Investigative ophthalmology & visual science最新文献

{"title":"Contribution and Compensation Effects of Refracting Components to Ocular Aberrations in Keratoconus.","authors":"Satish K Gupta, Andrew Carkeet, Scott A Read, Stephen J Vincent, David A Atchison","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.11.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.11.64","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine the (i) contributions of refracting components to ocular aberrations and (ii) compensation effects exhibited by these components in keratoconus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Right eyes of 14 keratoconus and 20 control participants were analyzed using 5 mm pupils. Ocular aberrations were measured with a Hartmann-Shack aberrometer. Corneas were imaged with a Scheimpflug tomographer. Three-dimensional models of the total cornea and anterior cornea were created. Raytracing included correct object-image conjugates and corneal decentration relative to the aberrometer pupillary center to determine the total corneal and anterior corneal aberrations. Posterior corneal and lenticular aberrations were computed. Compensation effects (%) were calculated: 100 (anterior corneal-total corneal aberration)/anterior corneal aberration, and 100 (total corneal-ocular aberration)/total corneal aberration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Considering coefficients for the total cornea with absolute values >0.05 µm, for both corneal surfaces, keratoconus had higher magnitudes than controls for C(2,-2), C(3,-3), C(3,-1), C(4,-2), total root mean square (RMS), higher-order RMS (HORMS), and J45. Both surfaces' RMS aberrations were approximately 2 to 5 times higher in keratoconus than in controls. Anterior corneal RMS aberrations were approximately 5 times (keratoconus) and approximately 3 to 4 times (controls) higher than those of the posterior cornea. Posterior corneal compensations for anterior corneal aberrations were higher in keratoconus than in controls for C(3,-3) (21%, decompensation of -14%), C(3,-1) (21%, -33%), C(4,-2) (27%, -10%), C(4,+2) (22%, 10%), HORMS (20%, 2%), and J0 (68%, 66%), as were lenticular compensations for total corneal aberrations for C(2,-2) (40%, -64%), C(2,+2) (70%, 60%), total RMS (21%, 20%), and J0 (642%, -55%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Keratoconic eyes exhibited higher anterior and posterior corneal aberrations than control eyes. The posterior cornea and lens compensated partly for the anterior cornea and total cornea, respectively, with greater percentage compensations in keratoconus.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 11","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12393118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical Models of Topically and Intravitreally Applied Ranibizumab.","authors":"Paul A Roberts, Chloe N Thomas, Gabriel Bellamy Plaice, James A Roberts, Marie-Christine Jones, James W Andrews, Lisa J Hill","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.11.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.11.45","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes vision loss when vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates blood vessel growth into the light-sensitive retina. Anti-VEGF treatments such as ranibizumab are currently administered to treat wet AMD via intravitreal injections, which are unpleasant, expensive, and risk complications. We explored the efficacy of topically administered ranibizumab, with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ex vivo pig eyes were divided into three groups and treated with (1) topical or (2) intravitreal ranibizumab and CPP, or (3) intravitreal ranibizumab. ELISAs measured ranibizumab and VEGF concentrations in the aqueous and vitreous at 20 min, 40 min, 1 h, and 3.5 h (n = 3, per group). An ordinary differential equation model was formulated to describe the evolving concentrations of ranibizumab, VEGF, and their compounds in the tear, aqueous, and vitreal compartments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Experimental-Topical: aqueous ranibizumab levels increased significantly, coincident with a significant drop in aqueous VEGF. Vitreal ranibizumab increased significantly, while vitreal VEGF remained constant. Intravitreal (with and without CPP): vitreal ranibizumab reached high concentrations, coincident with a significant drop in vitreal VEGF. Mathematical-topical treatment may provide sustained, moderate suppression of vitreal VEGF levels, while intravitreal treatment provides strong suppression, which lessens between treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CPP allows topical ranibizumab to penetrate the cornea. Combined intravitreal/topical treatment presents a promising approach; topical treatment suppresses vitreal VEGF levels between injections and thereby potentially reduces the frequency of injections. Treatment efficacy would be enhanced if ranibizumab's rate of binding to VEGF or tear residence time could be increased.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 11","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Importance of Matching Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Metrics to Diabetic Retinopathy Severity for Detecting Progression.","authors":"Shinji Kakihara, Kallista Zhuang, Mohamed AbdelSalam, Taffeta Chingning Yamaguchi, Amani A Fawzi","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.11.