Investigative ophthalmology & visual science最新文献

{"title":"Biological Age Acceleration, Genetic Susceptibility, and Incident Glaucoma Risk.","authors":"Wei-Qi Song, Wen-Fang Zhong, Zhi-Hao Li, Dan Liu, Jiao-Jiao Ren, Dong Shen, Jian Gao, Pei-Liang Chen, Jin Yang, Xiao-Meng Wang, Fang-Fei You, Chuan Li, Huan Chen, Jia-Hao Xie, Chen Mao","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.4.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.4.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the association of biological age acceleration with incident glaucoma risk and examine whether genetic predisposition modifies it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 318,556 UK Biobank participants without baseline glaucoma. Biological age was calculated using the Klemera-Doubal method Biological Age (KDM-BA) and PhenoAge algorithms. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between biological age acceleration and incident glaucoma, and their interaction with genetic risk were analyzed by Cox regression models. Mendelian randomization analyses investigated causal associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After a median follow-up of 13.5 years, 6553 participants developed glaucoma. Biological age acceleration was associated with an increased glaucoma risk. Each 5-year increment in biological age acceleration was linked to higher glaucoma risk (KDM-BA acceleration: HR, 1.12, 95% CI, 1.07-1.16; PhenoAge acceleration, HR, 1.09, 95% CI, 1.06-1.13). Biologically older participants had a higher glaucoma risk than younger participants (KDM-BA acceleration, HR, 1.10, 95% CI, 1.05-1.16; PhenoAge acceleration, HR, 1.07, 95% CI, 1.02-1.13). Genetic risk modified these relationships (all P for interactions < 0.05). Biologically older participants with high genetic risk had the highest glaucoma risk (KDM-BA acceleration, HR, 2.33, 95% CI, 2.15-2.52; PhenoAge acceleration, HR, 2.21, 95% CI, 2.05-2.38). No causal relationships were found in the Mendelian randomization analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Biological age acceleration was associated with an increased glaucoma risk, and this relationship was modified by genetic risk. However, no causal relationship was established, and further research is needed to investigate the nature of the association.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 4","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12013680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Molecular Landscape of GLRA2 in X-Linked Early-Onset High Myopia.","authors":"Xiaoxia Li, Siyu Wang, Yuhan Wang, Ruru Chen, Xinjie Mao, Ying Mei, Meiping Xu, Lan Hu, Chuan Qin, Shilai Xing, Xiaoguang Yu, Liya Qiao","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.4.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.4.30","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Variants in the GLRA2 gene have been linked to early-onset and nonsyndromic high myopia with a X-linked inheritance. This study aimed to elucidate clinical and genetic characteristics of GLRA2-associated early-onset high myopia (eoHM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Variants in 17 genes reported to contribute to eoHM, including GLRA2, were evaluated for pathogenic level based on in silico prediction, associated phenotypes, and cosegregation analysis. The available clinical data of individuals were summarized. Minigene constructs were generated to assess the effects of the variant c.494+1G>A in GLRA2 on splicing. We integrated previous evidence to curate the clinical validity of GLRA2 and eoHM using the ClinGen framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in 7 of 17 genes were identified in 47 of 389 probands with eoHM, including 21 in OPN1LW, 12 in ARR3, and 9 in GLRA2. For GLRA2, 15 pathogenic variants (10 missense and 5 truncation) were identified in 16 families, in whom probands had eoHM by X-linked inheritance. The average refraction was -9.76 diopters (D) (standard deviation: ±5.45 D). Central corneal thickness averaged 539.41 and 544.06 µm in the right and left eyes, respectively, with no or mild myopic retinal changes observed in 64.3% (27/42) of eyes. Posterior staphyloma was detected in 17 of 33 eyes (51.5%), with 6 eyes progressing to macular splitting. Most cases showed normal retinal sensitivity and stable fixation. Based on genetic and experimental evidence, the GLRA2-eoHM relationship was classified as \"strong.\"</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research expanded the mutational spectrum of GLRA2 and reveals GLRA2 as the third most frequently implicated gene for Mendelian eoHM. Truncations and highly scored missense variants in GLRA2 are pathogenic. Myopia due to GLRA2 mutations is transmitted in X-linked inheritance, manifests with mild cone impairment, and progresses to pathologic myopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 4","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12007679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fetal Growth Restriction Is Associated With Altered Optic Nerve Head Morphology in Term-Born Children and Adolescents.","authors":"Achim Fieß, Sandra Gißler, Stephanie Grabitz, Esther M Hoffmann, Eva Mildenberger, Timo Uphaus, Marianne Hahn, Norbert Pfeiffer, Alica Hartmann, Alexander K Schuster","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.4.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.4.