Iranian journal of veterinary research最新文献

{"title":"Immune efficacy of <i>oprH</i> chitosan nanoparticle DNA vaccine against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>.","authors":"G Qiang, L Yajing, Z Shiji, T Jiayu, L Jingwen","doi":"10.22099/ijvr.2024.49964.7371","DOIUrl":"10.22099/ijvr.2024.49964.7371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is a zoonotic pathogen that poses a threat to human and animal health. However, no vaccine exists for controlling this bacterium.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the immune efficacy of a chitosan nanoparticle DNA vaccine of the <i>oprH</i> gene from <i>P. aeruginosa</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The naked DNA vaccine based on the <i>oprH</i> gene of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> was constructed. Then, the chitosan nanoparticle DNA vaccine of the <i>oprH</i> gene was prepared and the shape, size, encapsulation efficiency, stability, and ability of anti-DNA enzyme degradation were detected. Chickens were divided into five groups, namely the naked DNA vaccine group (poprH group), chitosan nanoparticle DNA vaccine group (CpoprH group), outer membrane protein vaccine group (OMP group), inactive vaccine group, and PBS group. After being vaccinated with corresponding vaccines, the levels of serum antibodies, lymphocyte proliferation assays, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interleukin-4 (IL-4) concentrations were detected. Groups of chickens were challenged with live virulent <i>P. aeruginosa</i> 2 weeks after the last vaccination and the survival numbers were counted until day 15 post challenge. Then, the protective rates were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The particle size of the chitosan nanoparticle DNA vaccine was approximately 200 nm and close to spherical; the encapsulation efficiency was 95.88%, and it could effectively resist degradation by DNase. Following vaccination, serum antibodies, stimulation index (SI) value, and concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 in chickens immunized with the chitosan nanoparticle DNA vaccine were significantly higher than those that were vaccinated with the naked DNA vaccine (P<0.05). The protective rates of poprH, CoprH, OMP vaccine, and inactive vaccine groups were 55%, 75%, 75%, and 90%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chitosan could significantly enhance the immune response and protection provided by the naked DNA vaccine of the <i>oprH</i> gene.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 4","pages":"353-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New host and distribution records for three species of <i>Dactylogyrus</i> (Dactylogyridae: Monogenea) from the endemic Anatolian fish species, <i>Alburnus escherichii</i> Steindachner, 1897 (Teleostei, Leuciscidae) in Turkey: Occurrence in relation to seasons and host factors.","authors":"N Aydogdu","doi":"10.22099/ijvr.2025.49775.7338","DOIUrl":"10.22099/ijvr.2025.49775.7338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This is the first record of dactylogyrid parasites from the endemic fish species, <i>Alburnus escherichii</i> Steindachner, 1897 in Turkey.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The purpose of this study was to define the dactylogyrid specimens of <i>A. escherichii</i> from Sarısu stream.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 216 individuals of <i>A</i>. <i>escherichii</i> were collected from Sarısu stream between winter (February) and autumn (September) 2023 with seasonal intervals (one sample per season) and screened for the presence of dactylogyrid parasites infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was determined that 57 <i>A. esherichii</i> were infected by one or more dactylogyrid parasite specimens (overall prevalence 26.3%). A total of 3 species of dactylogyrid parasites were identified on the gills: <i>Dactylogyrus fraternus</i> Wagener, 1909, <i>Dactylogyrus alatus</i> Linstow, 1878 and <i>Dactylogyrus minor</i> <i>Wagener, 1857.</i> <i>D. fraternus</i> was found to be the dominant parasite species in host fish species.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in the world on dactylogyrid parasites of <i>A. escherichii</i>. The host fish represents a new host record for each of the collected dactylogyrid parasite specimens. Furthermore, the present study provides the first record of <i>D. minor</i> in Turkish freshwater fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"26 1","pages":"27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12423997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145064527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of carboxymethyl dextran-asparaginase in NALM-6 cell apoptosis and autophagy.","authors":"M Azizian, G H Tamaddon, M Ashrafi, M Chahardahcherik, F Gharechahi","doi":"10.22099/ijvr.2024.49166.7208","DOIUrl":"10.22099/ijvr.2024.49166.7208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disorder in both humans and animals. L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) has limitations as a chemotherapy agent due to adverse effects and low serum stability. In a previous study, L-ASNase was chemically modified with carboxymethyl dextran to enhance its properties.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to validate the potential of these modifications using the NALM-6 cell line.