Iranian Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiology of nosocomial <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> infections in a neonatal intensive care unit.","authors":"Fatemeh Nayeri,&nbsp;Hosein Dalili,&nbsp;Mamak Shariat,&nbsp;Nahid Farrokhzad,&nbsp;Kosar Abouhamzeh,&nbsp;Leyla Sahebi","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v15i3.12895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v15i3.12895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate epidemiology of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis)</i> and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii)</i> infections in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in a period of 8 years.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 46 cases of nosocomial infection by <i>S. epidermidis,</i> and 44 neonates with <i>A. baumannii</i> in NICU of Valiasr hospital, Iran.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The trend of <i>A. baumannii</i> and <i>S. epidermidis</i> infection were as follows: 1 and 7 in 2014, 11 and 7 in 2015, 20 and 11 in 2016, 1 and 4 in 2017, 4 and 6 in 2018, 4 and 4 in 2019, 0 and 1 in 2020, and 3 and 6 in 2021-March 2022 respectively. Mortality proportion (%) in neonates with <i>S. epidermidis</i> and <i>A. baumannii</i> infection was at 8.3 and 32.1, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between number of infected neonates in month and average of prescribed antibiotics before incidence of infection in every baby in that month. Fluconazole prescription before incidence of infection were associated with the <i>A. baumannii</i> infection in month too. Amikacin prescription had adjusted correlation on increasing of <i>A. baumannii</i> and <i>S. epidermidis</i> infection in month.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It seems reducing of hospitalization duration and medication prescriptions management plays an important role in reducing of nosocomial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"15 3","pages":"350-358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e2/b3/IJM-15-350.PMC10336283.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9813413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> antifungal potency of the moronecidin-like peptide against <i>Candida albicans, Candida glabrata,</i> and <i>Candida tropicalis</i>.","authors":"Nasrin Amirrajab,&nbsp;Seyed Amin Ayatollahi Mousavi,&nbsp;Behrooz Taheri,&nbsp;Samira Salari,&nbsp;Noor Ali Ahmadi Sarsahra","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v15i3.12907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v15i3.12907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the <i>in vitro</i> antifungal potency of the moronecidin-like peptide against <i>Candida albicans, Candida glabrata</i>, and <i>Candida tropicalis.</i></p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>To evaluate the antifungal effect of moronecidin-like peptide, the protocol presented in CLSI M27-A3 and CLSI M27-S4 was used and the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The minimum inhibitory effect of moronecidin-like peptide composition was 8 µg/ml for <i>Candida tropicalis</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i> and 32 µg/ml for <i>Candida glabrata</i>. The MIC of nystatin was determined to be 1.25 µg/ml for <i>Candida glabrata</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i> and 0.625 µg/ml for <i>Candida tropicalis</i> strains. The MFC composition of the moronecidin-like peptide was determined for <i>Candida tropicalis</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i> strains 8 µg/ml and for <i>Candida glabrata</i> strain 64 µg/ml. The results of cytotoxicity and hemolysis of the moronecidin peptide test on macrophage showed that moronecidin peptide has no cytotoxicity and toxicity properties.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the results of the present study, the moronecidin-like peptide could be a new strategy in the treatment of infections caused by <i>Candida</i> strains. The discovery of the exact mechanism of which requires extensive clinical studies in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"15 3","pages":"456-461"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6a/c9/IJM-15-456.PMC10336287.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9819959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular identification of <i>Anaplasma platys</i> in cattle by nested PCR.","authors":"Mohammed Al-Saadi,&nbsp;Dhama Al-Sallami,&nbsp;Amjed Alsultan","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v15i3.12904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v15i3.12904","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Anaplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Gram-negative bacterium from Anaplasmataceae family. Anaplasma causes high economic losses worldwide. 16S rRNA analysis was used to diagnose Anaplasma platys in Cattle. Phylogenetic tree and estimation of evolutionary divergence between A. platys isolates were performed. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 blood samples were collected from a cattle farm in AL-Diwaniyah province. 16S rRNA gene was identified using nested PCR. Overall, 40% of cattle that were chosen to collect the blood were identified to be infected with A. platys. Results: The results have shown presence of targeting partial region of 16S rRNA gene in 24 samples out of 60. Sequencing results of 10 samples have revealed that the phylogenetic tree was divided in to two separate clades. Five isolates of A. platys-Iraq (accession no. OP646782, OP646783, OP646784, OP646790, and OP646791) were located in one clade with the A. platys-China (accession no. MN193068.1). While, five isolates (accession no. OP646785, OP646786, OP646787, OP646788, OP646789) were in different clade with two isolates of A. platys-Africa and A. platys-Zambia in distinct branches, close to the Rickettsiales. Conclusion: The phylogenetic study of A. platys sequences indicated that the isolates were collected from a cattle farm in Al-Dewaniyah were similar and close related to A. platys-China, A. platys-Zambia and A. platys-Africa). This study suggests that cattle can be considered a reservoir of A. platys.","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"15 3","pages":"433-438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b4/a1/IJM-15-433.PMC10336285.