an application, we conclude that a PAC field is NSOP<sub>1</sub> iff its absolute Galois group is (as a profinite group).</p>","PeriodicalId":14661,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140809724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bounding p-Brauer characters in finite groups with two conjugacy classes of p-elements","authors":"Nguyen Ngoc Hung, Benjamin Sambale, Pham Huu Tiep","doi":"10.1007/s11856-024-2613-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11856-024-2613-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Let <i>k</i>(<i>B</i><sub>0</sub>) and <i>l</i>(<i>B</i><sub>0</sub>) respectively denote the number of ordinary and <i>p</i>-Brauer irreducible characters in the principal block <i>B</i><sub>0</sub> of a finite group <i>G</i>. We prove that, if <i>k</i>(<i>B</i><sub>0</sub>)−<i>l</i>(<i>B</i><sub>0</sub>) = 1, then <i>l</i>(<i>B</i><sub>0</sub>) ≥ <i>p</i> − 1 or else <i>p</i> = 11 and <i>l</i>(<i>B</i><sub>0</sub>) = 9. This follows from a more general result that for every finite group <i>G</i> in which all non-trivial <i>p</i>-elements are conjugate, <i>l</i>(<i>B</i><sub>0</sub>) ≥ <i>p</i> − 1 or else <i>p</i> = 11 and <span>(G/{{bf{O}}_{{p^prime }}}(G) cong C_{11}^2, rtimes,{rm{SL}}(2,5))</span>. These results are useful in the study of principal blocks with few characters.</p><p>We propose that, in every finite group <i>G</i> of order divisible by <i>p</i>, the number of irreducible Brauer characters in the principal <i>p</i>-block of <i>G</i> is always at least <span>(2sqrt {p - 1} + 1 - {k_p}(G))</span>, where <i>k</i><sub><i>p</i></sub>(<i>G</i>) is the number of conjugacy classes of <i>p</i>-elements of <i>G</i>. This indeed is a consequence of the celebrated Alperin weight conjecture and known results on bounding the number of <i>p</i>-regular classes in finite groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":14661,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140799595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Altered local uniformization of rigid-analytic spaces","authors":"Bogdan Zavyalov","doi":"10.1007/s11856-024-2628-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11856-024-2628-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We prove a version of Temkin’s local altered uniformization theorem. We show that for any rig-smooth, quasi-compact and quasi-separated admissible formal <span>({{cal O}_K})</span>-model <span>(mathfrak{X})</span>, there is a finite extension <i>K′</i>/<i>K</i> such that <span>({mathfrak{X}_{{{cal O}_{{K^prime }}}}})</span> locally admits a rig-étale morphism <span>(g:{mathfrak{X}^prime } to {mathfrak{X}_{{{cal O}_{{K^prime }}}}})</span> and a rig-isomorphism <span>(h:{mathfrak{X}^{prime prime }} to {mathfrak{X}^prime})</span> with <span>({mathfrak{X}^prime })</span> being a successive semi-stable curve fibration over <span>({{cal O}_{{K^prime }}})</span> and <span>({mathfrak{X}^{prime prime }})</span> being a polystable formal <span>({{cal O}_{{K^prime }}})</span>-scheme. Moreover, <span>({mathfrak{X}^prime })</span> admits an action of a finite group <i>G</i> such that <span>(g:{mathfrak{X}^prime } to {mathfrak{X}_{{{cal O}_{{K^prime }}}}})</span> is <i>G</i>-invariant, and the adic generic fiber <span>(mathfrak{X}_{{K^prime }}^prime )</span> becomes a <i>G</i>-torsor over its quasi-compact open image <span>(U = {g_{{K^prime }}}(mathfrak{X}_{{K^prime }}^prime ))</span>. Also, we study properties of the quotient map <span>({mathfrak{X}^prime }/G to {mathfrak{X}_{{{cal O}_{{K^prime }}}}})</span> and show that it can be obtained as a composition of open immersions and rig-isomorphisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14661,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141151964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A topological insight into the polar involution of convex sets","authors":"Luisa F. Higueras-Montaño, Natalia Jonard-Pérez","doi":"10.1007/s11856-024-2622-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11856-024-2622-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Denote by <span>({cal K}_0^n)</span> the family of all closed convex sets <i>A</i> ⊂ ℝ<sup><i>n</i></sup> containing the origin 0 ∈ ℝ<sup><i>n</i></sup>. For <span>(A in {cal K}_0^n)</span>, its polar set is denoted by <i>A</i>°. In this paper, we investigate the topological nature of the polar mapping <i>A</i> → <i>A</i>° on <span>(({cal K}_0^n,{d_{AW}}))</span>, where <i>d</i><sub><i>AW</i></sub> denotes the Attouch–Wets metric. We prove that <span>(({cal K}_0^n,{d_{AW}}))</span> is homeomorphic to the Hilbert cube <span>(Q = prodnolimits_{i = 1}^infty {[ - 1,1]} )</span> and the polar mapping is topologically