Iranian journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"The effects of advanced age on electrocardiographic parameters, lipid profile and redox balance in male rats: role of long-term cinnamon consumption.","authors":"M Salari, S Nakhaee, Z Ataie, K Farrokhfall","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2024.47879.6948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/IJVR.2024.47879.6948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oxidative stress damages biological molecules and plays a role in aging-related cardiovascular diseases. <i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</i> is a major source of antioxidants that may work against age-related cardiovascular changes.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to assess the changes in electrocardiography and lipid profile as well as indicators of the oxidant-antioxidant system with advanced age in rats. Also, the possible beneficial effect of cinnamon on these parameters has been investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this experimental study, thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups. The control groups of 12, and 20 months received a normal chow diet, while the investigation group was given a control diet mixed with cinnamon powder (1% of the diet). Also, a control group of 3-month-old rats was considered for assessment of age effects. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), ECG, serum lipid profiles, and heart oxidative stress markers were compared in different groups at the end of the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Systolic BP, serum cholesterol, HDL and LDL-cholesterol, the heart level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), the ECG parameters including QRS duration, PR, T_peak-T_end, and QT interval, as well as QTc increased significantly in older rats (20 months vs 3 months). Cinnamon consumption restored MDA levels, QRS duration, and T_peak-T_end interval in aging hearts. Whereas, neither aging nor cinnamon consumption could affect SOD activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results demonstrated that aging is associated with ECG alteration, oxidative stress, and an increase in TC, LDL, and HDL cholesterol. Cinnamon improved electrical heart activity in aged rats (20 months) by restoration of QRS duration and T_peak-T_end interval as well as amelioration of heart oxidative stress. Altogether, cinnamon supplementation has a cardioprotective effects during aging in rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 2","pages":"107-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxinotyping of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> strains isolated from broiler flocks with necrotic enteritis and evaluation of the effect of toxins on Leghorn Male Hepatoma cells.","authors":"C Katalani, Gh Ahmadian, Gh Nematzadeh, J Amani, P Ehsani, J Razmyar, E Mirabzadeh Ardakani, L Ghazizadeh","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2024.47200.6808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/IJVR.2024.47200.6808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an economically important disease, caused by <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> type G strains, and is one of the major targets of antibiotics used in poultry feed.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to genotypically characterize virulent strains of <i>C. perfringens</i> isolated from healthy and diseased birds in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eleven isolates were derived from necrotic enteritis cases, and 27 were from healthy chickens. Isolations were performed using blood agar. To assess whether zmp is generally associated with avian NE, 38 <i>C. perfringens</i> isolates were screened using PCR and western blotting. The involvement of these toxins as virulence factors was investigated using cytotoxicity assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All isolates carried the phospholipase c (plc) gene regardless of their origin and virulence. The zinc metallopeptidase (zmp) gene was found in the isolates collected from birds affected by necrotic enteritis. Furthermore, Necrotic enteritis like B (NetB) was only found in 36.36% of the isolates derived from necrotic enteritis-infected birds. Western blot analysis further confirmed the expression of Alpha toxin, NetB, and Zmp in different isolates. Incubation of Leghorn Male Hepatoma (LMH) cells with crude <i>C. perfringens</i> toxins indicated that the supernatants of all bacterial strains were toxic toward LMH cells at different dilutions. In addition, crude toxins of the Cp28 strain expressing Alpha toxin, Zmp, and NetB showed an approximately 50% cytotoxic dose (CD50) at a 1:34 dilution. Strain Cp119.2, which produces both ZMP and the Alpha toxin, and strain Cp48, which only produces the Alpha toxin, showed CD50 at 1:23 and 1:4 dilutions, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It seems that both NetB and Zmp play major roles in the cytotoxicity and pathogenicity of this organism.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 2","pages":"135-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publishing papers tribally: a deviated branch of interdisciplinary research?","authors":"M Kafi, H Nadgaran","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2024.49449.7264","DOIUrl":"10.22099/IJVR.2024.49449.7264","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11327641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evaluation of antibiotic resistance genes of <i>Arcobacter</i> <i>butzleri</i> isolated from animal products, and chicken slaughterhouse sewage in Mazandaran province, Northern Iran.","authors":"Z Pourabbasgholi, H Kaboosi, M Ghane, R Khoshbakht, M Ghiamirad","doi":"10.22099/ijvr.2024.48879.7150","DOIUrl":"10.22099/ijvr.2024.48879.7150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Arcobacter</i> <i>butzleri</i>, the most common genus of the Campylobacter family, is considered an emerging zoonotic pathogen.