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Restricted fetal growth is associated with impaired neurodevelopment in childhood. We examined the effects of fetal growth restriction, fetal overgrowth, and other perinatal parameters on optic nerve head (ONH) morphology in term-born children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study with a prospective ophthalmologic examination included full-term born children aged 4 to 17 years who were grouped according to their birth weight correlated to gestational age (GA). We formed the following groups: severe fetal growth restriction (<3rd birth weight [BW] percentile, group 1), moderate fetal growth restriction (BW percentile 3rd to <10th, group 2), appropriate for gestational age (AGA, 10th-90th BW percentile, group 3, control group), moderate fetal overgrowth (>90th-97th BW percentile, group 4), and severe fetal overgrowth (>97th percentile, group 5). The participants underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and fundus photography to evaluate the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, minimal rim width (MRW), Bruch's membrane opening (BMO), and vertical cup-to-disc ratio (vCDR), focusing on their relationship to perinatal factors like nutritional status, GA, maternal smoking, and maternal breastfeeding. The relationships between the ONH parameters and perinatal factors were adjusted for variables such as age, sex, and axial length.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 732 eyes of 375 participants (mean age of 11.4 ± 3.71 years, 193 female subjects). Multivariable regression analyses showed an association between a thinner global pRNFL thickness in the participants with severe fetal growth restriction (B = -4.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], -9.43 to -0.47 µm; P = 0.03) compared to the reference AGA group. Furthermore, an association with a thinner MRW was found in the children born with moderate fetal growth restriction (B = -32.46; 95% CI, -51.52 to -13.40 µm; p < 0.001). BW percentile was associated with median vCDR (B = -0.001; 95% CI, -0.002 to 0.00; P = 0.02). No consistent association was observed between altered fetal growth and BMO.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Severe fetal growth restriction appears to affect the optic nerve head in term-born children and adolescents, suggesting a possible reduction in neuronal reserve, and may indicate a potentially elevated risk of abnormal neurodevelopment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 4","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12007673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NMN Supplementation Inhibits Endothelial Cell ROS-Mediated Src/Pi3k/Akt Signaling Pathway to Protect High-Altitude Blood-Retinal Barrier.","authors":"Siyuan Liu, Ning Du, Keke Ge, Jiayue Hu, Wenfang Zhang","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.4.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.4.51","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>High-altitude retinopathy (HAR) is primarily caused by hypobaric hypoxia, leading to hemodynamic changes in the retina and disruption of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB), which results in vasogenic edema. Currently, treatment strategies for this condition are limited. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) against high-altitude hypoxia-induced BRB disruption and its potential molecular mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We established a mouse model of high-altitude BRB injury using a simulated high-altitude environment chamber. Vascular leakage was observed through the Evans Blue dye leakage assay, and retinal Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels were measured using the WST-8 assay. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in a hypoxic chamber, and the permeability of a confluent monolayer to FITC-dextran was monitored. With or without NMN intervention, VE-cadherin expression or phosphorylation at cell junctions was analyzed by Western blot and/or immunofluorescence. Apoptosis levels were assessed via Western blot, TUNEL staining, or flow cytometry, whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were observed using DCFH-DA, MitoSOX, or DHE probes. DNA damage levels were measured using 8-Oxoguanine immunofluorescence staining, and phosphorylation levels of the Src/Pi3k/Akt signaling pathway were analyzed via Western blot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High-altitude hypoxia led to increased retinal cell apoptosis and significant phosphorylation of VE-cadherin in endothelial cells, which resulted in a marked increase in BRB permeability. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that NMN intervention reduced endothelial cell apoptosis and permeability. Additionally, NMN protected the endothelial barrier by regulating ROS levels in endothelial cells, inhibiting Src phosphorylation, and downregulating the downstream Pi3k/Akt signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings establish the role of NMN and the ROS-mediated Src/Pi3k/Akt signaling pathway in protecting the endothelial barrier, and identify a potential therapeutic strategy for protecting against hypoxia-related BRB leakage.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 4","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12013676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifications of Outer Retinal Bands in Geographic Atrophy by Comparing Superior Axial Resolution and Conventional OCT.","authors":"Sophie Frank-Publig, Hrvoje Bogunovic, Klaudia Birner, Markus Gumpinger, Philipp Fuchs, Leonard M Coulibaly, Virginia Mares, Friedrich Michel, Fiona Sophia Schmidt, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, Gregor S Reiter","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.4.