Iranian Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Association between sputum culture results and pulmonary changes in children with cystic fibrosis.","authors":"Fatemeh Khani Nozari, Mohammadreza Modaresi, Bahar Allahverdi, Roohollah Shirzadi, Mahsa Fattahi","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v15i6.14136","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v15i6.14136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Despite the significant improvement in the prognosis of cystic fibrosis (CF), it is still regarded as the most common life-shortening genetic disease in Caucasian populations. This disease is the most important cause of chronic lung disease and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in infancy and childhood. The aim of our study was to assess the potential association between bacterial colonization detected by sputum cultures and pulmonary structural and functional changes in Iranian children with CF.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 76 CF children ≥6 years old registered in the CF Foundation of Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran, who underwent high resolution CT scan (HRCT), pulmonary function test, and sputum cultures within a month of each other during the study period were included. For each patient, demographic characteristics (age and sex), results of sputum cultures, forced expiratory volume in 1^st second (FEV1), and chest HRCT findings based on the Bhalla scoring system were recorded in a check list.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty seven percent of the patients had positive sputum cultures, with the most commonly isolated microorganism being <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (mucoid strain). Based on categorization of Bhalla scores, none of the patients had severe pulmonary involvement. FEV1 was mainly >70%. There was a statistically significant correlation between colonization with mucoid <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and lower Bhalla scores in children aged 14-16 years (P=0.001). Colonization with mucoid <i>P. aeruginosa</i> was also significantly associated with patient's age (P=0.020) and FEV-1 (P=0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Severity of lung involvement in CF children is clearly dependent to mucoid <i>P. aeruginosa</i> colonization in airways and this notorious bacterium is the most prevalent one in Iranian CF children. Prompt identification and eradication by proper nebulized and systemic antibiotics can have valueless effects on patients' quality of life and prevent lifelong destructive complications such as bronchiectasis. Timely lung CT scan wisely advised by expert CF treatment team can meticulously detect injuries and it seems to act more efficacious than -still helpful-clinical scores and pulmonary function tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"15 6","pages":"759-764"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10751615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the physicochemical properties and bacterial loads of selected rivers in Ondo State, Nigeria.","authors":"Olorunjuwon O Bello, Bridget O Akinpeloye, Temitope K Bello, Yinka D Oluwafemi, Bamikole W Osungbemiro","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v15i6.14159","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v15i6.14159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Water is crucial to human existence but may be contaminated with microorganisms, thus making it unfit for consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties and bacterial loads of selected river waters in Ondo State, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ten major rivers were sampled between April and August, 2021. The pH, temperature, total alkalinity, colour, turbidity, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, ammonium, aluminium, organic matters, nitrate levels including the microbial loads were determined according to standard procedures. Confirmation of identified isolates was achieved by API 20E and API 20NE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The turbidity, colour, conductivity, ammonium, and aluminium ranged from 4.3 to 15.2 NTU, 4 to 20 NTU, 123.5 to 580.2 mgL^-1, 0 to 3.5 mgL^-1, and 0.05 to 1.7, respectively. Most physicochemical parameters showed no significant differences from the WHO permissible limits for drinking water (p > 0.05). The total viable bacterial count in the rivers ranged from 1.5 × 10⁵ to 6.3 × 10⁵ CFUmL^-1, while the total coliform count ranged from 1.3 × 10³ to 4.8 × 10³ CFUmL^-1. The predominant bacteria were <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</i></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed that the physiochemical properties of the waters were majorly within the WHO permissible standards but with significantly higher bacterial loads.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"15 6","pages":"788-795"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10751605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement the expression and purification of Loa22: a lipoprotein with OmpA domain from pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i> serovars.","authors":"Mehdi Gharakhani, Mohammad Faezi Ghasemi, Pejvak Khaki, Majid Esmaelizad, Majid Tebianian","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13873","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>One of the highly conserved outer membrane proteins expressed only by pathogenic Leptospires is Loa22. The study aims is to achieve the optimum conditions for high expression of recombinant Loa22 (rLoa22) protein.