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>NALM-6 cells were cultured and treated with various concentrations, including 0 IU/ml as negative control, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 IU/ml of modified L-ASNase and L-ASNase. The optimal concentration was determined at specific intervals, and viability and metabolic activity were assessed through Trypan blue and MTT tests. Flow cytometry, using Annexin V/PI staining, was employed to evaluate apoptosis. Real-time RT-PCR techniques were used to determine changes in the expression of the <i>ATG2B</i> and <i>LC3-II</i> genes (important genes in autophagy), with data analysis conducted using PRISM software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The modified L-ASNase reduced the viability of NALM-6 cells and induced higher levels of apoptosis (P=0.001). Interestingly, the modified enzyme had a lesser impact on autophagy, which is important for avoiding treatment resistance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The modified L-ASNase showed enhanced effectiveness in reducing the viability of NALM-6 cells and induced higher levels of apoptosis. Interestingly, the modified enzyme had a lesser effect on autophagy, which is important as excessive autophagy can lead to treatment resistance. These findings suggest that the modified L-ASNase may have the potential to be a more effective chemotherapeutic agent for ALL treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 4","pages":"344-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat shock protein D1 is up-regulated in various types of canine mammary tumors.","authors":"G Kaur, B V S Kumar, K Gupta","doi":"10.22099/ijvr.2024.50204.7404","DOIUrl":"10.22099/ijvr.2024.50204.7404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mammary tumors are the most common tumors in female dogs. An early diagnosis makes the treatment easier.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The present study aimed to assess heat shock protein D1 (HSPD1) expression in canine mammary tumors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Canine mammary tumor (CMT) samples were collected from clinics after surgery. Expression of <i>HSPD1</i> transcript in CMT and apparently healthy mammary tissues was analyzed by SYBR green based real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Further, gene encoding the immuno-dominant region of HSPD1 was cloned using the expression vector pPROEX-HTa and expressed in a prokaryotic system and recombinant HSPD1 (rHSPD1) was purified by affinity chromatography. Hyperimmune serum was raised against rHSPD1 in mice, and immunohistochemistry was standardized to assess the expression of this protein in various histotypes of canine mammary tumors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An elevated <i>HSPD1</i> mRNA expression (5.973 ± 0.862 folds) was observed in canine mammary tumors. Upon purification, a 60 kDa recombinant protein was obtained and confirmed by Western blotting. In 83.3% of healthy mammary tissues, a mild/feeble HSPD1 expression was observed whereas, a strong expression of HSPD1 was seen in 80% CMT samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggested that HSPD1 could be used as a molecular marker for canine mammary tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 4","pages":"368-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual histopathological features of a uterine leiomyosarcoma in a dog.","authors":"T R Akhila, T N Ganesh, A Azimah, M K Kok, A Salleh","doi":"10.22099/ijvr.2025.50585.7473","DOIUrl":"10.22099/ijvr.2025.50585.7473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Uterine leiomyosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm arising from leiomyocytes in the uterus.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>A 12-year-old mixed-breed intact female dog was presented with vaginal bleeding for the past 2 weeks. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a mixed echogenic mass in the uterus, and right lateral abdominal radiography showed a large mid-abdominal mass. Exploratory celiotomy was performed, revealing a solid mass in the entire uterine body and both uterine horns. Ovariohysterectomy was performed and the uterine mass sample was microscopically examined.</p><p><strong>Findings/treatment and outcome: </strong>The mass was composed of a dense proliferation of neoplastic cells that display two morphologic features; spindloid and epithelioid appearances. Additionally, chondroid-like matrix was noted. Both components were negative for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, and strongly positive for vimentin. The spindloid component was strongly positive for α-SMA, while the epithelioid-like component was moderately positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin. These findings are suggestive of a leiomyosarcoma. Although the recovery immediately following surgery was smooth and without complications, the dog's condition worsened over the following month, ultimately leading to euthanasia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This report describes the histopathologic features and clinical outcome of an unusual variant of uterine leiomyosarcoma in a dog.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"26 1","pages":"88-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12423996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145064530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular typing and seroepidemiology of pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i> spp. of domestic animals in Gilan province, northern Iran during 2021-2023.","authors":"B Talebi Darestani, S T Shafighi, G Abdollahpour, L Asadpour, N Ranji","doi":"10.22099/ijvr.2025.48812.7141","DOIUrl":"10.22099/ijvr.2025.48812.7141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Leptospira</i>, a pathogenic bacterial organism, causes human leptospirosis when it infects mammals. There are different serovars of <i>Leptospira</i>, each of which is adapted to a specific animal host. Adaptation occurs dynamically in different hosts and changes the distribution and clinical manifestations of serovars. Variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs) have been used to identify <i>Leptospira</i> <i>interrogans</i> strains.