Iranian Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Cytomegalovirus infection in patients attending a tertiary care hospital - single center experience.","authors":"Bashir Ahmad Fomda, Munaza Aman, Sanam Wani, Irfan Ul Haq, Uksim Qadri, Insha Altaf, Sheikh Imtiyaz, Naseer A Bhat","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i4.19255","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v17i4.19255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Human cytomegalovirus infection poses an important public health issue. This issue in India has not received enough attention. The majority of research workers have highlighted the seroprevalence of human cytomegalovirus. Hence this study was conducted to find out true magnitude of human cytomegalovirus disease.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Samples from 181 patients with suspected human cytomegalovirus disease were analyzed for human cytomegalovirus. DNA extraction was followed by real-time PCR. Human cytomegalovirus DNA-specific probes, fluorophore FAM™ and fluorophore JOE™ were utilized to detect human cytomegalovirus specific DNA and internal control at the same time. After completion of the assay, fluorescent growth curves were examined, and the response growth curves passing the threshold line in less than 36 cycles were deemed to be positive. All relevant clinical, demographic, and epidemiological information of the patients was also recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common clinical presentation was meningitis/meningoencephalitis. Out of the total samples, human cytomegalovirus infection was detected in 21% of the samples. Most positive samples were from infants (18.2%), followed by post-renal transplant cases (2.7%). Human cytomegalovirus was detected in urine samples (17.1%) followed by serum (3.8%). Four out of the 14 CSF samples were tested for other viruses as well, and they were positive for EBV (n=1, 7%), enterovirus (n=2, 14%), and varicella zoster virus (n=1, 7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PCR has a significant role in the detection of human cytomegalovirus disease at an early stage to avoid irreversible sequelae of late diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"623-628"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12331452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the genetic diversity and the association of drug resistance and biofilm production in <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> strains isolated from burn wound infections.","authors":"Sanaz Khashei, Hossein Fazeli, Fateh Rahimi, Vajihe Karbasizade","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i4.19228","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v17i4.19228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong><i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is considered a troublesome cause of infection in burn units, where its capability to form biofilm and resist antibiotics significantly hampers therapeutic success. This study explored the correlations between antimicrobial resistance profiles, biofilm-producing capacity, and genetic diversity of <i>A. baumannii</i> strains from patients with burn wound infection in Isfahan, Iran.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ninety-six isolates were analyzed for antibiotic resistance using the disk diffusion technique and for biofilm formation through the microtiter dish assay. The prevalence of ten biofilm-related genes was investigated using specific primers. Clonal relatedness among bacterial strains was defined by Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A vast majority of isolates (99%) exhibited resistance to meropenem, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, piperacillin-tazobactam, and imipenem, qualifying them as extensively drug-resistant (XDR). Twenty-five percent of the strains were strong biofilm formers, while 68% demonstrated moderate or weak biofilm formation. The most commonly identified biofilm-related genes included <i>bfmR</i> (100%), <i>ompA</i> (100%), and <i>bap</i> (99%). A significant association was found between the production of biofilm, resistance to aminoglycosides, and the presence of <i>csuE</i> and <i>bap</i> genes. ERIC-PCR typing showed the presence of 3 clonal types and 7 single types, with biofilm producers predominantly clustering to clonal type 2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This work highlights a notable prevalence of biofilm-producing XDR <i>A. baumannii</i> in burn patients, underscoring the need for continuous surveillance and enhanced infection control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"549-558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12331459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) for microbial safety of enteral feeding solutions at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, Iran.","authors":"Mohammad Yousefi, Kave Koorehpaz, Morteza Bagheri, Yaghob Sharifi, Amir Rahimirad, Yousef Roosta","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i4.19251","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v17i4.19251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Enteral feeding solutions (gavage) play a vital role in supporting ICU patients who cannot eat by mouth. However, their preparation is vulnerable to microbial contamination, posing serious health risks. This study aimed to assess and improve the microbial safety of enteral feeding solutions prepared at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia, Iran.