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Complete coding sequence of <i>loa22</i> gene sub-cloned into a pET32a (+) expression vector. BL21 competent <i>E. coli</i> (pLysS) used as expression host for transformation. The recombinant clones selected on ampicillin plates and subjected to PCR by using pET T7 primers. Then expression conditions optimized by adjusting parameters such as culture media, induction time, temperature, and IPTG concentration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SDS-PAGE analysis showed that high production of rLoa22 protein obtained when post induction incubation, IPTG concentration, and duration of induction were 37°C, 0.1 M and 5 h in 2×TY medium respectively. The purification of rLoa22 protein under native conditions using Ni-NTA pull-down was optimum in one hour binding at 37°C, five times washing process and elution buffer with a pH 7.4 and a 0.3 M imidazole concentration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of the study led to high production of pure Loa22 protein, which can form the basis for future investigation on the design of rapid diagnostic tests and more effective vaccine candidates for leptospirosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"15 5","pages":"674-684"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10628081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71521387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation the longevity of hepatitis B surface antibody in vaccinated students of Hormozgan university of medical sciences.","authors":"Majid Najafi-Asl, Soghra Abdi, Mehdi Hassani Azad, Marzieh Norouzian","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13876","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Hepatitis B is a common chronic viral infection in humans. Universal use of hepatitis B vaccine is crucial for controlling the infection, but the duration of vaccine-induced immunity remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess hepatitis B antibody levels (anti-HBs) after vaccination in infancy and adolescence, and explore the relationship between immunity levels and variables such as age, sex, BMI, place of birth, and duration since last vaccination among students at Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences from 2019 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study included 1134 students who completed a questionnaire and provided blood samples for ELISA-based measurement of antibody titers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed that 727 students (64.1%) had no protective antibody level (anti-HBs <10 mIU/ml), 299 (26.4%) had partial immunity (anti-HBs 10-100 mIU/ml), and 108 (9.5%) had complete immunity (anti-HBs >100 mIU/ml). No statistically significant relationships were observed between anti-HBs titer and age, sex, or BMI. However, antibody titer decreased with increasing time since last vaccination (P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the decline in antibody titer over time following primary vaccination. Sustained immunity against hepatitis B virus relies on antibody durability or robust immunological memory, suggesting the importance of timing booster vaccinations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"15 5","pages":"705-710"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10628076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71524097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High prevalence of OXA-48-like and NDM carbapenemases among carbapenem resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> of clinical origin from Iran.","authors":"Fatemeh Ghanbarinasab, Mehri Haeili, Somayeh Nasiri Ghanati, Mohaddeseh Moghimi","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13866","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong><i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> is increasingly developing resistance to last-resort antibiotics such as carbapenems. This study aimed to investigate the dissemination of common carbapenemase encoding genes among 48 clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CRKP).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth dilution and disc diffusion methods. The phenotypic evaluation of carbapenemase production was performed by using Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method. Presence of carbapenemase encoding genes <i>bla</i>_KPC, <i>bla</i>_NDM, <i>bla</i>_OXA-48-like , <i>bla</i>_IMP, and <i>bla</i>_VIM was screened by PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, carbapenemases were produced in all CRKP isolates. The <i>bla</i>_OXA-48-like and <i>bla</i>_NDM were the most prevalent genes detected among all and 66.6% (n=32) of CRKP isolates respectively. The <i>bla</i>_VIM was detected in only one isolate co-harboring NDM and OXA-48-like carbapenemases. The <i>bla</i>_KPC and <i>bla</i>_IMP genes were not identified in any of the isolates. While tigecycline was the most active agent against CRKP isolates with low resistance rate (4.1%), high rate of resistance was observed to colistin (66.6%), amikacin (79%) and most of other tested antimicrobials.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results revealed predominant prevalence of OXA-48-like and NDM carbapenemases among CRKP clinical isolates. High rate of resistance to last-resort agents such as colistin among CRKP isolates is a source of great concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"15 5","pages":"609-615"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10628078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71521386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of loop-mediated isothermal amplification, multiplex PCR, and REP- PCR techniques for identification of carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> clinical isolates.","authors":"Aysar Abbood Al Jebur, Neda Soleimani, Seyed Masoud Hosseini","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13871","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong><i>Acinetobacter baumannii,</i> an opportunistic pathogen, is related to hospital-acquired infections and increased mortality. This study aimed to develop the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) test for the fast-detecting of <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates as well as determining genetic relatedness for these isolates via the REP-PCR technique.