Iranian journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"Detection of <i>Brucella</i> infection in raw milk of livestock in Famenin, West part of Iran.","authors":"M Adabi, J Gharekhani, S Alamian, M Varasteh Shams, M Fathi Sheikh, Z Shivapour, Z Valiei, S Khazaiee, H Ghaderi","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2024.49557.7292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/IJVR.2024.49557.7292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Timely diagnosis of brucellosis is the starting point for effective programs to control brucellosis in humans and animals. <b>Aims:</b> This study aimed to detect <i>Brucella</i> infection in milk samples from livestock in Famenin, an endemic region of western Iran, using a milk ring test and molecular techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 738 raw milk samples were randomly collected from cattle, sheep, and goats. Milk samples were screened using the milk ring test (MRT). In addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was applied to detect <i>Brucella</i> spp. in all MRT-positive samples. DNA from the milk samples was extracted and used for PCR using the <i>BCSP31</i> and <i>IS711</i> loci.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the samples tested using MRT, 46 (6.23%, 95% CI: 2.83-9.63%) yielded positive results. Of the 46 seropositive samples, 42 (91.30%) were from sheep and 4 (8.70%) were from goats, while no bovine samples had positive MRT results. PCR analysis confirmed that 78.26% (36/46) of MRT-positive samples belonged to the genus <i>Brucella</i>. Furthermore, 83.33% (30/36) of the confirmed samples were identified as <i>B. melitensis</i>, while 16.66% (6/36) were identified as <i>B. abortus</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results obtained from MRT evaluation of milk samples did not align entirely with the findings of the molecular examinations. The PCR method has minimal biological contamination and high sensitivity and accuracy, especially for determining <i>Brucella</i> species. Raw milk should be routinely assessed for <i>Brucella</i> contamination. This work is necessary to identify hidden infections and break the chain of transmission of brucellosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 2","pages":"156-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole genome sequencing analysis of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in milk in Kwara State, Nigeria.","authors":"I Ghali-Mohammed, I A Odetokun, I A Raufu, V O Adetunji","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2024.49643.7307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/IJVR.2024.49643.7307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Escherichia coli</i> is a major cause of poor microbial quality of milk, often resulting from unhygienic milk handling. Milk contamination poses public health concerns. Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) strains in food products, particularly milk, is a critical concern for public health. Limited information exists on the detection of non-O157 <i>E. coli</i> pathotypes in milk sold by local processors in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to explore the diversity of non-O157 STEC isolates found in commercially available milk in Kwara State, Nigeria, to find the genetic diversity and potential risks associated with these strains.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A subgroup of 18 representative non-O157 STEC isolated from milk samples (n=1225) was selected for whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four novel sequence types (ST): ST398, ST540, ST1727, and ST9891 of non-O157 <i>E. coli</i> involving five serotypes: O176:H30, O176:H20, O8:H20, O21:H45, and O22:H7, carrying variable proportions of virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance genes, and plasmids, were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This investigation contributes valuable data to the ongoing efforts to ensure food safety and prevent the transmission of <i>E. coli</i> strains through dairy products. The findings have implications for public health policies and food quality standards in Kwara State, Nigeria. Improved hygienic practices during milk handling are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 2","pages":"92-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic and genotypic detection of multi drug resistant coagulase-positive <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. isolates from canine pyoderma.","authors":"K Shobha, S N Ghodasara, D B Barad, B B Javia, P J Poshiya, D K Parasana","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2024.49531.7283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/IJVR.2024.49531.7283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dermatological infections in dogs are challenging to treat due to antibiotic resistance, which leads to longer recovery time and the need for stronger antibiotics. <b>Aims:</b> This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-positive staphylococcal isolates from pyoderma infection in dogs. This study also aimed to identify isolates with methicillin-resistance and multidrug resistance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>73 coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from varying degrees of canine pyoderma cases. The samples were analyzed for the presence of <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and resistance against antibiotics was studied by antimicrobial profile, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and PCR on isolated bacteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 75 bacterial isolates identified, 73 isolates were confirmed as <i>Staphylococcus</i> species by PCR. A higher percentage of antibiotic resistance was observed against penicillin-G (46.27%), followed by amoxiclav (38.81%), enrofloxacin (32.84%), cefpodoxime, oxytetracycline (28.36% each), levofloxacin (26.86%), and co-trimoxazole (22.39%). 