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.4.65","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Novel treatments for geographic atrophy (GA) require precise monitoring, which can be improved with advances in optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefits of a novel device with superior axial resolution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients were recruited at the Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry at the Medical University of Vienna. Patients with GA were imaged with a Heidelberg SPECTRALIS HRA+OCT and the novel Heidelberg High-Res OCT device. Outer retinal bands and subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs) were segmented in 49 B-scans per OCT. Thickness and loss of outer retinal bands, as well as SDD volumes, were compared between devices and regions using linear mixed-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 3920 B-scans of 40 eyes of 32 patients. For the High-Res OCT, the myoid zone was thinner (19.85 µm, 95% confidence interval [CI] 16.8-22.8 vs. 21.37 µm, 95% CI 18.4-24.4; P < 0.001), whereas the ellipsoid zone (EZ) band was thicker (28.35 µm; 95% CI 22.7-24.0 vs. 27.29 µm, 95% CI 21.6-33.0). Smaller EZ- and external limiting membrane loss areas (all P < 0.001) were found for the High-Res OCT. The RPE band was thinner for the High-Res OCT (15.97 µm, 95% CI 13.5-18.4 vs. 21.08 µm, 95% CI 18.6-23.5; P < 0.001) without significant differences in RPE loss. Higher SDD volumes were found for the High-Res OCT (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Precise in vivo quantification of OCT features is of great relevance for individualized patient management. The High-Res OCT device allows for detailed topographical analysis of outer retinal changes in GA, which could improve early detection, patient selection, and patient management in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 4","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12020954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Spectrum and Molecular Characteristics of Inherited Ocular Diseases in a Cohort of Pediatric Patients With Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome.","authors":"Xiaoming Gong, Ian P Boydstun, William T Lawhon, Nancy N Hanna, Palak B Wall, Aaron Flickinger, E Eugenie Hartmann, Richard W Hertle","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.4.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.4.39","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS), the most prevalent form of nystagmus in children, often indicates underlying ocular and neurological conditions. Genetic assessment plays a crucial role in clinical management, genetic counseling, and access to emerging gene-based therapies. This study aims to characterize the clinical and genetic landscape of inherited ocular diseases (IODs) in children with INS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed clinical and genetic data from 205 unrelated pediatric patients with INS enrolled in an IRB-approved nystagmus registry (2010-2024). All underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS) with targeted gene panels to detect pathogenic variants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort comprised 117 males and 88 females (mean [SD] age, 8.85 [10.37] years). The most common INS-associated IODs included albinism (32%), Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) (14%), and achromatopsia (14%). Genetic testing achieved a definitive diagnosis in 85 of 205 patients, yielding a molecular diagnostic rate of 41.5%. A total of 83 pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants were identified across 30 genes. The seven most frequently disease-causing genes-TYR, CNGB3, RPGR, GPR143, ABCA4, OCA2 and FRMD7-accounted for 65% of the genetically solved cases. Additionally, eight genes associated with LCA (AIPL1, CABP4, GUCY2D, IMPDH1, NMNAT1, RDH12, PRPH2, and RPGRIP1) contributed to 15% of these cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study underscores the utility of NGS in diagnosing INS-associated IODs, providing essential insights for targeted interventions and identifying patients as candidates potentially eligible for ongoing gene-based therapy clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 4","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12007677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin K1 Alleviates Retinal Inflammation Following Acute Ocular Hypertension by Modulating Microglial Ferroptosis.","authors":"Xi Chen, Yan Rong, Yuxian Jiang, Qiuxiang Zhang, Sifei Xiang, Zhiqi Chen, Wei Chen, Hong Zhang, Chaohua Deng, Junming Wang","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.4.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.4.46","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and encompasses a group of diseases characterized by optic nerve atrophy and visual field defects. Acute intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation is a key driver of retinal inflammation and optic nerve damage, often accompanied by microglial activation and dysregulated ferroptosis pathways. Vitamin K1, a fat-soluble vitamin, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and has the potential to regulate ferroptosis. However, its mechanisms in alleviating retinal inflammation following acute IOP elevation remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In vivo, we established a mouse model of acute ocular hypertension to evaluate the protective effects of vitamin K1 on the retina and visual function. Transcriptome sequencing was used to explore the underlying mechanisms by which vitamin K1 exerts its effects. Immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to assess retinal inflammation and observe ferroptosis in microglia. In vitro, we developed a BV2 cell OGDR model to investigate the regulatory effects of vitamin K1 on iron metabolism and inflammation in microglia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings demonstrated that acute IOP elevation led to microglial activation, along with iron overload and ferroptosis in microglia. Further analyses revealed that microglial ferroptosis was accompanied by an upregulation of inflammatory