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>LAMP primers and multiplex PCR primers were designed for recognizing <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates harboring the <i>bla</i> _SHV-1 , <i>bla</i> _PER-1 , <i>bla</i> _TEM-1, AMPC, <i>qnr</i>, and <i>aac (6)-1</i> genes, were collected (October 2020 to February 2021) from Shahid Motahari Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Combination disc test (CDT) results were used to assess the phenotypic identification of isolates from ESBL producers. The sensitivity of the LAMP method was evaluated using a range of serial dilutions of genomic DNA. Results were compared between the LAMP technique, and multiplex PCR. The genetic diversity of clinical isolates was determined by REP-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among one hundred <i>A. baumannii</i> samples and based on the combined disc test, 56% of isolates were ESBL producers. The sensitivity of the LAMP technique for the identification of <i>A. baumannii</i> was 4.06 ng/μl whilst the multiplex PCR was (16.2 ng/μl). Regarding multiplex PCR, (68%) of the isolates were <i>bla</i> _SHV-1 positive, (40%) <i>bla</i> _PER-1, (85%) <i>aac (6')-1,</i> AMPC (67%), <i>bla</i> _TEM-1 (63%), and (15%) <i>qnr</i> respectively. While in LAMP, (69%) of isolates were <i>bla</i> _SHV-1 positive, (86%) <i>aac (6')-1</i>, and (20%) <i>qnr</i>. The results of AMPC, <i>bla</i> _TEM-1 , and <i>bla</i> _PER-1 genes showed 100% compatibility between multiplex PCR and LAMP assays. The results of REP-PCR indicated there were 17 clones, clone A at 14% was the most prevalent of the isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Wherever equipment and financial constraints are crucial, the LAMP test offers a better and more potent detection rate for the identification of <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates than multiplex PCR. Furthermore, the genetic diversity of <i>A. baumannii</i> in these clinical isolates showed frequent commonality of genotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"15 5","pages":"654-664"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10628086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71521370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the viral clearance ability of continuous monoclonal antibody purification steps, in order to inactivate and/or remove four model viruses.","authors":"Seyed Mohammad Rasouli-Nejad Mousavi, Seyed Masoud Hosseini, Samira Ansari","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13877","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Viral clearance studies are an essential part of a manufacturer's plan to ensure the safety of an injectable biologic product. In this way, viral safety is a critical quality attribute for biologics such as monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). Evaluation of virus purification by downstream processes is a key component of risk mitigation. In this study, the capability of continuous monoclonal antibody purification steps was evaluated in the process of instant monoclonal antibody purification in different stages of purification, and the amount of reduction or inactivation of each step was determined.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Four enveloped and non-enveloped viral models VSV, Reovirus, EMCV, and HSV1 were used for spiking in selected samples in the designated tests, to have a comprehensive examination of the ability to clear the virus such as the type of genetic material, chemical resistance, and particle size. A TCID₅₀ and qPCR methods were used to measure viral reduction. Two cell lines, Vero (African green monkey kidney) and L929 (Mouse fibroblast) were used for 4 model viruses propagation. The steps that were evaluated included 4 steps monoclonal antibody purification; cation exchange chromatography, acidic pH treatment, affinity chromatography, and nanofiltration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The nano-filter stage showed the highest viral reduction and cation exchange chromatography showed the lowest reduction. The cumulative decrease using TCID₅₀ is equal to 19.27 [log10] for all steps and for the qPCR method is equal to 12.47 [log10] in three steps of nano-filter, affinity chromatography, and ion exchange chromatography.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The overall average reduction coefficient for all four model viruses is significantly high, which indicates the high capacity of the monoclonal antibody production process in inactivating and removing viruses leads to reducing the load of all four model viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"15 5","pages":"711-722"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10628082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71521372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Bacillus megaterium</i> RTS1 enhances resistance of <i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> to salinity stress through the improvement of antioxidant defenses.","authors":"Shiva Yavarian, Parvaneh Jafari, Neda Akbari","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13874","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) may reduce the negative effects of salinity stress. The aim of this study was to optimize <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> RTS1 and characterize the effect of the PGPB on the physiological characteristics of tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The Central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> RTS1 to produce maximum cell biomass and spores. Then the effect of the PGPB on the physiological characteristics of tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>), including membrane stability, leaf relative water content percentage, anthocyanin and carotenoids content, chlorophyll photosynthetic parameters, sugar and starch level, superoxide anion and antioxidant activity under salt stress conditions. The NFB medium was inoculated with 5% bacterial culture and the fermentation was carried out in a 10-lit fermenter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After optimization, the amount of cell biomass by the model was 9.45 log10 CFUs/mL, which showed a 1.2-fold increase compared to the non-optimized medium. Usage of bacteria under the optimal conditions of the culture medium may increase the stability of the membrane and improve the relative water content. Bacteria were able to prevent the excessive increase of anthocyanins. Oxidative stress led to an increase in the content of chlorophyll a, while causing the degradation of chlorophyll b. Bacterial inoculation led to an increase in the level of sugar and starch compared to the control. PGPB showed an increasing effect on the amount of superoxide anion production and caused a significant increase in the antioxidant activity under salinity stress conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The PGPB can be a promising way to boost physiological characteristics of tomato plant under salinity stress. Also, sporulation capacity