Iranian Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the antimicrobial potential of two haloarchaeal strains belonging to the genera <i>Halopiger</i> and <i>Natrialba</i> isolated from the Algerian Sahara.","authors":"Inès Quadri, Imene Ikram Hassani, Hocine Hacène","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i1.17812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v17i1.17812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Halophilic archaea commonly produce antimicrobial peptides (halocins), but only a few studies have been conducted on these molecules. This study explores the antimicrobial potential of two strains belonging to <i>Halopiger</i> and <i>Natrialba</i> genera, isolated from hypersaline environments in the Algerian Sahara. Antimicrobial compounds produced by these genera have rarely been studied before.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The antimicrobial activity of the strains was evaluated, along with the effects of UV radiation and culture conditions on growth and compound production. Stability assays and the effects of extracted compounds on target cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The strains exhibited high anti-archaeal activities and cross-domain interactions. Producing extracellular compounds associated with halocin, in the cell-free supernatant (CFS). These compounds remained stable at different temperatures (4°C, 60°C, 80°C, and 100°C) and different pH ranges (4-10 and 5-11), with antimicrobial profiles changed in response to UV light. The active compounds resembled known halocins but displayed unique features suggesting the discovery of new halocins. Additionally, <i>Natrialba</i> extracts showed significant activity against PBMC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This investigation confirms that Algerian saline soils are a promising source of interesting antimicrobial compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 1","pages":"144-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urine amino acid and gamma aminobutyric acid level in COVID 19 patients.","authors":"Cemal Kazezoglu, Arzu İrvem, Yasemin Tuba Sutasir, Büşra Çakiroglu, Banu Kirgiz, Habip Yilmaz, Ali Kocatas","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i1.17809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v17i1.17809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>SARS CoV2 has tropism for various tissues, including the respiratory tract, brain, endothelium, heart, kidney and liver. Neurological symptoms can also be seen in the clinical course of the disease, and anosmia is the most common. The main objective of our study was to examine the urinary amino acid profiles of moderately severe patients diagnosed with COVID-19 with a positive RT-PCR test and try to find metabolic changes associated with the infection. Also, it was aimed to investigate the neuroinhibitory Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in order to examine the physiopathology.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty adult cases who were followed up in the infection clinic with positive SARS CoV 2 RT-PCR and diagnosed with COVID 19 disease were included in the study with consent. The amino acid profile of these patients' urine samples, 30 different amino acid levels and creatine levels were examined using the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) method on the SCIEX QTRAP 4500 device.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the patients is 40 ± 5. Elevated GABA in 28/30 cases, high hydroxylysine amino acid in 27/30 cases, low glycine in 30/30 cases were detected in the urine. The creatinine levels of the patients were found to be normal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It has been thought that the height of GABA may be due to bacteria producing GABA as a result of the change in microbiota due to lactic acidosis, as well as that the virus may directly affect the brain and cause an increase in GABA.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 1","pages":"122-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of cold atmospheric pressure plasma effects on <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> wound infection in a mouse model.","authors":"Reyhaneh Shekari, Gholamreza Zarrinsi, Vahid Siahpoush, Farzam Sheikhzadeh Hesari","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i1.17802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v17i1.17802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Antibiotic resistance in microorganisms is a significant global health concern. Cold atmospheric plasma is an innovative and promising method for inactivating bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cold plasma on <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in a mouse wound infection model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The disk diffusion method was used to perform antibiograms after isolating the bacteria. A multidrug-resistant strain was then selected. The bactericidal activity of cold helium plasma was investigated in vitro. The optimal cold plasma conditions were determined in the laboratory, with a flow of 3 liters per minute and a power of 1.1 watts. These conditions were later used for in vivo evaluations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a laboratory study, helium gas plasma treatment for 8 minutes reduced <i>P. aeruginosa</i> by 2.5 logs. In the in vivo study, plasma reduced the wound's microbial load in mice by 1.9 log. The antibiotic treatment group had a 1.2 log reduction. Both plasma and antibiotic therapies had similar effects on microbial inactivation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The overall evaluation of wound healing time and pathological features showed that plasma was generally better than antibiotic treatment. Plasma can inactivate <i>P. aeruginosa</i> in wounds and accelerate wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 1","pages":"59-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infected burn wound healing using Hydroxy-propyl-methyl cellulose gel containing bacteriophages against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>.","authors":"Meysam Adibi, Kazem Javanmardi, Noor Al-Huda Ali A H Saeed, Mohammad Ali Mobasher, Javad Jokar, Abdolmajid Ghasemian, Niloofar Rahimian, Ava Soltani Hekmat","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i1.17803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v17i1.17803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong><i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa)</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae)</i> are the two leading bacterial strains involved in wound infections. These bacteria have developed broad resistance to antibiotics, which has complicated their eradication. Additionally, the formation of a polymicrobial infection poses additional problems. Among alternative or complementary options, bacteriophages, viruses that parasitize bacterial hosts, have been promising.