Iranian Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of the synthesis of the alpha-amylase enzyme by the native strain <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> in immobilized and immersed cells.","authors":"Fahimeh Mahmoudnia","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17261","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The study focused on the amylase enzyme, widely used in the industrial starch liquefaction process. We looked into the best way to immobilize the native strain <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i>, which is the only alpha-amylase-producing bacterium, by trapping it in calcium alginate gel. This is a promising way to increase enzyme output.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We examined the effects of alginate content, biomass age, initial cell loading (ICL), bead size, and solidification duration in calcium chloride solution on enzyme synthesis. We conducted batch fermentations using both immobilized and free cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Alpha-amylase production significantly increased with the alginate concentration ratio, achieving a maximum enzyme yield of 23.5 U/mL at a 30 g/l alginate concentration, utilizing an initial cell loading of 1.5 g in 150-200 beads per flask. These involved cells from a 12-hour culture with a bead size of 5.0 mm, were solidified for 24 hours in a 2.5% (w/v) calcium chloride solution. The yield of the immobilized cells was approximately 111.71% higher than that of the free cells, which produced 11.1 U/ml. The immobilized cells consistently generated alpha-amylase over five repeated cycles, attaining a peak value of 23.5 U/ml during the first cycle, which was 2.2-fold more than the control (free cells).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We used a basic mass balance analysis to understand the growth of both fractions and the dynamics of amylase production in free cells and cells immobilized in Ca-alginate beads. The production of alpha-amylase in immobilized cells results in enhanced volumetric activities during fermentation. Notable advantages of this technique encompass prolonged stability, reuse and recycling, and the potential for adaptable regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"827-834"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental prescription, rising resistance: the alarming misuse of ceftazidime-avibactam in healthcare systems.","authors":"Mojtaba Akbari, Christian G Giske, Hamid Solgi","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17243","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"720-721"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in a population of 15 to 35 years old in Mashhad.","authors":"Mahdieh Khoshakhlagh, Mohammadreza Tarahomi, Fatemeh Asgharian, Arghavan Kamali, Safoora Sa'd Abadi, Kimia Jafarpour, Samaneh Abolbashari, Mojtaba Meshkat, Aida Gholoobi","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17255","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong><i>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)</i> is a bacterium involved in gastrointestinal disorders with a high prevalence in Iran. We have determined the seroprevalence of <i>H. pylori</i> in the young adult population of Mashhad city for the first time.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We carried out a cross-sectional study on 933 individuals between the ages of 15 and 35 in Mashhad. The serum level of IgG, IgM, and IgA <i>H. pylori</i> antibodies was determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of the participants including 290 (31.0%) male and 643 (68.9%) female cases was 25.47 ± 5.76. <i>H. pylori</i> IgG was seropositive in 365 (39.1%) of subjects. Occupation (p=0.002), body mass index (p=0.002), marital status (p<0.0001), and age (p<0.007) were meaningfully related to <i>H. pylori</i> IgG seropositivity. Other factors such as sex, educational attainment, history of chronic diseases, and smoking cigarette had no significant relationship with the presence of <i>H. pylori</i> antibodies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The seroprevalence of <i>H. pylori</i> IgG antibodies in Mashhad's 15 to 35 years old citizens was determined 39.1%. We suggest further studies with larger sample sizes and different age groups as the target population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"773-779"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of traditional herb aqua extract of <i>Teucrium stocksianum</i> and its fractions against HSV-1 virus expression levels of genes (UL46 and US6).","authors":"Emad Asgari, Zohreh Sharifi, Farahnaz Bineshian, Mahsa Zamanian","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17256","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Recently, the anti-herpetic activities of different plant species have been investigated. This study evaluated the effects of <i>Teucrium stocksianum</i> aqueous extract on the HSV-1 virus-infected Vero cell.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The IC₅₀ of the aqueous extract was obtained by the maceration of the plant in boiling water and has been measured with the MTT method, also the q-PCR was used to study viral gene expression reduction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results of the MTT test indicated that the highest percentage of metabolic activity was observed in the 75 μg/ml concentration of <i>Teucrium stocksianum</i>'s aqueous extracts (IC₅₀=45.5μg/ml). Time intervals of 24 and 48 hours after viral infection revealed that the cell viability is reduced by the viral infection time (MOI=0.1), log 10^-3, p <0.001). Furthermore, the plant's aqueous extract concentration almost avoids cell viability reduction. Through Q-PCR results; the reduction of viral proliferation revealed that the low expression of genes UL46 and US6 were significant in the presence of different treatments utilized in the experiment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>T. stocksianum</i>, has an anti-viral property and may be considered as a remedy for anti-HSV-1 agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"780-785"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring oral candidiasis among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in eastern Iran.","authors":"Abdol Sattar Pagheh, Fatemeh Kardan, Aynaz Ghojoghi, Ahmad Reza Sebzari, Maryam Erfaninejad, Parvin Askari, Seyed Reza Aghili, Eisa Nazar, Masood Ziaee","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17259","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Understanding the epidemiology of <i>Candida</i> species among cancer patients is crucial for preventing invasive infections. This study aimed to identify <i>Candida</i> species and assess risk factors among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in Birjand, eastern Iran.