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The purpose of this study was to conduct seroepidemiology and molecular typing of pathogenic <i>Leptospira</i> isolated from domestic animals in Gilan province.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total number of 250 urine and blood samples were collected from domestic animals (horse, bovine, and sheep). Urine samples were cultured in EMJH medium. Using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and the Multilocus VNTR Analysis (MLVA) methods, unknown samples were analyzed to determine <i>Leptospira</i> serovars.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on our data, <i>Leptospira</i> Autumnalis was mainly found in horses and dominated at 50%, followed by <i>Leptospira</i> Canicola at 29.16%. MAT results showed that among 87 animals with the seropositive, the horses showed the highest level of contamination at 40%, and this difference was not significant (P=0.152).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to our data, <i>Leptospira</i> Autumnalis was mainly found in horses, and the bacteria were shed in urine, suggesting that horses could transmit leptospirosis. The results of this study confirm that MLVA can replace time-consuming methods such as MAT because it is a simple and fast technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"26 1","pages":"41-50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12423991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145064535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and antibiogram profiling of enterotoxigenic methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> at bovine-human interface.","authors":"M Ijaz, M U Javed, A Ahmed, H Rasheed, M J Sabir, A A Jabir, M Batool","doi":"10.22099/ijvr.2024.50719.7502","DOIUrl":"10.22099/ijvr.2024.50719.7502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, a ubiquitous pathogen due to its key involvement in dairy animal mastitis, is the leading cause of food-borne diseases in humans by producing various enterotoxins. <b>Aims:</b> The present study reported the prevalence of significantly increased enterotoxigenic MRSA pathogens among bovines and dairy occupational workers, along with antibiotic-resistant patterns, using the <i>in-vitro</i> technique.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 384 bovine (n=192 cattle, n=192 buffalo) milk samples and 100 human nasal or skin swab samples were collected to find out the prevalence of <i>S. aureus</i>, MRSA, <i>spa</i>, and enterotoxin genes (<i>seb</i>, <i>sec</i>) by PCR. Also, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted to compare and analyze the prevalent enterotoxin <i>seb</i> gene sequences from bovines, workers, and other sources.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The present study revealed that out of 484 total samples, 49.79% of isolates were positive for <i>S. aureus</i> while 29.46% and 66.80% of <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were positive for MRSA, and <i>spa</i> genes among bovine and human samples collectively. The prevalence of enterotoxigenic <i>S. aureus</i> was found to be 16.18% in bovine and human staphylococcal isolates. Additionally, the enterotoxigenic strains exhibited resistance to commonly used antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study shows that enterotoxigenic MRSA is prevalent in bovines and dairy occupational workers of study districts, Pakistan, and study isolates revealed a varying level of resistance to different antibiotics. The various virulence factors along with the antibiotic resistance makes MRSA a potential threat at animal-human interface, highlighting the need for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"26 1","pages":"8-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12424000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145064476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of <i>FASN</i> gene polymorphism on milk production traits in Bangladeshi cattle: Insights from mutant protein function.","authors":"M A Alim, M M K Hossain, N Jahan, R Rubaya, A A Bhuyan, J Alam, I Ahammad, M S R Siddiki, M Moniruzzaman","doi":"10.22099/ijvr.2025.49855.7351","DOIUrl":"10.22099/ijvr.2025.49855.7351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To meet up the demand gap of milk in Bangladesh, short-term, midterm, and long-term goal have been set up by the government through crossing with Bangladeshi local cattle and high-producing foreign cattle like Friesian, Jersey, Sahiwal, etc.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The purpose of this study was to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the <i>FASN</i> gene, to check the structural and functional impact of mutant proteins on milk production traits that are significantly associated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four SNPs were identified in exons 26, 36, 38, and 41 of the <i>FASN</i> gene using pooled DNA sequencing, but only one SNP g.17924 A>G was a non-synonymous that changed the amino acid threonine to alanine in the FASN protein and the other three SNPs were silent mutations. Structural and functional prediction analysis were done with a series of techniques to detect remote protein homology and predict structures, structural integrity, structure quality, protein stability, protein motion, flexibility, and stability