conjugate with the standard based-free involution <i>σ</i>: <i>Q</i> → <i>Q</i>, defined by <i>σ</i>(<i>x</i>) = −<i>x</i> for all <i>x</i> ∈ <i>Q</i>. We also prove that among the inclusion-reversing involutions on <span>({cal K}_0^n)</span> (also called dualities), those and only those with a unique fixed point are topologically conjugate with the polar mapping, and they can be characterized as all the maps <span>(f:{cal K}_0^n to {cal K}_0^n)</span> of the form <i>f</i>(<i>A</i>) = <i>T</i>(<i>A</i>°), with <i>T</i> a positive-definite linear isomorphism of ℝ<sup><i>n</i></sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":14661,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140809665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multiplicity of concentrating solutions for (p, q)-Schrödinger equations with lack of compactness","authors":"Vincenzo Ambrosio, Vicenţiu D. Rădulescu","doi":"10.1007/s11856-024-2619-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11856-024-2619-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study the multiplicity of concentrating solutions for the following class of (<i>p</i>, <i>q</i>)-Laplacian problems</p><span>$$left{{matrix{{- {Delta _p}u - {Delta _q}u + V(varepsilon ,x)({u^{p - 1}} + {u^{q - 1}}) = f(u) + gamma {u^{{q^ *} - 1}},{rm{in}},{mathbb{R}^N},} hfill cr {u in {W^{1,p}}({mathbb{R}^N}) cap {W^{1,q}}({mathbb{R}^N}),,,u > 0,,{rm{in}},,{mathbb{R}^N},} hfill cr}} right.$$</span><p>where <i>ε</i> > 0 is a small parameter, <span>(gamma in {0,1},,1 < p < q < N,,,{q^*} = {{Nq} over {N - q}})</span> is the critical Sobolev exponent, <span>({Delta _s}u = {rm{div}}(|nabla u{|^{s - 2}}nabla u))</span>, with <i>s</i> ∈ {<i>p</i>, <i>q</i>}, is the <i>s</i>-Laplacian operator, <i>V</i>: ℝ<sup><i>N</i></sup> → ℝ is a positive continuous potential such that inf<sub>∂Λ</sub> <i>V</i> > inf<sub>Λ</sub> <i>V</i> for some bounded open set Λ ⊂ ℝ<sup><i>N</i></sup>, and <i>f</i>: ℝ → ℝ is a continuous nonlinearity with subcritical growth. The main results are obtained by combining minimax theorems, penalization technique and Ljusternik–Schnirelmann category theory. We also provide a multiplicity result for a supercritical version of the above problem by combining a truncation argument with a Moser-type iteration. As far as we know, all these results are new.</p>","PeriodicalId":14661,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140809502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the diameter of Cayley graphs of classical groups with generating sets containing a transvection","authors":"Martino Garonzi, Zoltán Halasi, Gábor Somlai","doi":"10.1007/s11856-024-2605-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11856-024-2605-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A well-known conjecture of Babai states that if <i>G</i> is any finite simple group and <i>X</i> is a generating set for <i>G</i>, then the diameter of the Cayley graph Cay(<i>G</i>, <i>X</i>) is bounded by log ∣<i>G</i>∣<sup><i>c</i></sup> for some universal constant <i>c</i>. In this paper, we prove such a bound for Cay(<i>G</i>, <i>X</i>) for <i>G</i> = PSL(<i>n</i>, <i>q</i>), PSp(<i>n</i>, <i>q</i>) or PSU(<i>n</i>, <i>q</i>) where <i>q</i> is odd, under the assumptions that <i>X</i> contains a transvection and <i>q</i> ≠ 9 or 81.</p>","PeriodicalId":14661,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140799576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Poisson Bracket Invariant on Surfaces","authors":"Jordan Payette","doi":"10.1007/s11856-024-2612-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11856-024-2612-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study the Poisson bracket invariant, which measures the level of Poisson noncommutativity of a smooth partition of unity, on closed symplectic surfaces. Motivated by a general conjecture of Polterovich [P3] and building on preliminary work of Buhovsky–Tanny [BT], we prove that for any smooth partition of unity subordinate to an open cover by discs of area at most <i>c</i>, and under some localization condition on the cover when the surface is a sphere, then the product of the Poisson bracket invariant with <i>c</i> is bounded from below by a universal constant. Similar results were obtained recently by Buhovsky–Logunov–Tanny [BLT] for open covers consisting of displaceable sets on all closed surfaces, and their approach was extended by Shi–Lu [SL] to open covers by nondisplaceable discs. We investigate the sharpness of all these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":14661,"journal":{"name":"Israel Journal of Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140799573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}