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The samples were obtained from the oral cavity of 140 patients and the initial identification of <i>Candida</i> species was carried out through fungal cultures. Subsequently, <i>Candida</i> isolates were molecularly identified using the PCR-RFLP method with the restriction enzyme Msp1. Furthermore, the demographic characteristics, risk factors, and clinical history of the patients were extracted and scrutinized using a multiple logistic regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 140 patients examined, 55 individuals (39.3%) tested positive for oral candidiasis (OC). Notably, Hemorrhagic cancer emerged as the most common type of cancer associated with OC (46.7%). The predominant species isolated was the <i>Candida albicans</i> complex (64.8%), followed by the <i>Candida glabrata</i> complex (26.8%). A noteworthy finding was the significant association between the occurrence of OC and the number of chemotherapy sessions (P<0.05). Conversely, no significant correlations were detected between OC and variables such as sex, age, type of cancer, occupation, residence, underlying disease, and drug use (P>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of <i>Candida</i> spp. and its correlation with the number of chemotherapy sessions underscored the importance of preventive measures. These findings provided valuable insights for designing targeted interventions to mitigate the burden of oral candidiasis in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"803-811"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons from an 11-year retrospective cohort study of <i>Escherichi coli</i> causing UTI in Imam Hospital Ardabil, Iran.","authors":"Pegah Shakib, Mohsen Arzanlou, Pouria Sobhi, Mehdi Mojebi, Mohammad Bahrami, Faraz Mahdizadeh, Leyla Asadi, Masoud Amanzadeh, Alireza Mohammadnia, Farzad Khademi, Rashid Ramazanzadeh","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17246","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The global problem of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria is due to limited treatment options. This study aimed to examine the prevalence, etiology, and management implications of <i>Escherichi coli</i> causing UTI at Imam Hospital Ardabil, Iran.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>2340 samples of retrospective data on <i>E. coli</i> causing UTIs were collected at Imam Hospital in Ardabil, Iran, spanning from 2012 to 2022. The samples were cultured and isolated, and their antibiotic susceptibility was determined using standard laboratory methods and data were then organized and systematically categorized using Python.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that the lowest level of resistance was related to nitrofurantoin, followed by imipenem. In 2018, the number of <i>E. coli</i> patients resistant to trimethoprim was the highest. Cephalexin and ciprofloxacin trends indicate the reduction of the line during this retrospective period. There was a significant correlation between wards and some antibiotics like Cefepime, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, and Trimethoprim (P-Value <0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Significant correlations were identified between specific hospital wards and resistance to antibiotics. These findings underscore the need for continuous surveillance and tailored antibiotic stewardship programs to combat the rising trend of antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"737-744"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral activity of <i>Ferula assa-feotida</i> on HSV-1, 2 <i>in vitro</i>.","authors":"Javad Charostad, Tahere Navidfar, Masoumeh Kiani, Paul Schinitzler, Akram Astani","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17257","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Medicinal plants are the primary treatment for many infectious and non-infectious diseases. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of <i>Ferula assa-feotida</i> against herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, and compared it with the antiviral drug acyclovir.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In our experimental study, <i>Ferula assa-feotida</i> was dissolved in DMSO, then diluted in DMEM medium. Acyclovir was used at a concentration of 100 μM in all procedures. The antiherpetic activity and Antiviral activity of <i>Ferula</i> were evaluated in Vero cells (African green monkey kidney cells) by using the plaque reduction assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Inhibitory concentrations of 50% (IC₅₀) of <i>Ferula assa-feotida</i> for HSV-1 and HSV-2 were determined at 0.00025% and 0.00015%, respectively. <i>Ferula</i> was introduced at various stages of viral infection and significantly inhibited HSV-1 and HSV-2 infectivity by > 95.5% and 89%, respectively, when virus was pre-treated before addition to the cells. No HSV-1 or HSV-2 activity was detected in cells treated prior to and following viral infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicate that <i>Ferula assa-feotida</i> demonstrates antiherpetic activity in the early phase of viral infection and could be used as potential antiviral agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"786-791"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of fungal agents in the respiratory system of patients with underlying lung diseases; molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility profiles.","authors":"Parviz Hassanpour, Seyed Jamal Hashemi, Sanam Nami, Roshanak Daie Ghazvini, Behrouz Naghili Hokmabadi, Abbas Rahimi Foroushani, Kazem Ahmadikia, Zahra Ramezanalipour, Saeid Firouzi Abriz","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17258","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Airway fungal infection is a severe clinical problem, especially in patients with compromised immune functions. Here, we examined the distribution and antifungal susceptibility profiles of fungal agents isolated from respiratory tract of symptomatic patients hospitalized in pulmonary units.