cytokine gene expression and protein levels. Vitamin K1 intervention, however, inhibited microglial ferroptosis, alleviated retinal inflammation, minimized retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, and protected visual function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, this study demonstrates that vitamin K1 exerts a protective effect by modulating microglial ferroptosis, thereby alleviating acute ocular hypertension-induced retinal inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 4","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12013678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Metagenomic Long-Read Sequencing for the Diagnosis of Herpetic Uveitis.","authors":"Yoshito Koyanagi, Ai Fujita Sajiki, Kenya Yuki, Hiroaki Ushida, Kenichi Kawano, Kosuke Fujita, Hideyuki Shimizu, Daishi Okuda, Mitsuki Kosaka, Kazuhisa Yamada, Ayana Suzumura, Shu Kachi, Hiroki Kaneko, Hiroyuki Komatsu, Yoshihiko Usui, Hiroshi Goto, Koji M Nishiguchi","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.4.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.4.50","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the sensitivity and specificity of herpes virus detection by nanopore metagenomic analysis (NMA) compared with multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR)-positive and -negative controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 43 patients with uveitis who had been screened for intraocular herpes virus infection using mPCR from aqueous humor samples. Aqueous humor samples stored after mPCR were subjected to whole-genome amplification, long-read sequencing, and analysis of the phylogenetic microorganism composition using a Flongle flow cell on the Oxford Nanopore MinION platform. For samples that tested positive with mPCR and negative with the Flongle flow cell, additional long-read sequencing was performed using a MinION flow cell, which enabled acquisition of more sequence data. The sensitivity and specificity of herpes virus detection by NMA were compared with the mPCR-positive and -negative controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NMA using a Flongle flow cell detected the pathogenic virus in 60.0% of those who tested positive by mPCR (12/20). Further analysis using the MinION flow cell successfully identified viral DNA fragments in three out of the eight initially undetected samples, yielding a collective sensitivity of 75.0% (15/20). All of the virus detected with the long-read sequencing were identical to those diagnosed by mPCR testing, and none of the samples that tested negative by mPCR revealed herpes viral DNA with the use of long-read sequencing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For the detection of etiologic herpes virus DNA fragments, NMA revealed a reasonable sensitivity and high specificity. Our study highlights the potential of nanopore sequencing to facilitate further advances in uveitis diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 4","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12013679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arabic Reading Performance With a Chromatic Acuity Chart.","authors":"Balsam Alabdulkader, Ali Almustanyir, Norah Alsalem, Essam Almutleb, Mosaad Alhassan, Jeffery K Hovis","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.4.3","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.66.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study compared the reading performance for Arabic text defined by chromatic and achromatic contrast to understand better how chromatic contrast affects reading of normally sighted individuals and to establish a baseline for determining whether patients have a selective red-green chromatic sensitivity loss.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Reading performance for Arabic text was accessed by examining maximum reading speed (MRS), reading acuity (RA), critical print size (CPS), and the Reading Accessibility Index (ACC) using three near-point charts. The charts were the black-on-white Balsam Alabdulkader-Leat (BAL) chart, a red-on-green chart, and a gray-on-gray chart with a background luminance equal to the chromatic chart.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MRSs were significantly different (P = 0.03), with the red-on-green chart having a slightly higher value than the BAL chart. The ACC was lower for the BAL chart than the red-on-green and gray charts (P = 0.003). However, RA for the BAL chart was better, and the CPS was smaller relative to the red-on-green chart (P < 0.05) and gray chart (P < 0.001). Individuals with red-green color vision deficiencies had poorer RA and larger CPS on the red-on-green chart relative to the achromatic charts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the MRS and ACC of the chromatic chart were significantly higher, the difference was not clinically important. The result that the MRS was similar for all three charts confirmed earlier findings that MRS is similar if text contrast is sufficiently above threshold. The lower RA and corresponding larger CPS for the red-on-green and gray charts were due to their lower background luminance and lower contrast.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 4","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11967997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum in: Porcine Sub-Retinal Pigment Epithelium Deposits: A Model for Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration With Comparison to Human Drusen.","authors":"","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.4.10","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.66.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 4","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11977796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}