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this research work, bacteriophages' therapeutic effects against <i>P. aeruginosa</i>- and <i>K. pneumoniae</i>-infected burn wounds were studied. The infectious burn wound model was performed on Balb/C male mice, aged six weeks and weighing 25 ± 5 gr. The effects of the Hydroxy-propyl-methyl cellulose (HPMC) gel containing phage were investigated compared to gentamicin. All of these actions were performed in separate groups for each bacteria and mixed group of bacteria (to test multi-bacterial infections treating) and the result were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phages appear to be effective in gel forms. Pathologic samples of different groups confirmed therapeutic results of phages. These results at the microscopic level indicated the recovery of the tissue and the removal of the infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study indicate that lytic phages are powerful biological tools for the treatment of bacterial infections in burn wounds, which can be considered as one of the alternatives for drug-resistant bacterial species and the high costs of antibiotics; though further animal and trial studies are needed. Meanwhile, the complications due to their widespread use in humans should be investigated in more details.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 1","pages":"69-79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the synthesis of the alpha-amylase enzyme by the native strain <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> in immobilized and immersed cells.","authors":"Fahimeh Mahmoudnia","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17261","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The study focused on the amylase enzyme, widely used in the industrial starch liquefaction process. We looked into the best way to immobilize the native strain <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i>, which is the only alpha-amylase-producing bacterium, by trapping it in calcium alginate gel. This is a promising way to increase enzyme output.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We examined the effects of alginate content, biomass age, initial cell loading (ICL), bead size, and solidification duration in calcium chloride solution on enzyme synthesis. We conducted batch fermentations using both immobilized and free cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Alpha-amylase production significantly increased with the alginate concentration ratio, achieving a maximum enzyme yield of 23.5 U/mL at a 30 g/l alginate concentration, utilizing an initial cell loading of 1.5 g in 150-200 beads per flask. These involved cells from a 12-hour culture with a bead size of 5.0 mm, were solidified for 24 hours in a 2.5% (w/v) calcium chloride solution. The yield of the immobilized cells was approximately 111.71% higher than that of the free cells, which produced 11.1 U/ml. The immobilized cells consistently generated alpha-amylase over five repeated cycles, attaining a peak value of 23.5 U/ml during the first cycle, which was 2.2-fold more than the control (free cells).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We used a basic mass balance analysis to understand the growth of both fractions and the dynamics of amylase production in free cells and cells immobilized in Ca-alginate beads. The production of alpha-amylase in immobilized cells results in enhanced volumetric activities during fermentation. Notable advantages of this technique encompass prolonged stability, reuse and recycling, and the potential for adaptable regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"827-834"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental prescription, rising resistance: the alarming misuse of ceftazidime-avibactam in healthcare systems.","authors":"Mojtaba Akbari, Christian G Giske, Hamid Solgi","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17243","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"720-721"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in a population of 15 to 35 years old in Mashhad.","authors":"Mahdieh Khoshakhlagh, Mohammadreza Tarahomi, Fatemeh Asgharian, Arghavan Kamali, Safoora Sa'd Abadi, Kimia Jafarpour, Samaneh Abolbashari, Mojtaba Meshkat, Aida Gholoobi","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17255","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong><i>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)</i> is a bacterium involved in gastrointestinal disorders with a high prevalence in Iran. We have determined the seroprevalence of <i>H. pylori</i> in the young adult population of Mashhad city for the first time.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We carried out a cross-sectional study on 933 individuals between the ages of 15 and 35 in Mashhad. The serum level of IgG, IgM, and IgA <i>H. pylori</i> antibodies was determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of the participants including 290 (31.0%) male and 643 (68.9%) female cases was 25.47 ± 5.76. <i>H. pylori</i> IgG was seropositive in 365 (39.1%) of subjects. Occupation (p=0.002), body mass index (p=0.002), marital status (p<0.0001), and age (p<0.007) were meaningfully related to <i>H. pylori</i> IgG seropositivity. Other factors such as sex, educational attainment, history of chronic diseases, and smoking cigarette had no significant relationship with the presence of <i>H. pylori</i> antibodies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The seroprevalence of <i>H. pylori</i> IgG antibodies in Mashhad's 15 to 35 years old citizens was determined 39.1%. We suggest further studies with larger sample sizes and different age groups as the target population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"773-779"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of traditional herb aqua extract of <i>Teucrium stocksianum</i> and its fractions against HSV-1 virus expression levels of genes (UL46 and US6).","authors":"Emad Asgari, Zohreh Sharifi, Farahnaz Bineshian, Mahsa Zamanian","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17256","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Recently, the anti-herpetic activities of different plant species have been investigated. This study evaluated the effects of <i>Teucrium stocksianum</i> aqueous extract on the HSV-1 virus-infected Vero cell.