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This descriptive cross-sectional study took place from 2023 to 2024, involving 360 patients. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or sputum specimens were collected and analyzed using mycological and molecular methods for this study. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) was carried out using the broth micro dilution method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of a total of 360 respiratory specimens, 114 (31.6%) were positive. The male-to-female ratio was 63:51 (1.3%). <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> were the most common yeast and mold species. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) had the highest rate of colonization with fungal agents (47/114, 41%). The isolates associated with COPD in this study included <i>Aspergillus</i> species (4/12, 3.5%), <i>Candida</i> species (41/96, 36%), and other fungal species (2/6, 1.5%). Coughing (87%) was the predominant symptom, and malignancy (52%) was the predominant comorbidity factor. The result of AFST for antifungal agents showed that 9 (22.5%) <i>Candida</i> isolates were resistant, and the highest rate of resistance was related to voriconazole agent (5/9, 55.5%). Resistance to antifungal agents was not observed among <i>Aspergillus</i> isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed a significant relationship between the frequency of <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Candida</i> species in patients with underlying lung diseases. In addition, voriconazole was more effective than itraconazole, especially against <i>Aspergillus flavus.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"792-802"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the potential of multi-trait PGPR isolates as inoculants for maize (<i>Zea mays L.</i>) growth.","authors":"Ebrahim Eshaghi, Sara Mousae, Ali Hendiyani, Alireza Habibi Khave, Rahim Nosrati","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17260","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with a diverse set of traits can improve crop yield in agriculture. The current study aimed to evaluate the potential of multi-trait PGPR isolates as inoculants for maize <i>(Zea mays L.)</i> growth.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, 23 bacterial isolates were initially screened from maize plant rhizosphere. Ten isolates (A1-A10) were selected based on N fixation, P and K solubilization and their in vitro specific PGPR traits, such as solubilization of Zn, and Mn, the production of IAA, siderophore, ammonia, and HCN were assayed. Finally, the potential of selected isolates in enhancing the germination, height, shoot collar diameter, shoot fresh and dry weight biomass, and root dry weight of maize were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the positive-PGPR colonies, the selected isolates demonstrated the better performance of PGPR traits such as highest nitrogen fixation, P, K, Mn, and Zn solubilization, and production of siderophore, HCN, NH3, and IAA. In addition, the maize seed germination and improvement of maize yield in a pot experiment were observed after their treatment by bacterial inoculants. Biochemical characteristics, 16S rDNA amplification, and sequencing demonstrated a high similarity of PGPR isolates to the strains of <i>Enterobacter, Pantoea, Kluyvera, Lelliottia, Klebsiella, Pectobacterium,</i> and <i>Stenotrophomonas</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings demonstrated that these strains could prove effective PGPR inoculants for the improvement of maize crops as multiple bio-fertilizers.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"812-826"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant-ESBLs-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> post-COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Golnar Rahimzadeh, Shaghayegh Rezai, Ghazal Abbasi, Saman Soleimanpour, Reza Valadan, Laleh Vahedi, Somayeh Sheidaei, Faezeh Sadat Movahedi, Raha Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh Rezai","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17247","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong><i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> is a common pathogen associated with healthcare-related infections. It is particularly notable for its ability to develop resistance to multiple antibiotics, making treatment challenging. During the COVID-19 pandemic, increased antibiotic use to manage critically ill patients was contributed to the rise of multidrug-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>. This study evaluated the antibiotic resistance patterns of multidrug-resistant, ESBL-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in northern Iran after the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2022 and October 2023. Clinical samples were collected from patients with nosocomial infections at hospitals in Sari. This study included 114 multidrug-resistant ESBLs-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using broth macro-dilution, and resistance genes were detected by multiplex PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gentamicin, ampicillin-sulbactam, co-amoxiclav, and ceftazidime displayed the lowest activity against multi-drug-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>. In contrast, piperacillin-tazobactam showed the highest activity. The prevalence of resistance genes was as follows: <i>bla</i> _TEM (99.12%), <i>bla</i> _SHV (74.56%), <i>bla</i> _CTX (88.60%), <i>bla</i> _IMP (64.04%), <i>acrA -B</i> (92.98%), and <i>OqXA -B</i> (67.54%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified over 50% of antibiotic-resistance genes. Over half of multidrug-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolates showed resistance to antibiotics except piperacillin-tazobactam, which is recommended for treating multi-drug-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"745-754"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}