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9819965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> among clinical samples isolated in Azerbaijan, Iran.","authors":"Reza Ghotaslou,&nbsp;Shabnam Baghbani,&nbsp;Pardis Ghotaslou,&nbsp;Solmaz Mirmahdavi,&nbsp;Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v15i3.12898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v15i3.12898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The immediate emergence of resistant bacteria poses an increasingly growing problem to human society and the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance in <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains is one of the most important health problems. This study aimed to review the molecular epidemiology of drug resistance among clinical isolates of <i>E. coli</i> in north-west portion of Iran Azerbaijan.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A complete of 219 clinical isolates of <i>E. coli</i> had been collected from the various clinical samples. The disk diffusion and agar dilution assays were used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility. The presence of antibiotics resistance genes was carried out by the PCR method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest susceptibility was shown to imipenem (3%) and fosfomycin (3%), and the most antibiotic resistance was presented to ampicillin (99%). The highest frequent ESBL gene among isolates was <i>bla</i> _CTXM-15 in 70% followed by <i>bla</i>_CMY-2 in 67%, and <i>bla</i>_TEM-1 in 46%. The most common fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance genes were <i>oqxB</i> (34%), followed by <i>oqxA</i> (25%), and <i>qnrB</i> (18%). The frequency of tetracycline resistance genes (<i>tetA, tetB, tetC,</i> and <i>tetD</i>) were detected in 24.8%, 31.6%, 1.8%, and 4.2%, respectively. The highest frequent genes to fosfomycin were <i>fosA</i> 10%, <i>fosA3</i> 30%, <i>fosC</i> 40%, and <i>fosX</i> 20%. The dominant founded aminoglycosides resistant genes were <i>armA</i> (12.96%) and <i>npmA</i> (4.93%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of antibiotics resistance in the tested <i>E. coli</i> isolates was high in Azerbaijan, Iran and these findings showed that <i>E. coli</i> is one of the major drug-resistant pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"15 3","pages":"383-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8a/09/IJM-15-383.PMC10336280.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9825854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous detection and differentiation of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and nontuberculous mycobacteria coexisting in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis by single-tube multiplex PCR.","authors":"Leila Heidari,&nbsp;Gholamreza Rafiei Dehbidi,&nbsp;Ali Farhadi,&nbsp;Golnar Sami Kashkooli,&nbsp;Farzaneh Zarghampoor,&nbsp;Sepide Namdari,&nbsp;Noorossadat Seyyedi,&nbsp;Saeid Amirzadh Fard,&nbsp;Abbas Behzad-Behbahani","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v15i3.12900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v15i3.12900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>In clinical diagnostics, molecular methods are used to detect <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> bacilli (MTB) and to distinguish them from non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). They are also used to make the right treatment decision for the patient as soon as possible. The aim of this study was to establish a rapid and novel multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay for the detection and differentiation of MTB and NTM in a single tube.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>100 sputum samples positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were included in this study. Mycobacterial culture, biochemical tests, and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed on samples. After alkaline decontamination, total DNA was extracted from the samples. A primer pair targeting the <i>rpoB</i> gene, encoding the beta-subunit of RNA polymerase, was used to detect MTB and NTM, amplifying a 235-bp fragment of MTB and a 136-bp sequence of NTM. A pair of primers targeting a 190-bp fragment of the IS6110 region of MTB was also used to confirm the results. The sensitivity and specificity of the mPCR assay were evaluated using DNA extracted from standard strains. The amplified products were then analyzed by conventional agarose gel electrophoresis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 100 AFB smear-positive sputum samples, 92 MTB DNA, 7 NTM DNA, and one mixed-infection sample were identified in a single tube using mPCR assay. There was no correlation between the AFB degree of smear positivity and PCR results. Of seven NTM isolates, 6 (86%) were resistant to rifampin, isoniazid, and ethambutol, the three first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A single-tube mPCR assay based on the <i>rpoB</i> gene provides a rapid and reliable means of detecting and differentiating MTB and NTM in sputum specimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"15 3","pages":"401-407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/46/94/IJM-15-401.PMC10336290.