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The IC₅₀ of the aqueous extract was obtained by the maceration of the plant in boiling water and has been measured with the MTT method, also the q-PCR was used to study viral gene expression reduction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results of the MTT test indicated that the highest percentage of metabolic activity was observed in the 75 μg/ml concentration of <i>Teucrium stocksianum</i>'s aqueous extracts (IC₅₀=45.5μg/ml). Time intervals of 24 and 48 hours after viral infection revealed that the cell viability is reduced by the viral infection time (MOI=0.1), log 10^-3, p <0.001). Furthermore, the plant's aqueous extract concentration almost avoids cell viability reduction. Through Q-PCR results; the reduction of viral proliferation revealed that the low expression of genes UL46 and US6 were significant in the presence of different treatments utilized in the experiment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>T. stocksianum</i>, has an anti-viral property and may be considered as a remedy for anti-HSV-1 agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"780-785"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring oral candidiasis among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in eastern Iran.","authors":"Abdol Sattar Pagheh, Fatemeh Kardan, Aynaz Ghojoghi, Ahmad Reza Sebzari, Maryam Erfaninejad, Parvin Askari, Seyed Reza Aghili, Eisa Nazar, Masood Ziaee","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17259","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Understanding the epidemiology of <i>Candida</i> species among cancer patients is crucial for preventing invasive infections. This study aimed to identify <i>Candida</i> species and assess risk factors among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in Birjand, eastern Iran.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The samples were obtained from the oral cavity of 140 patients and the initial identification of <i>Candida</i> species was carried out through fungal cultures. Subsequently, <i>Candida</i> isolates were molecularly identified using the PCR-RFLP method with the restriction enzyme Msp1. Furthermore, the demographic characteristics, risk factors, and clinical history of the patients were extracted and scrutinized using a multiple logistic regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 140 patients examined, 55 individuals (39.3%) tested positive for oral candidiasis (OC). Notably, Hemorrhagic cancer emerged as the most common type of cancer associated with OC (46.7%). The predominant species isolated was the <i>Candida albicans</i> complex (64.8%), followed by the <i>Candida glabrata</i> complex (26.8%). A noteworthy finding was the significant association between the occurrence of OC and the number of chemotherapy sessions (P<0.05). Conversely, no significant correlations were detected between OC and variables such as sex, age, type of cancer, occupation, residence, underlying disease, and drug use (P>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of <i>Candida</i> spp. and its correlation with the number of chemotherapy sessions underscored the importance of preventive measures. These findings provided valuable insights for designing targeted interventions to mitigate the burden of oral candidiasis in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"803-811"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons from an 11-year retrospective cohort study of <i>Escherichi coli</i> causing UTI in Imam Hospital Ardabil, Iran.","authors":"Pegah Shakib, Mohsen Arzanlou, Pouria Sobhi, Mehdi Mojebi, Mohammad Bahrami, Faraz Mahdizadeh, Leyla Asadi, Masoud Amanzadeh, Alireza Mohammadnia, Farzad Khademi, Rashid Ramazanzadeh","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17246","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The global problem of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria is due to limited treatment options. This study aimed to examine the prevalence, etiology, and management implications of <i>Escherichi coli</i> causing UTI at Imam Hospital Ardabil, Iran.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>2340 samples of retrospective data on <i>E. coli</i> causing UTIs were collected at Imam Hospital in Ardabil, Iran, spanning from 2012 to 2022. The samples were cultured and isolated, and their antibiotic susceptibility was determined using standard laboratory methods and data were then organized and systematically categorized using Python.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that the lowest level of resistance was related to nitrofurantoin, followed by imipenem. In 2018, the number of <i>E. coli</i> patients resistant to trimethoprim was the highest. Cephalexin and ciprofloxacin trends indicate the reduction of the line during this retrospective period. There was a significant correlation between wards and some antibiotics like Cefepime, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, and Trimethoprim (P-Value <0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Significant correlations were identified between specific hospital wards and resistance to antibiotics. These findings underscore the need for continuous surveillance and tailored antibiotic stewardship programs to combat the rising trend of antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"737-744"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}