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate <i>A.</i> <i>butzleri</i> from diverse sources, in order to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates and the frequency of some genes responsible for their antibiotic resistance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, 425 samples were collected from different sources (chicken slaughterhouse sewage, poultry meat, beef, sheep meat, dairy products) during different seasons of 2020-2021. Suspicious colonies were confirmed using biochemical tests. Furthermore, the polymerase chain reaction technique was used to confirm the phenotypic results using the <i>16S rRNA</i> gene. The antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates to 16 antibiotics were determined using the disk diffusion method. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of their growth was detected using the tube dilution method in the presence of tetracycline, erythromycin, and gentamicin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 53 isolates of <i>A.</i> <i>butzleri</i> (12.5%) were isolated from (chicken slaughterhouse sewage=36, poultry meat=8, beef=4, sheep meat=5), which contain all three antibiotic resistance genes of <i>abu_0814</i> (90.57%), <i>OXA_464</i> (100%), and <i>gyrA</i> (83.02%). The findings of the present investigation showed the presence of <i>A.</i> <i>butzleri</i> in different sources and the high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in the isolates. Nineteen isolates (36%) have extensive drug resistance and 34 isolates (64%) showed multi-drug resistance to the used antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The elevated level of antibiotic resistance observed in <i>A. butzleri</i> isolates originating from various samples suggests a significant use of antibiotics and a prevalent environmental contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 3","pages":"216-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11801319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Coxiella burnetii</i> and <i>Borrelia</i> spp. in peripheral blood of dromedary camels in Fars, Iran: molecular characterization, hematological parameters, and acute-phase protein alterations.","authors":"F Heidari, H Sharifiyazdi, S Nazifi, M Ghane, S Hosseinzadeh","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2023.46933.6746","DOIUrl":"10.22099/IJVR.2023.46933.6746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dromedary camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>) are raised in extremely strict ecological conditions of deserts. Camels are vulnerable to many zoonotic infections. There are limited data on the occurrence of Q fever and borreliosis in camels, in Iran.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The current study was focused on the occurrence of <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> and <i>Borrelia</i> spp. infection in the blood samples of Iranian camels using molecular assays. Effect of the presence of these infections on various hematological factors and some acute-phase proteins (Hp, a1AGP, SAA) were also investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples were collected from 113 clinically healthy camels to investigate the presence of the infections using nested PCR. Moreover, the sequence of positive samples was analyzed phylogenetically. Routine haematological tests were performed and the concentrations of acute-phase proteins were measured in serum using enzyme immunoassay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PCR result showed that 6.19% (95% CI: 2.53-12.35%) (7/113) of camels were positive for <i>C. burnetii</i>. In addition, sequencing results of the corresponding gene of the outer membrane protein (<i>com1</i>) revealed two different genotypes of <i>C. burnetii</i> agent in camels from Southern Iran. In the PCR assay, <i>Borrelia</i> spp. DNA was not detected in the samples. No significant difference was observed in hematological parameters or acute-phase proteins between positive and negative Q fever camels except for mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and red cell distribution width (RDW).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinically healthy camels might be very important reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens. Q fever is not considered a notifiable disease in camels of Iran, and clinical cases may scarcely be recognized by the healthcare system. Due to a lack of adequate information, additional studies on the molecular epidemiology and clinical pathology aspects of <i>C. burnetii</i> infection in Iran are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"24 3","pages":"174-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10804426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virulence genes and antibiotic resistance profiles of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolated from bovine mastitis milk samples.","authors":"Z Hemati, L Abdolmohammadi Khiav, A Zahmatkesh","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2023.45279.6652","DOIUrl":"10.22099/IJVR.2023.45279.6652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing importance of antibiotic resistance shows the need for determining indices of the epidemiology of infection.