of <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> with high bacterial cell density in fermenter produce a sustainable product for tomato plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"15 5","pages":"685-696"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10628074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71521367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early detection of a possible multidrug-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> outbreak in the local hospital setting by using random amplified polymorphism DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR), oxacillinase gene profiles, and antibiograms.","authors":"Ni Nengah Dwi Fatmawati, Gede Ngurah Rsi Suwardana, Ida Ayu Gde Wahyudevi Dharmika, Ni Made Adi Tarini, I Nengah Sujaya, I Wayan Suranadi","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13870","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Detecting the source of a potential outbreak of multidrug resistant (MDR) <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is necessary to be investigated. This study aimed to detect the possibility of <i>A. baumannii</i> outbreak in a hospital setting using a combination of random amplified polymorphism DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR), antibiograms, and the presence of oxacillinase genes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The antibiogram of 31 clinical isolates and six environmental isolates of <i>A. baumannii</i> were determined by Vitek® 2 Compact. Oxacillinase genes (OXA-23, -24, -51, and -58) were detected by PCR, and RAPD-PCR was conducted using DAF-4 and ERIC-2 primers. The Similarity Index and dendrogram were generated using GelJ v2.3 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The antibiograms showed that all MDR <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates has very limited susceptibility to cephalosporins, but mostly susceptible to tigecycline. All isolates were positive for <i>bla</i> _OXA-51-like gene, thirty-two of 37 total isolates (86.5%) were positive for <i>bla</i> _OXA-23-like gene, and none were positive for <i>bla</i> _OXA-24-like and <i>bla</i> _OXA-58-like genes. RAPD-PCR showed that the DAF-4 primer on average had more band visualization and lower Similarity Index's variation compared to the ERIC-2. The discriminatory power of DAF-4 was 0.906. There was a significant correlation between the DAF-4 dendrogram pattern with the antibiogram (r=0.494, p<0.001) and the presence of <i>bla</i> _OXA-23-like gene (r=0.634, p<0.001) from all ICU A isolates. Six out of fourteen ICU A isolates belonged to the same cluster with >95% Similarity Index, while one clinical isolate having an identical dendrogram and antibiogram pattern with an environmental isolate within this cluster.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a high probability of MDR <i>A. baumannii</i> outbreak within ICU A detected by multiple analysis of RAPD-PCR, antibiogram and the <i>bla</i> _OXA-23-like gene profiles. This combinatorial approach is conceivable to mitigate possible outbreak situations of <i>A. baumannii</i> in the local hospital without sophisticated microbiology laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"15 5","pages":"642-653"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10628083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71521371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High prevalence of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum.","authors":"Reza Khaltabadi Farahani, Mina Ebrahimi-Rad, Nader Shahrokhi, Amir Hossien Khaltabadi Farahani, Seyed Ali Ghafouri, Maryam Rezaei, Safoora Gharibzadeh, Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi, Parastoo Ehsani","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13869","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v15i5.13869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Antibiotic resistance is an indicator of the passively acquired and circulating resistance genes. <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum significantly affects the poultry food industry. The present study is the first study of the <i>S.</i> Gallinarum biofilm in Iran, which is focused on the characterization of the <i>S.</i> Gallinarum serovars and their acquired antibiotic resistance genes circulating in poultry fields in central and northwestern Iran.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty isolates of <i>S</i>. Gallinarum serovar were collected from feces of live poultry. The bacteria were isolated using biochemical tests and confirmed by Multiplex PCR. Biofilm formation ability and the antibacterial resistance were evaluated using both phenotypic and genotypic methods. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to Multiplex PCR for <i>ratA, SteB</i>, and <i>rhs</i> genes, all 60 <i>S</i>. Gallinarum serovars were Gallinarum biovars. In our study, the antibiotic resistance rate among isolated strains was as follows: Penicillin (100%), nitrofurantoin (80%), nalidixic acid (45%), cefoxitin (35%), neomycin sulfate (30%), chloramphenicol (20%), and ciprofloxacin (5%). All isolates were susceptible to imipenem, ertapenem, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and ceftazidime+clavulanic acid. All sixty isolates did not express the resistance genes <i>IMP, VIM, NDM, DHA</i>, <i>bla</i>_OXA48, and <i>qnrA</i>. On the other hand, they expressed <i>GES</i> (85%), <i>qnrB</i> (75%), <i>Fox M</i> (70%), <i>SHV</i> (60%), <i>CITM</i> (20%), <i>KPC</i> (15%), <i>FOX</i> (10%), <i>MOXM</i> (5%), and <i>qnrS</i> (5%). All <i>S.</i> Gallinarum isolates formed biofilm and expressed <i>sdiA</i> gene.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering that the presence of this bacteria is equal to the death penalty to the herd, the distribution of resistance genes could be a critical alarm for pathogen monitoring programs in the region. This study showed a positive correlation between biofilm formation and 50% of tested resistance genes. Also, it was found that the most common circulating <i>S. gallinarum</i> biovars are multidrug-resistant.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"15 5","pages":"631-641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10628085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71521385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}