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.11.49","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine which macular optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) metric best captures early progression of capillary non-perfusion across diabetic retinopathy (DR) severities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective, 1-year observational study, 208 patients with diabetes (320 eyes) underwent 3 × 3 mm macular OCTA at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Registered, averaged images yielded geometric perfusion deficits (GPDs), vessel density (VD), vessel length density (VLD) in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP and DCP), and foveal avascular zone area. Eyes were graded as non-referable or referable. Linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration, hemoglobin A1c, and hypertension were conducted. Post hoc Dunnett's tests compared follow-ups with baseline within each severity group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 709 eye visits were analyzed by OCTA. Across the cohort, referable DR, longer diabetes duration, and hypertension were independently associated with higher GPD values. In referable eyes, GPD-DCP increased at 6 months (P = 0.036) and 1 year (P = 0.016), whereas no other OCTA metric changed significantly at 6 months. In non-referable eyes, the only significant change was a decrease in VD-SCP at 1 year (P = 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Microvascular progression follows distinct, layer-specific patterns. In non-referable DR, capillary ischemia progresses more slowly and is more prominent in the SCP. In referable DR, GPD-DCP detected the earliest signs of microvascular progression and may serve as a promising biomarker, preceding vessel-based metrics. These findings suggest that the most informative OCTA metric should be tailored not only to the study question or timeline, but also to DR severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 11","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the Trans-Ancestry Genetic Correlation of Refractive Error.","authors":"Rosie Clark, Xi He, Thu Nga Nguyen, Thanh Huyen Bui, Hannah Noor, Cathy Williams, Louise Terry, Jeremy A Guggenheim","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.11.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.11.60","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The prevalence of myopia varies significantly across the globe. This may be a consequence of differences in exposure to lifestyle risk factors or differences in genetic susceptibility across ancestry groups. \"Trans-ancestry genetic correlation\" quantifies the similarity in genetic predisposition to a trait or disease between different populations. We estimated the trans-ancestry genetic correlation of refractive error across Europeans, South Asians, East Asians, and Africans using recently developed approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two methods were applied: (1) trans-ancestry genetic correlation with unbalanced data resources (TAGC-UDR) and (2) trans-ancestry bivariate genomic-relatedness-based restricted maximum-likelihood (TAB-GREML). TAGC-UDR analyses were carried out for UK Biobank participants of European (n = 3500), East Asian (n = 972), South Asian (n = 4303), and African (n = 3877) ancestry. TAB-GREML analyses were carried out for participants of European (n = 10,000), South Asian (n = 4303), and African (n = 3877) ancestry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TAGC-UDR analyses suggested the trans-ancestry genetic correlation of refractive error was in the range 0.7-1.0 for the European versus African, European versus East Asian, and European versus South Asian ancestry pairs. The TAB-GREML estimates were consistent with the TAGC-UDR findings. Precision of the estimates was limited, reflecting the modest sample sizes of the non-European samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results support and extend previous work suggesting that genetic susceptibility to refractive error is largely shared across Europeans, Africans, and South Asians. This suggests geographical differences in myopia prevalence are mostly driven by lifestyle factors or rare genetic variants not considered in the current work.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 11","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12395803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Helicobacter pylori Infection on Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macula.","authors":"Hui Miao, TianHao Qu, Yanming Huang, Sujie Fan, Yiquan Yang, Aiguo Lv, Jianhua Hu, Li Guo, Qian Jia, Zhenduo Li, Shujun Zhang, Yuhong Li, Wei Shi, Yongjie Chen, Siyue Chen, Hua Yan","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.11.35","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.66.11.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to elucidate the effects of Helicobacter pylori infection on the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macula.