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A three-phase intervention was conducted involving microbial and PCR analyses, source identification, and corrective measures. Initial testing revealed high contamination levels: coliform bacteria (>5×10³ CFU/mL), fungi (>3×10³ CFU/mL), and total mesophilic bacteria (>10⁴ CFU/mL). PCR analysis confirmed the absence of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. Corrective actions-such as installing UV lighting, implementing enhanced cleaning protocols, and replacing the mixing device-were introduced.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post-intervention analyses showed complete elimination of detectable microbial contamination in the gavage solutions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that implementing a HACCP-based approach can effectively eliminate microbial contamination in enteral feeding solutions. The findings support the development of national guidelines and highlight the importance of standardized safety practices to improve patient care in hospital settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"606-612"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12331463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study on diagnostic accuracy of rapid card test, IgM ELISA and real time-PCR in detecting scrub typhus infection: a cross-sectional study from tertiary care hospital.","authors":"Gopinath Ramalingam, Arundadhi Muthukumar, Dhanasezhian Aridass, Krishnapriya Subramani, Sucila Thangam Ganesan","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i4.19249","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v17i4.19249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Scrub typhus, caused by <i>Orientia tsutsugamushi</i>, is a significant zoonotic illness in the Asia-Pacific region. Timely diagnosis is crucial, but overlapping symptoms and limitations of traditional diagnostic methods pose challenges. This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy and utility of IgM ELISA, RT-PCR, and Rapid Card test for Scrub typhus, focusing on sensitivity, specificity, and practical applicability in endemic regions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted on 192 patients with suspected Scrub typhus at a tertiary care hospital from June to November 2024. Diagnostic tests included Rapid Card, IgM ELISA, and RT-PCR. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated, along with clinical and demographic data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IgM ELISA had the highest sensitivity (96.30%) and specificity (100%), followed by Rapid Card (sensitivity: 93.55%, specificity: 99.38%) and RT-PCR (sensitivity: 92.86%, specificity: 99.44%). Common symptoms included fever (99.4%) and headache (95.8%). Positive cases were mostly males (56.7%-64.3%) and individuals aged 21-40 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IgM ELISA shows high sensitivity and specificity for Scrub typhus, while RT-PCR aids early detection. The Rapid Card offers a quick field alternative. Combining molecular and serological methods can enhance diagnostic accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"600-605"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12331450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on fungal surgical site infections: epidemiology, risk factors, main fungal agents, and prevention.","authors":"Kiana Shirani, Arash Seifi, Alireza Assadi, Ashkan Mortazavi, SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i4.19225","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v17i4.19225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal surgical site infections (SSIs) may be less common than bacterial SSIs but are a significant clinical issue due to their challenging diagnosis, higher morbidity, and rising incidence, particularly in immunocompromised patients. The epidemiology, risk factors, prevalent fungal pathogens, and prevention of SSIs caused by fungi are discussed in this narrative review. Systematic literature search for the period 2000 to 2024 was conducted on top databases using relevant MeSH keywords. The most frequent solitary pathogens were <i>Candida</i> spp., followed by <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Mucor</i> spp., especially in transplant, cardiac, and GI infections. The greatest challenge is extended length of hospital stay, broad-spectrum antibiotics, immunosuppression, and invasive interventions with prosthetic device or shunts. While it creates added burden, fungal SSIs go unnoticed by clinical practice and are rarely included in SSI prevention strategies. The review declares the significance of enhanced clinical vigilance and tailored antifungal prophylaxis in high-risk exposure surgical procedures. The review, based on the integration of existing information, provides clinicians and infection control practitioners with a framework of fungal SSIs so that they can be better equipped to assess risk, detect infection sooner, and focus prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"516-527"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12331451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of carbapenemase production in Enterobacterales by mCIM and eCIM: a tertiary care hospital study.","authors":"Touseefa Shafi, Anjum Ara Mir, Shagufta Roohi, Bashir Fomda, Sanam Rasool Wani, Tufail Ahmed, Samiah Yousuf","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i4.19227","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v17i4.19227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) pose