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9813412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of the lactobacillus strain from honey and its probiotic properties.","authors":"Mohammad Ebrahim Goli Mehdi Abadi,&nbsp;Ahmad Hosseini-Safa,&nbsp;Sina Habibi,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Dehghan,&nbsp;Mohamad Javad Forouzani-Moghaddam,&nbsp;Mojgan Oshaghi","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v15i3.12905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v15i3.12905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The lactobacilli are abundant in honey, helping protect against pathogens and providing antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to isolate lactobacillus species from different honey regions and evaluate their potential probiotic properties.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighty-eight samples were collected from different regions, including the northern, central, and southern areas, and obtained through retail stores. All samples were independently examined for the presence of <i>Lactobacillus</i> using both culture and real-time PCR methods. Probiotic tests were performed on the isolated <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains, including hemolytic activity, bile, acid, and pepsin resistance. Additionally, the antibiotic resistance of the obtained strains was investigated using seven different antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen <i>Lactobacillus</i> isolates were obtained from 7 (8.0%) honey samples. Of these, eight isolates were identified as <i>L. plantarum</i> (61.54%), four isolates as <i>L. rhamnosus</i> (30.77%), and one isolate as <i>L. acidophilus</i> (7.69%). All strains were devoid of hemolytic activity, and three isolates (23.07%) were found to be resistant to acid, while 2 (15.38%) showed resistance to bile and pepsin. All isolates were resistant to vancomycin (100%). Additionally, only one strain exhibited resistance to all tested antibiotics. Furthermore, the present study demonstrates a significant association (p-value<0.05) between the presence of <i>Lactobacillus</i> in various regions of Iran.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Various factors, such as climatic conditions and geographical location, can influence honey's composition and microbial diversity. Identifying and isolating potential probiotic species in honey could significantly expand their use in the food and pharmaceutical industries, offering numerous health benefits and potential therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"15 3","pages":"439-447"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d4/a8/IJM-15-439.PMC10336281.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9819961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the effect of <i>MAP2K1</i> gene (MEK1) in MAPK pathway in the induction of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL).","authors":"Parastoo Hosseini,&nbsp;Abbas Rahimi Foroushani,&nbsp;Arezoo Marjani,&nbsp;Mahnaz Tavakoli,&nbsp;Abdollah Amiri,&nbsp;Amin Hosseini,&nbsp;Atefeh Bahavar,&nbsp;Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani,&nbsp;Mehdi Norouzi","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v15i3.12910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v15i3.12910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>HTLV-1 is responsible for two important diseases, HAM/TSP and ATLL. Approximately 10 to 20 million people are infected with HTLV-1 worldwide. Identifying altered genes in different cancers is crucial for finding potential treatment strategies. One of the proteins of the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway is MEK1, which is made from the <i>MAP2K1</i> gene. The effects of the <i>MAP2K1</i> gene on the MAPK signaling pathway are not yet fully elucidated. The current study aims to determine the <i>MAP2K1</i> gene mutations and the level of <i>MAP2K1</i> gene expression in ATLL patients compared to healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ten ATLL and 10 healthy control individuals were investigated in this study. We used ELISA test to screen anti-HTLV-I antibodies and PCR for confirmation of infection. Then, we extracted total RNA from fresh whole blood, and cDNA was synthesized. The expression levels of the <i>MAP2K1</i> gene were examined by qRT-PCR, and to check possible mutations in the <i>MAP2K1</i> gene; all samples were sequenced and analyzed by BioEdite Software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>MAP2K1</i> gene expression in the ATLL group was significantly higher than in the healthy control (P=0.001). The mutational sequencing analysis showed nucleotide 212 (S→R) change and identification mutations at different nucleotides that were entirely different from the nucleotide mutations defined in the UniProt database.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results could be a perspective in the prevention, prognosis, and targeted treatment of diseases in which the <i>MAP2K1</i> gene plays a vital role.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"15 3","pages":"475-481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e3/7d/IJM-15-475.PMC10336286.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9825852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> clinical isolates from Bushehr province, Iran.","authors":"Khatereh Faghihi,&nbsp;Saeed Tajbakhsh,&nbsp;Moradali Fouladvand,&nbsp;Behrouz Latifi,&nbsp;Forough Yousefi","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v15i3.12897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v15i3.12897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Plasmid-mediated AmpC producers are considered an increasing concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (pAmpCs) in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolates.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 228 clinical isolates of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> were collected in Bushehr province, Iran, from December 2017 to February 2019. Cefoxitin disks were applied for screening AmpC-producing isolates. Furthermore, 3 phenotypic confirmatory tests including combine disk test (CDT), double disk synergy test (DDST) and modified three dimensional test (M3DT) were used. Finally, the presence of pAmpC genes was tested by multiplex PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 18 pAmpC-KP isolates among the 228 isolates (7.9%): 12 DHA (66.6%) and 6 CMY (33.3%). In the present study only 47% of cefoxitin-resistant isolates were pAmpC producers. The sensitivity of CDT, DDST, and M3DT was 89%, 67% and 100% and the specificity was 90%, 90% and 85%, respectively. In addition, M3DT displayed a higher rate of efficiency (92%) than CDT (89%) and DDST (79%) in detecting plasmid-meditated AmpC producers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DHA was the most prevalent pAmpC beta-lactamase in this study. DDST and CDT tests proved inefficient to detect two and six pAmpC producers, respectively, while M3DT represented the best overall performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"15 3","pages":"373-382"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/96/f5/IJM-15-373.PMC10336279.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9825853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of bacterial adhesion and anti-biofilm effects of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> and <i>Serratia nematodiphila</i> biosurfactants against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>.","authors":"Alireza Keyhanian,&nbsp;Mojgan Mohammadimehr,&nbsp;Farshad Nojoomi,&nbsp;Hamed Naghoosi,&nbsp;Mehdi Shakouri Khomartash,&nbsp;Mohsen Chamanara","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v15i3.12903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v15i3.12903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Biosurfactants are amphiphilic surface-active agents that mainly produced by various microorganisms. In this study, the anti-biofilm and inhibition of bacterial adhesion activities of two bacterial biosurfactants were investigated.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>After extraction and evaluation of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> and <i>Serratia nematodiphila</i> biosurfctants, inhibition of bacterial adhesion and anti-biofilm effects of them on <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average, the synergistic effect of two bacterial biosurfactants, caused about 60% decrease in adhesion and about 80% decrease in biofilm formation of <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study showed that combination of <i>B. cereus</i> and <i>S. nematodiphila</i> biosurfactants would increase the potential of attachment inhibition and biofilm eradication with very low toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"15 3","pages":"425-432"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/30/f7/IJM-15-425.PMC10336295.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9822959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial profile and their antimicrobial resistance patterns among patients with community-acquired pneumonia in southwestern Iran.","authors":"Sajad Hassanzadeh,&nbsp;Seyed Sajjad Khoramrooz,&nbsp;Farzad Mazloomirad,&nbsp;Asghar Sharifi,&nbsp;Narges Roustaei,&nbsp;Mohammad Gholamnezhad,&nbsp;Esmaeel Jamshidnejad","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v15i3.12894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v15i3.12894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common life-threatening infections, occurring in the community or within the first 48 hours of a patient's hospitalization. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency of pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic resistance pattern in the sputum of patients with community-acquired pneumonia in Yasuj from 2018 to 2019.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In the present study, 128 patients with CAP were included. Under aseptic conditions clinical samples including sputum collected from each patient were sent to the Microbiology Laboratory. Specific culture media and biochemical tests were used to identify the bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of the isolates were examined by disc diffusion. DNA was extracted from sputum using the phenol-chloroform method. The PCR method was used for the molecular detection of bacteria. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and the chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common clinical symptoms in patients were sputum (68.8%), fever (64.1%), shortness of breath (60.2%), cough (50.8%), and chest pain (24.2%). A total of 133 bacteria were identified by culture and 117 bacteria by PCR. In the current study, the most prevalent organisms were <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (24.1%), <i>Hemophilus influenzae</i> (18%), <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (13.5%), and <i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i> (11.4%). Antibiogram test showed that most of the Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to levofloxacin (22.6%), rifampin (20.8%) and ceftriaxone (17%), and the highest resistance rate to clindamycin (43.1%), ciprofloxacin (43.1%) and amoxicillin (41.4%) were detected in the Gram-positive bacteria. Cefepime was the most effective antibiotic against Gram negative bacteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>S. pneumoniae</i> was the most prevalent bacteria identified by culture and PCR methods in patients with CAP, indicating an important role of this bacterium in the pathogenesis of CAP. According to the results, cefepime can be used to treat patients with CAP with Gram-negative bacteria. In the present study, <i>S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis,</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> have been isolated from the CAP patient population with varying frequencies. This is consistent with various studies in different parts of the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"15 3","pages":"343-349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a1/37/IJM-15-343.PMC10336282.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9825850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}