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was undertaken at the Health Examination Center of the First Hospital of Handan from 2021 to 2022. Participants who underwent both the 14C-urea breath test and ocular examinations were selected. The RNFL and macula were assessed using a swept-source optical coherence tomography device (Topcon OCT, Tokyo, Japan). Data are presented as mean ± SD and were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and t-test, with a significance level set at P < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RNFL analysis of 1693 H. pylori-positive and 1693 negative left eyes revealed significantly thinner inferior temporal RNFL in the H. pylori-positive group (149.79 ± 29.55 µm vs. 152.76 ± 29.15 µm, P = 0.026). No other regional RNFL differences were found (P > 0.05). In the macula study of 2117 H. pylori-positive and 2117 negative participants, macular degeneration occurred in 74 positive (avgerage age 54.66 ± 10.08 years) and 67 negative individuals (avgerage age 60.22 ± 10.50 years). The incidence rates were not significantly different (P > 0.05), but the positive group with lesions was significantly younger (P = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>H. pylori infection may be associated with localized defects in the RNFL, which could serve as early indicators of glaucoma, and it may also be potentially linked to accelerated progression of macular degeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 11","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12366866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144855254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal Vessel Changes in Geographic Atrophy in AMD: Insights From Imaging and Histology.","authors":"Chiara Olivieri, Antonio Fai, Imran A Bhutto, D Scott McLeod, Giovanni Neri, Michele Reibaldi, Malia M Edwards, Enrico Borrelli","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.11.69","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.66.11.69","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate retinal vascular changes in geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA), and to correlate imaging findings with histology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty subjects were enrolled: 20 with GA, 20 with intermediate AMD, and 20 healthy controls. SS-OCTA imaging was used to quantify retinal perfusion density (PD) and vessel length density (VLD) in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and full retina. A topographical analysis distinguished regions with and without retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy in GA eyes. Additionally, flat-mount immunohistochemistry was performed on a donor eye with GA to assess retinal vasculature. Main outcome measures included PD and VLD across SCP, DCP, and full retina, in regions with and without RPE atrophy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Retinal PD and VLD were significantly reduced in GA eyes compared with intermediate AMD eyes, particularly in the DCP. Topographical analysis revealed more pronounced vascular impairment in areas with RPE atrophy, whereas regions without RPE atrophy in GA eyes exhibited perfusion comparable to intermediate AMD and healthy controls. Histological analysis confirmed a substantial reduction in vascular density within atrophic regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Retinal vascular changes in GA predominantly occur within regions of RPE atrophy. The preservation of perfusion in regions without RPE atrophy suggests that vascular impairment is localized. These findings underscore the importance of regional analysis and histopathologic correlation in understanding vascular remodeling in GA. Future longitudinal OCTA studies are warranted to clarify the temporal progression of these vascular alterations in relation to RPE atrophy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 11","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Salivary Exosomes in Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing.","authors":"Wentao Liang, Li Huang, Joseph M Clayton, Sarah E Nicholas, Brenna S Hefley, Jian-Xing Ma, Dimitrios Karamichos","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.11.8","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.66.11.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of salivary exosomes (SEs) in corneal epithelial wound healing by assessing their effects on wound closure, cellular function, and molecular mechanisms in both in vivo and in vitro models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Corneal epithelial wounds were induced in C57BL/6J mice and treated with topical SEs (10 µg/eye) twice daily. Wound closure was monitored using fluorescein staining. In vitro, primary human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and human limbal epithelial cells (HLECs) were treated with SEs (0, 5, and 25 µg/mL) to assess migration, proliferation, and mitochondrial function. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate key molecular markers, including integrin α6, integrin β4, thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SE treatment significantly accelerated corneal wound closure in vivo. In vitro, SEs enhanced HCEC and HLEC migration, proliferation, and mitochondrial function. SEs upregulated integrin α6, integrin β4, and TSP1 expression in both wounded corneas and cultured HCECs. TGF-β1 levels were transiently increased in exosome-treated corneas but returned to baseline as healing progressed. Mitochondrial stress assays revealed that SEs enhanced oxidative phosphorylation in HCECs and HLECs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SEs promote corneal epithelial wound healing by enhancing cellular migration, proliferation, and mitochondrial function while modulating key molecular pathways. These findings suggest that SEs represent a novel therapeutic strategy for corneal injury, warranting further investigation into their mechanisms and clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 11","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12338374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Macular Pigment Optical Volume and Visual Function in Glaucoma Patients.","authors":"Norikazu Matsumura, Ryo Asaoka, Yuri Fujino, Akira Obana","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.11.31","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.66.11.31","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationships among visual field (VF) sensitivity, retinal structure, and macular pigment in glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 218 eyes from 121 patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma were included. VF sensitivity was assessed using the 10-2 test with the Humphrey Field Analyzer. Macular pigment optical volume (MPOV) was measured using the two-wavelength fundus autofluorescence method with SPECTRALIS optical coherence tomography (OCT). Additionally, ganglion cell complex (GCC) and nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickness were evaluated using OCT. The relationships among VF sensitivity, retinal structure, and MPOV were evaluated by matching the measurement areas of each test as closely as possible.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was 71.6 ± 10.8 years (49 males). MPOV showed no significant association with VF sensitivity in either the superior or inferior hemiretina (P = 0.75 and P = 0.42, respectively). MPOV was not significantly associated with GCC or NFL thickness in both the superior and inferior hemiretina (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In glaucoma patients, MPOV was not associated with VF sensitivity, GCC, or NFL. These findings suggest no structural or functional association between MPOV and glaucomatous damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 11","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12369915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraocular Pressure After Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Injection in Eyes With a Mineralized Bruch's Membrane Caused by Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum.","authors":"Kristin Raming, Isabel Saltenberger, Jonathan Meinke, Sara Risseeuw, Karl Mercieca, Philipp Herrmann, Petrus Chang, Thomas Ach, Redmer van Leeuwen, Jeannette Ossewaarde-van Norel, Maximilian Pfau, Frank G Holz, Kristina Pfau","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.11.25","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.66.11.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess acute IOP changes after anti-VEGF injections in patients with Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) compared to other retinal diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty eyes of patients with PXE (mean age 63.4 ± 6.4 years) and 30 control eyes (mean age 64.8 ± 11.8 years) were included. IOP was measured prior and one, five, and 15 minutes after intravitreal injection of 50 µL anti-VEGF agent. The post-injection IOP curve was modeled by an exponential decay function, and the resulting exponential time constant (tau) served as the outcome variable in the multivariable models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IOP raised markedly after anti-VEGF injection in both groups, without significant difference in PXE compared to controls. The median tau in the PXE group was 8.6 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] = 8.2-9.4) versus 7.6 minutes (IQR = 6.8-8.9) in the control group (P = 0.02). Seven PXE patients and one control patient reported a previous transient vision loss after anti-VEGF injection. Univariate analysis showed that the diagnosis of PXE (1.12, P = 0.006), angioid streak length (0.12, P = 0.01), prior transient vision loss (1.77, P = 0.001), peripheral artery disease (0.96, P = 0.04) and the number of previous anti-VEGF injections (0.02, P = 0.014) were significantly associated with higher tau values.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The time to restore to baseline IOP after anti-VEGF injection is longer in PXE patients. Given the early need for anti-VEGF treatment, frequent injections, and the possible heightened vulnerability (e.g., optic disc drusen) in PXE patients, clinical trials on pre-injection IOP-lowering measures warrant consideration.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 11","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12352511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author Response: Retina Real-World Outcomes After Switch From Aflibercept to Faricimab in Eyes With Diabetic Macular Edema.","authors":"Kim Lien Huber, Irene Steiner, Andreas Pollreisz","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.11.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.11.51","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 11","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12380115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}