29 (49.15%) S. pseudintermedius<i>,</i> three (50.00%) S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans<i>,</i> and two (100%) S. aureus isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. However, one (1.49%) isolate (S. pseudintermedius) revealed low-level mupirocin resistance in the E-test. Also, 12 (20.34%) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), one (16.67%) methicillin-resistant S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans (MRSS) and one (50%) methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were reported using PCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study helps to understand the increased level and pattern of resistance in coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from different types of canine pyoderma cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 2","pages":"117-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonographic characterization of tendons and ligaments of palmar/plantar aspect of the cannon region in Egyptian donkeys.","authors":"S Gadallah, A Sharshar, M Fadel, E Mahran, A Hammad","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2024.47480.6859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/IJVR.2024.47480.6859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a scarcity of data regarding the ultrasonographic characterization of tendons and ligaments in the distal limbs of donkeys.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To determine ultrasonographic characteristics of normal tendons and ligaments at the palmar/plantar aspect of the cannon region in Egyptian donkeys.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>B-mode ultrasonography was conducted for the proposed tendons and ligaments in 12 clinically normal donkeys. Targeted structures were examined using transverse and longitudinal scans and evaluated in shape, echogenicity, echogenic pattern, fiber alignment pattern, and cross-sectional area (CSA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using transverse scan, the sonographic shapes of tendons and ligaments of metacarpal and metatarsal regions were determined. Upon examining different levels of each region, specific ligaments, not tendons, were present only at the higher levels. The echogenicity of ligaments and tendons was either similar or variable across different levels. All tendons and ligaments displayed homogeneous echogenicity except for the suspensory ligament. In the longitudinal scan, tendons maintained linear and parallel fiber alignment along examination levels. Conversely, ligaments displayed mostly inconstant fiber patterns (linear/crimp). There was a statistically significant (P<0.05) difference in CSA of tendons and ligaments between certain levels within metacarpal and metatarsal regions. Upon comparing metacarpal and metatarsal regions, there were distinct variations in some ultrasonographic characteristics of the same tendons and ligaments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study established the ultrasonographic features of normal tendons and ligaments at the palmar/plantar aspect of the cannon region in donkeys (<i>Equus asinus</i>). These ultrasonographic data can be a reference guide when cannon region lameness is suspected.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 2","pages":"143-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of human smartwatch and transmittance pulse oximetry for evaluating peripheral oxygen saturation in anesthetized dogs.","authors":"M G Senocak, S Okur, U Ersoz, L E Yanmaz, Y Kocaman, F Turgut, A G Bedir, O T Orhun","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2024.47628.6884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/IJVR.2024.47628.6884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulse oximetry is a valuable tool for monitoring animals during anesthesia and assessing the adequacy of administered oxygen therapy.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To compare the pulse oximeter readings obtained by the Garmin Fenix 5X plus (GF5Xp) smartwatch and transmittance pulse oximetry (TPO) in anesthetized dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve clinical canine patients requiring anesthesia for castration were prospectively enrolled in this study. The animals were premedicated with intramuscular dexmedetomidine at a dose of 5 µg/kg. Anesthesia was induced through intravenous administration of propofol and maintained using sevoflurane. The arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO₂) readings obtained from the tongue using TPO (238 readings) were compared with measurements taken over the lateral side of the tibia using a GF5Xp smart wearable device (238 readings). This comparison was performed using a Bland-Altman plot, where the differences (%) between the methods were plotted against their mean SpO₂ (Gold standard - Device), and the limits of agreement were represented as the mean ± 1.96 times the standard deviation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SpO₂ levels in dogs were overestimated by the GF5Xp relative to the readings obtained by the TPO, with the bias of -0.3% (95% CI: -3.1%-2.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GF5Xp may be interchangeable with TPO in dogs. Further studies are required to validate the accuracy of the GF5Xp in non-anesthetized dogs or dogs outside the physiological range.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 2","pages":"166-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-farm epidemiology and phylogenetic evaluation of methicillin and beta-lactam-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolated from dairy cattle and buffaloes with endometritis.","authors":"P Bakht, M Ijaz, M Z Iqbal, H B Aslam, A Rehman","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2024.48563.7095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/IJVR.2024.48563.7095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a potential emerging and prevailing multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen involved in bovine endometritis.