{"title":"Exploring the antimicrobial potential of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> against urinary tract infection isolates in Amman, Jordan.","authors":"Nedaa Husein, Nidal Abu Laban, Dima Tareq Owais","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i3.18829","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The public health concern about urinary tract infections (UTIs) exists due to mounting antibiotic resistance rates. The antimicrobial properties of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> create strong opportunities as an alternative therapeutic option. This study evaluated the antibacterial properties along with anti-biofilm behavior of rosemary extract against typical uropathogens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study collected samples from 500 UTI isolates for its cross-sectional research. The antibacterial activity of rosemary extract underwent testing for its effects on <i>Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis,</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> through combination tests with disk diffusion, MIC and MBC assays. Biofilm inhibition was assessed using the Tissue Culture Plate method with extract concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post-hoc, and regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rosemary extract exhibited varying antibacterial effects, with inhibition zones ranging from 10 mm in <i>E. faecalis</i> to 16 mm in <i>E. coli</i>. MIC values were 4 mg/mL for <i>E. coli</i> and 32 mg/mL for <i>E. faecalis</i>, while MBC values ranged from 8 to 64 mg/mL. A 100 µg/mL concentration reduced <i>E. coli</i> biofilm formation by 70%. In checkerboard assays, rosemary extract enhanced antibiotic activity against <i>E. coli</i> and showed additive effects with <i>K. pneumoniae</i> and <i>E. faecalis.</i></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>R. officinalis</i> extract demonstrates promising antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities, suggesting potential as an adjunct UTI treatment, comparable to co-trimoxazole. Further research is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 3","pages":"460-469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12218879/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v17i3.18829","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background and objectives: The public health concern about urinary tract infections (UTIs) exists due to mounting antibiotic resistance rates. The antimicrobial properties of Rosmarinus officinalis create strong opportunities as an alternative therapeutic option. This study evaluated the antibacterial properties along with anti-biofilm behavior of rosemary extract against typical uropathogens.
Materials and methods: This study collected samples from 500 UTI isolates for its cross-sectional research. The antibacterial activity of rosemary extract underwent testing for its effects on Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa through combination tests with disk diffusion, MIC and MBC assays. Biofilm inhibition was assessed using the Tissue Culture Plate method with extract concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post-hoc, and regression analysis.
Results: The rosemary extract exhibited varying antibacterial effects, with inhibition zones ranging from 10 mm in E. faecalis to 16 mm in E. coli. MIC values were 4 mg/mL for E. coli and 32 mg/mL for E. faecalis, while MBC values ranged from 8 to 64 mg/mL. A 100 µg/mL concentration reduced E. coli biofilm formation by 70%. In checkerboard assays, rosemary extract enhanced antibiotic activity against E. coli and showed additive effects with K. pneumoniae and E. faecalis.
Conclusion: R. officinalis extract demonstrates promising antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities, suggesting potential as an adjunct UTI treatment, comparable to co-trimoxazole. Further research is recommended.
期刊介绍：
The Iranian Journal of Microbiology (IJM) is an international, multi-disciplinary, peer-reviewed journal that provides rapid publication of the most advanced scientific research in the areas of basic and applied research on bacteria and other micro-organisms, including bacteria, viruses, yeasts, fungi, microalgae, and protozoa concerning the development of tools for diagnosis and disease control, epidemiology, antimicrobial agents, clinical microbiology, immunology, Genetics, Genomics and Molecular Biology. Contributions may be in the form of original research papers, review articles, short communications, case reports, technical reports, and letters to the Editor. Research findings must be novel and the original data must be available for review by the Editors, if necessary. Studies that are preliminary, of weak originality or merely descriptive as well as negative results are not appropriate for the journal. Papers considered for publication must be unpublished work (except in an abstract form) that is not under consideration for publication anywhere else, and all co-authors should have agreed to the submission. Manuscripts should be written in English.
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