impact, conservation profile and finally molecular dynamics simulations for wild-type and mutant protein expression differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The non-synonymous g.17924 A>G mutation showed a clear difference between wild and mutant proteins, indicating the impact on the observed phenotype. Then, SNP g.17924 A>G was genotyped in 100 milking cows aiming to check the association effects. SNP g.17924 A>G was found to have significant allele substitution effects on milk yield traits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that the identified polymorphism affects milk yield traits in the studied population and could be used as genetic marker for cattle selection processes aiming to increase productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"26 1","pages":"68-77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12424002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145064505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid leukocyte esterase detection of cytological endometritis in dairy cows.","authors":"A Sajadi, M Kafi, H Sharifiyazdi, M Azari","doi":"10.22099/ijvr.2025.50736.7507","DOIUrl":"10.22099/ijvr.2025.50736.7507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Certain limitations are associated with all kinds of diagnostic techniques used for the identification of bovine cytological endometritis under field conditions. Leukocyte esterase (LE) tape of urinary test strips has been used to detect cytological endometritis with an acceptable level of agreement with endometrial cytology in lactating dairy cows; however, the sampling procedure of LE tape strips is still time-consuming and not advisable for use at the farm level.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The present study was designed to provide a simpler and faster LE test to improve the field applicability of LE tape strips for the detection of bovine cytological endometritis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Endometrial samples were collected using cytobrush and modified LE tape techniques from slaughtered (n=74) and live dairy cows (n=43). The urinary strip's LE tape was affixed onto the cytobrush rod head using a hot glue adhesive. This modification created the possibility of rapid reading of the intensity of color change of LE tapes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Considering the cytology as the reference method, the sensitivity and specificity of the LE method for slaughterhouse samples were 82% and 73%, respectively. The agreement between endometrial cytology and the modified LE technique, considering the combination of slaughterhouse and clinical samples, was found to be moderate (=0.51; P<0.0001) in the present study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A rapid leukocyte esterase test can be used as a cow side and potential alternative to endometrial cytology; however, the efficacy of this method should further be evaluated based on the conception rates in dairy cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"26 1","pages":"78-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12423994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145064562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient content, <i>in-vitro</i> digestibility, and starch and protein molecular appearance of intact and ammoniated steamed-flaked and/or steamed-infrared heated-flaked barley grain.","authors":"A Honarmand, A R Vakili, M Danesh Mesgaran, A M Tahmasebi","doi":"10.22099/ijvr.2024.49168.7210","DOIUrl":"10.22099/ijvr.2024.49168.7210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of different physical and/or chemical treatments in cereal grains on starch morphology and ruminal digestibility has been evaluated.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The effect of chemical and/or physical treatments on starch and protein molecular appearance and the <i>ex-vivo</i> digestibility of barley grain was studied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Treatments were: steam-flaked barley grain (SFB), SFB treated with ammonium bicarbonate (A), urea (U), and malic acid (M) (SFB_AUM), SFB treated with A, U, and lactic acid (L) (SFB_AUL), steam-infrared heated-flaked barley grain (SIFB), SIFB treated with A, U, and M (SIFB_AUM), and SIFB treated with A, U, and L (SIFB_AUL). Chemicals including A, U, M, and L were used as 56, 8, 10, and 10 g/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. Chemical composition and molecular morphology were determined using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In situ mobile bag technique and <i>in vitro</i> batch culture procedure were used to estimate ruminal and post-ruminal digestibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Crude protein (CP) and starch concentrations in SFB_AUL were higher than the others (P<0.05). Starch granule morphology and protein structure were altered in the chemically treated samples. The potentially digestible fraction of DM was the highest in the SFB_AUM (P<0.05). Ruminal disappearance of DM, CP, and starch was improved in SFB_AUL and SIFB_AUL compared with other groups (P<0.05). The highest post-ruminal digestibility of starch and CP was observed in SIFB_AUL and SIFB (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Present results indicate that chemical processing with L and applied steam-infrared heated-flaked in barley grain may improve <i>in vitro</i> digestibility of starch and CP and increase granule sizes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14629,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of veterinary research","volume":"25 4","pages":"376-387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}