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>Present research evaluated the prevalence and molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) and beta-lactam resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (BRSA) and also analyzed the associated risk factors with endometritis along with antibiotic resistance patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 384 uterine and vaginal fluid samples were collected from the adult dairy cattle and buffaloes showing the clinical signs of endometritis including foul-smelling vaginal discharge, fever, enlarged and thickened uterine horns on rectal palpation, and confirmation by ultrasonography findings. The collected samples were subjected to standard microbiological methods for the detection of <i>S. aureus</i>. The confirmed isolates were further subjected to the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test and the detection of the <i>mecA</i> and <i>blaZ</i> genes for the confirmation of MRSA and BRSA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Study found an overall prevalence of 17.96% for <i>S. aureus</i> from bovine endometritis cases. Among <i>S. aureus</i> isolates, 50.72% and 37.68% isolates were confirmed MRSA while BRSA was found as 36.23% and 18.84%, based on phenotypic and genotypic methods, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the possibility of pathogen transmission within and between livestock animals. Risk factor analysis showed that the breed of animal, visible discharge from vagina, lactation number, insemination procedure, and calving place showed significant (P<0.05) association with <i>S. aureus</i>-associated endometritis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of study isolates showed the resistance to various commonly used antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concluded that <i>S. aureus</i> is found in 17.96% of bovines affected with endometritis and require further intensive research to elucidate the farm economic losses.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 2","pages":"98-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary incorporation of magnetic bentonite nanocomposite: impacts on <i>in vitro</i> fermentation pattern, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance of Baluchi male lambs.","authors":"E Ibrahimi Khoram Abadi, S Heydari, M Kazemi","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2024.47753.6919","DOIUrl":"10.22099/IJVR.2024.47753.6919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Incorporation of bentonite into the diets of ruminants can be helpful to maximize their performance. Modifying the structure of bentonite to nano and nanocomposite has improved their chemical stability and physicochemical properties, enhancing adsorption, absorption, and cation exchange capacity. <b>Aims:</b> This study aimed to assess the effect of magnetic bentonite nanocomposite (MBNC) on <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> fermentation process patterns, nutrient digestibility, and growth performance of Baluchi male lambs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Effects of control (basal diet), natural bentonite (NB) (10 g/kg dry matter (DM)), processed bentonite (PB) (5 and 10 g/kg DM basal diet), and MBNC (5 and 10 g/kg DM basal diet) on gas production (GP), and the fermentation process were determined using <i>in vitro</i> GP technique. For the <i>in vivo</i> experiment, 20 Baluchi male lambs were used with 4 experimental treatments: control, NB (5 g/kg DM), PB (5 g/kg DM), and MBNC (5 g/kg DM) and 5 replications in a completely randomized design for 60 consecutive days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The potential for GP and its fractional rates were significantly decreased and increased in MBNC, respectively (P<0.01). The lowest cumulative GP, and CH₄ yield were observed in MBNC (P<0.05). <i>In vitro</i>, DM and organic matter (OM) digestibility and all fermentation parameters increased with the addition of two levels of MBNC to the culture medium (P<0.01). Except for feed conversion ratio (FCR), other growth performance parameters increased with the addition of MBNC to the diet (P<0.01). The ruminal pH, total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), acetate, and propionate significantly increased when MBNC incorporated to the diet (P<0.01). The NH₃-N (P<0.001) was significantly decreased in MBNC. The bentonite supplementation decreased acetate to propionate (P=0.001) compared to the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adding MBNC at the 5 g/kg diet DM level can be used as a useful supplement to optimize rumen fermentation pattern, reduce methane production, and increase lamb performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 1","pages":"16-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11327647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of season on histoarchitecture of pineal gland in buffalo (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>).","authors":"A Sharma, V Kumar, V K Singh, T K Patbandha, Y L Vyas","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2024.48516.7084","DOIUrl":"10.22099/IJVR.2024.48516.7084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The photoperiod and other seasonal variations are the key factors that affect reproduction and production of the animals. The pineal gland secretes melatonin hormone that affects several physiological functions of the body during different seasons.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The present study was conducted to study the histoarchitectural and micrometrical changes in the pineal gland of buffalo (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>) during different seasons of the year.