a major healthcare challenge due to high resistance rates and limited treatment options. This study characterized carbapenemase production among CRE isolates using phenotypic methods-Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (mCIM) and EDTA-Carbapenem Inactivation Method (eCIM)-as genotypic methods have limitations like restricted gene targets and mutations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This six-month study was conducted at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS). Samples including swabs, respiratory specimens, pus, body fluids, and blood were cultured on Blood Agar and MacConkey Agar (HiMedia, India). Enterobacterales were identified using conventional methods and screened for carbapenem resistance. CRE isolates underwent mCIM and eCIM testing per CLSI guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 471 Enterobacterales isolates tested, 160 (33.9%) were carbapenem-resistant. Of these, 97 (60.6%) were mCIM positive, indicating carbapenemase production. eCIM further identified 83 (85.5%) as metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producers and 14 (14.4%) as serine carbapenemase producers. CRE prevalence was higher in ICU settings and among males. Isolates showed high cephalosporin resistance, with multi-drug resistance (MDR) common in both MBL and serine carbapenemase producers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of CRE was found to be 33.9%. The findings underscore the critical need for continuous surveillance and stringent infection control measures to manage the spread of CRE in healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"539-548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12331457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofilm formation and eradication of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>: a study of culture conditions and endolysin ZAM-CS effect.","authors":"Yasaman Ahmadbeigi, Neda Soleimani, Farzaneh Azizmohseni, Zahra Amini-Bayat","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i4.19247","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v17i4.19247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> significantly contributes to healthcare-associated infections, with biofilm formation causing chronic, antibiotic-resistant cases. Because biofilms show high resistance to conventional antibiotics, endolysins have emerged as a promising alternative for treating antibiotic-resistant, biofilm-associated infections. This study evaluated the effects of four culture media and different incubation times on biofilm formation in methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) <i>S. aureus</i> strains and assessed the anti-biofilm efficacy of a novel chimeric endolysin called ZAM-CS (catalytic domain of SAL-1 endolysin and binding domain of lysostaphin).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Biofilms were grown for 24, 48, and 72 hours in Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB), Luria broth (LB), terrific broth (TB), and tryptic soy broth (TSB). The crystal violet assay was used to assess the biomass of the biofilm. The optimal biofilm conditions were then used to test ZAM-CS's activity at different concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MSSA formed the strongest biofilms in TB. MRSA formed stable, high-biomass biofilms in TSB, TB, and LB, while MHB was the least supportive medium for both strains. ZAM-CS significantly reduced biofilm biomass in both MSSA and MRSA (up to 77%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ZAM-CS's rapid and potent anti-biofilm activity at low concentrations highlights its potential as a promising treatment against antibiotic-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"586-592"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12331455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring novel amides as efflux pump inhibitors for overcoming antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>.","authors":"Fahad Ullah, Maqsood Ali, Falak Niaz, Israr Ali Khan, Sher Wali Khan, Momin Khan, Rafaqat Ishaq, Abdul Manan, Ying Yu, Muhammad Ilyas","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i4.19271","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v17i4.19271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong><i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa)</i>, a multidrug-resistant bacterium, represents a considerable risk in healthcare environments owing to its capacity to induce various infections. The resistance of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> is frequently linked to efflux pumps that actively remove antibiotics from the bacterial cell. This study investigates novel amide compounds as potential alternatives to address <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance mediated by efflux pumps.