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to determine the virulence genes and antibiotic resistance profiles of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolated from bovine mastitis cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 200 cattle were selected based on California Mastitis Test (CMT) results, and the samples were cultured in the laboratory. Grown colonies were examined by conventional phenotypic methods and confirmed using PCR amplification of <i>16S rRNA</i> gene. The prevalence of the virulence genes was also defined. The results of phenotypic and molecular tests were compared using SPSS software by McNemar test. Then, the confirmed isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility using the disc diffusion method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 200 positive CMT cattle, 24 animals were positive for <i>S. aureus</i> and confirmed using <i>16S rRNA</i> gene amplification. Statistical analysis showed that the phenotypic and genotypic tests of hemolysin genes were not significantly different (P>0.01). PCR analysis revealed the presence of <i>coa</i> and <i>clfa</i> genes in more than half of the cases. Overall, nine genetic profiles of virulence factors were found among <i>S. aureus</i> isolates. The highest and lowest resistance rates were against penicillin and gentamicin, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings showed a high rate of antibiotic resistance. So, accurate and fast diagnosis and antimicrobial susceptibility tests should be considered before prescribing the drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"24 3","pages":"258-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10804425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139546208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine leukemia virus: a perspective insight into the infection and immunity.","authors":"Gh Nikbakht Brujeni, P Houshmand, P Soufizadeh","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2023.48236.7023","DOIUrl":"10.22099/IJVR.2023.48236.7023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a member of the <i>Retroviridae</i> family and belongs to the <i>Deltaretrovirus</i> genus. It has a close relationship with human T-cell leukemia virus type I. BLV is responsible for causing enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), a contagious disease that affects the bovine lymphatic system. This virus poses challenges for the global cattle industry, as it impacts cattle populations all over the world. Despite being widespread and impactful, BLV often goes unnoticed, with many researchers unaware of its presence and the potential consequences it carries. BLV demonstrates varying levels of pathogenicity. The majority of cattle (around 70%) become seropositive asymptomatic carriers, displaying no noticeable clinical symptoms. However, a smaller proportion of infected animals experience persistent lymphocytosis, characterized by an elevated number of lymphocytes in the bloodstream. If not monitored and managed, a subset of these persistently infected cattle may advance to lymphosarcoma. This condition typically presents as tumors in different lymphoid tissues, impacting various organs and overall health and productivity. Furthermore, recent research has highlighted the potential association between the occurrence of breast and lung cancer in humans and the presence of BLV. This review will delve into the recent discoveries concerning BLV, specifically exploring its epidemiology, the economic impact it has on the global cattle industry, its implications for human medicine, and the association between different alleles of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and susceptibility or resistance to BLV. Bovine leukemia virus, Enzootic bovine leukosis, Major histocompatibility complex, Retroviridae.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"24 4","pages":"290-300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11127729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The examination of some virulence factors in <i>S. aureus</i> isolates obtained from the healthy human population, sheep mastitis, and cheese.","authors":"L Rahbarnia,&nbsp;R Khosravi Rad,&nbsp;A R Dehnad,&nbsp;B Naghili","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2023.43730.6410","DOIUrl":"10.22099/IJVR.2023.43730.6410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for many infections in humans and animals from skin and soft tissue infections to life-threatening diseases. In this study to explore the origin of S. aureus infections in humans, the antibiotic resistance profile and the variety of virulence factors in S. aureus isolates were examined in three groups: a healthy human population, cheese, and the milk of sheep with mastitis.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The examination of some virulence factors in <i>S. aureus</i> isolates obtained from the healthy human population, sheep mastitis, and cheese.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 400 nasal swab samples from healthy students, 30 cheese samples, and 122 sheep milk samples were collected for the detection of S. aureus isolates from January 1, 2018, to March 1, 2018. The frequency of <i>hla</i>, <i>hlb</i>, <i>Acme/arcA</i>, <i>pvl</i>, and <i>tsst-1</i> virulence genes and mecA gene was determined in each group by PCR assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a direct relationship between the antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates from a healthy population and those from mastitis milk samples. Of 400 nasal samples, 15% (60/400) were positive for S. aureus<i>,</i> of which 60% (36/60) were positive for mecA. While 50% (15/30) of cheese samples were positive for S. aureus<i>. of</i> which 7 cases (46.66%, 7/15) were positive for mecA. The prevalence of S. aureus among students was dependent on gender (P<i>=0.025</i>). Also, 47.5% (58/122) of milk samples from sheep mastitis were positive for <i>S. aureus</i>, and 41.37% (24/58) were positive for the <i>mecA</i> gene. Based on PCR results, the highest rate of <i>hla</i> (68.33%, 41/60), <i>hlb</i> (53.33%, 32/60), and <i>Acme/arcA</i> (46.66%, 28/60) genes were related to a healthy population, and the highest frequency of <i>pvl</i> (41.38%, 24/58), and <i>tsst-1</i> (27.59%, 16/58) was related to milk samples (P<0.05). A significant correlation was observed between the presence of the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME)-arcA gene and resistance to methicillin (P<0.05)<b>.