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pineal glands of 30 adult female Jaffarabadi buffaloes were collected from the slaughterhouse during the winter, summer, and rainy seasons. Samples were processed by standard histological procedures and stained with various stains for histological and micrometrical observations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pinealocytes constituted a major cellular portion of pineal parenchyma. The pinealocyte nuclei were lightly stained and more euchromatic during the winter season whereas darkly stained and slightly heterochromatic during summer. The calcium deposits occupied a larger area of pineal parenchyma during the summer as compared to the winter season. The pinealocyte density, the nuclear diameter of pinealocytes, and the number of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) were highest during the winter season as compared to the summer and rainy seasons.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study shows the influence of season on the histoarchitecture and histometry of the pineal gland of buffalo and indicated higher pineal activity during the winter season in this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 1","pages":"54-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11327651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of quorum sensing and biofilm formation on antimicrobial resistance and virulence of XDR and MDR <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in laying chickens.","authors":"N H Eidaroos, H I Eid, S A A Nasef, G H Mansour, R M El-Tarabili","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2024.47975.6969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/IJVR.2024.47975.6969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> plays a major influence on poultry outbreaks. Several factors may contribute to its pathogenicity.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infection among layer chickens with phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the isolates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples (n=160) were collected from respiratory distressed layer chickens according to the lesion and bacteriologically examined for isolation of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> from Sharkia province, Egypt. The antimicrobial sensitivity was performed against 18 antimicrobial agents. A qualitative assessment of biofilm production was performed using the Tube method. The isolates were genetically examined for confirmation, detection of quorum sensing genes, virulence genes, and biofilm production genes by conventional PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>P. aeruginosa</i> was isolated from 25% of the samples. Moreover, 95% of the isolates were extensively drug-resistant (XDR) with multiple antibiotic resistance indices (MARI) of 0.67 to 0.83. A total of 38 isolates were able to produce biofilm with different degrees. PCR of <i>16S rRNA</i> (<i>P. aeruginosa</i>) and <i>opr</i>L genes confirmed the existence of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates. For quorum sensing genes, <i>lasI</i> and <i>lasR</i> were successfully amplified at 100% and 89.5%, respectively. For virulence genes, <i>tox</i>A and <i>exo</i>U were amplified by a percentage of 78.9%, while the <i>higBA</i> gene was in 100% of the isolates. <i>ppr</i>A and <i>ppr</i>B genes were amplified at 100% and 89.5%, respectively. For biofilm genes, <i>psl</i>A, <i>fli</i>C, and <i>pel</i>A were amplified in 100%, 84.2%, and 10.5%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A strong correlation between quorum sensing genes, biofilm genes, and virulence genes was detected. Further, biofilm production increases the resistance of the isolates to antimicrobial agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 2","pages":"125-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of maedi-visna virus in different organs of the spontaneously affected small ruminants in India.","authors":"Sh Valecha, H S Yadav, N Roopa, S D Vinaykumar, M Bhardwaj, V Singh, P Kumar","doi":"10.22099/IJVR.2024.47429.6844","DOIUrl":"10.22099/IJVR.2024.47429.6844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maedi-visna (MV) is a small ruminant lentiviral (SRLV) disease affecting sheep and goats, and causes pathological alterations in various organs including lungs, pulmonary lymph nodes, mammary glands, joints, and CNS. <b>Aims:</b> Present study was focused to detect the MV virus (MVV) nucleic acid and MVV p28 antigen in different organs of the spontaneously MVV affected sheep and goats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Total of 657 samples were collected from sheep and goats (169 blood, 136 lungs, 96 pulmonary lymph nodes, 74 brain, 54 mammary gland, 78 joints, and 50 spleen) and screened for MVV nucleic acid using nested PCR assay. Serum samples were screened for SRLV antibodies by cELISA. Immunolocalization of MVV was demonstrated by using the polyclonal antibody against p28 antigen by immunohistochemistry in lungs, lymph nodes, mammary glands, and joint tissues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 657 samples, 10.7% (70) were found positive for MVV. Among different organs, lungs showed highest positivity (25.7%) followed by mammary glands (14.8%), blood (9.5%), joint tissues (7.7%), brain (5.4%), and pulmonary lymph node (1.0%). SRLV antibodies were detected in 29.2% of the serum samples of both sheep and goats by cELISA. MVV p28 antigen immunostaining was observed in lungs, lymph nodes, mammary glands, and joint tissues. However, the presence of MVV p28 antigen could not be demonstrated in the brain tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The highest positivity of MVV in lung tissues indicated higher predilection of the virus in the pulmonary tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 1","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11327649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}