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Gram staining and biochemical assays revealed thirty-three multi-drug-resistant <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates from a tertiary care hospital Peshawar. After antibiotic susceptibility testing, efflux pumps were detected using Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) agar cartwheel technique and UV transilluminator. Novel amides were tested for efflux pump and anti-pseudomonal action against efflux pump-positive isolates utilizing agar well diffusion and micro broth dilution, including synergy with ciprofloxacin and gentamicin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three high efflux pump activity <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates were chosen using ETBr agar cartwheel technique. Novel amides (ITC, ITD, ITE, DEP) block efflux pump, although TEM-cu is very antimicrobial. TEM-cu, DEP, ITC, and ITE have 0.19, 0.78, and 0.78 mg/ml MICs. Effectiveness against efflux pump-expressing <i>P. aeruginosa</i> is lowest with ITE (1.56 mg/ml). Together with ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, TEM-cu and DEP improved antimicrobial effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TEM-cu is highly effective against efflux pump-positive <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, while amides like ITC, ITD, ITE, and DEP block these pumps. With significant reductions, DEP and TEM-cu improve ciprofloxacin and gentamicin efficacy. This method may help overcome <i>P. aeruginosa</i> efflux pump-mediated resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"569-576"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12331453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic potential of new linear epitopes derived from the N-terminal domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Glycoprotein S.","authors":"Sajjad Bahman, Safar Farajnia, Effat Alizadeh, Farzin Seirafi, Hojjatollah Nozad Charoudeh, Mohammad Kazem Hosseini","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i3.18831","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v17i3.18831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a new linear epitope from the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein in the diagnosis of COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Serum samples from patients were confirmed to have COVID-19 by means of RT-PCR. The linear epitope sequence of the NTD was amplified by RT-PCR, inserted into an expression vector, and produced in <i>Escherichi coli</i> (DE3) pLysS. Subsequently, the recombinant proteins were purified and refolded. The interaction between the purified protein and the antibodies in COVID-19 patient sera was evaluated using ELISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sequencing verified that the N-terminal linear epitope was successfully cloned into the PET-22b vector with a 6His-tag at the C-terminal end. The presence of a 25 kDa band on SDS-PAGE indicated the successful purification of the recombinant protein using Ni-NTA chromatography. The results of ELISA showed that the NTD linear epitope had strong sensitivity (88%) and specificity (96%) for identifying viral infection in COVID-19 patients' blood samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study demonstrated that the NTD linear epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein exhibit significant sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection using serological techniques. However, further evaluations involving larger sample sizes across diverse ethnic populations is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 3","pages":"480-487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12218876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the antimicrobial potential of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> against urinary tract infection isolates in Amman, Jordan.","authors":"Nedaa Husein, Nidal Abu Laban, Dima Tareq Owais","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i3.18829","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v17i3.18829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The public health concern about urinary tract infections (UTIs) exists due to mounting antibiotic resistance rates. The antimicrobial properties of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> create strong opportunities as an alternative therapeutic option. This study evaluated the antibacterial properties along with anti-biofilm behavior of rosemary extract against typical uropathogens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study collected samples from 500 UTI isolates for its cross-sectional research. The antibacterial activity of rosemary extract underwent testing for its effects on <i>Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis,</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> through combination tests with disk diffusion, MIC and MBC assays. Biofilm inhibition was assessed using the Tissue Culture Plate method with extract concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post-hoc, and regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rosemary extract exhibited varying antibacterial effects, with inhibition zones ranging from 10 mm in <i>E. faecalis</i> to 16 mm in <i>E. coli</i>. MIC values were 4 mg/mL for <i>E. coli</i> and 32 mg/mL for <i>E. faecalis</i>, while MBC values ranged from 8 to 64 mg/mL. A 100 µg/mL concentration reduced <i>E. coli</i> biofilm formation by 70%. In checkerboard assays, rosemary extract enhanced antibiotic activity against <i>E. coli</i> and showed additive effects with <i>K. pneumoniae</i> and <i>E. faecalis.</i></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>R. officinalis</i> extract demonstrates promising antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities, suggesting potential as an adjunct UTI treatment, comparable to co-trimoxazole. Further research is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 3","pages":"460-469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12218879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}