</b></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high rate of virulence factors in the <i>S. aureus</i> isolates obtained from mastitis and dairy products is an alert point, because they could be source of the spreading of <i>S. aureus</i> to humans. There is an essential need for continuous monitoring to control staphylococcal food poisoning.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"24 2","pages":"110-115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/81/52/ijvr-24-110.PMC10542877.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41115821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tocodynamometric study of uterine contractions during parturition in queens.","authors":"K B Lathesh,&nbsp;N R Dagli,&nbsp;S U Gulavane,&nbsp;S M Gaikwad,&nbsp;S V Bharucha,&nbsp;R R Rohi","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2023.44079.6477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/IJVR.2023.44079.6477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Tocodynamometry is an approach in small animal obstetrics to diagnose initiation, progress, completion, and problems related to parturition in queens.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The present study was conducted to monitor uterine contractions using tocodynamometry at full term pregnancy and during queening and to correlate uterine contractile pattern with progression of queening.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Once the signs of impending parturition were noted, the pressure transducer of tocodynamometer was placed on the lateral abdomen to monitor queening. The recordings were plotted as graph of time against pressure in mmHg. Uterine contractile patterns were assessed in order to study their relation to the progression of queening.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The initial uterine contractions had a baseline and peak pressures of 7-20 and 15-36.5 mmHg with mean time interval and frequency of 5.53 min and 1.91 peaks per 10 min, respectively, with mean change of amplitude of 15.35 mmHg. The progressive baseline and peak pressures of 15-32.5 and 24-62.3 mmHg increased to 20-55 and 30-89.2, respectively, with an increase in mean frequency from 3.88 to 5.25 peaks per 10 min and increase in mean change of amplitude from 25.21 to 33.87 mmHg, followed by decrease in mean time interval from 2.82 to 1.91 min in expulsive uterine contractions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Monitoring uterine contractions using tocodynamometer helps in understanding progression of queening and problems that may rise during parturition. It was observed that during queening, baseline and peak pressures of uterine contractions remain the same, irrespective of presentation of kittens at birth.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"24 2","pages":"151-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b8/55/ijvr-24-151.PMC10542872.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41127426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofilm forming multidrug resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> of dairy origin: molecular and evolutionary perspectives.","authors":"A Ahmed, M Ijaz, J A Khan, A A Anjum","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2023.43941.6445","DOIUrl":"10.22099/IJVR.2023.43941.6445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biofilm production by <i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>aureus</i> is a prevailing cause of multidrug resistance. The evolutionary mechanisms of adaption with host and pathogenicity are poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The present study aimed to investigate the biofilm-forming potential, associated multidrug resistance, and the evolutionary analysis of <i>S. aureus</i> isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>122 <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were subjected to Congo red agar method (CRA), microtitre plate method (MTP), and PCR to check the biofilm-forming potential. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern. The <i>icaA</i> gene of isolates was subjected to molecular and evolutionary analysis using different bioinformatics tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that 63.93% of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates carried the <i>icaA</i> gene and the detection rate of CRA was higher (36.07%) compared to the MTP test (24.59%). A total of 78.21% and 56.41% of biofilm-positive isolates were methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (VRSA), respectively. All <i>S. aureus</i> isolates (100%) showed multidrug resistance. The molecular analysis showed an evolutionary link between isolates and revealed a strong codon bias, three different recombination events, and positive selection in some residues of the semi-conserved segments of the <i>icaA</i> gene.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concluded that biofilm-positive isolates have a high tendency to exhibit methicillin, vancomycin, and multidrug resistance. The findings suggest that mutation and selection are the most likely causes of codon bias in the <i>icaA</i> gene sequences. The variations led by recombination events and positive selection are suggestive of bacterial strategy to combat antimicrobial effects and to escape the host's immune surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"24 3","pages":"193-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10804433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139546026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}