Investigative ophthalmology & visual science最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Cigarette Smoke and a Heated Tobacco Product on Corneal Oxidative Stress in an Air/Liquid Interface Model.","authors":"Sebastiano Giallongo, Francesco Bellia, Andrea Russo, Matteo Fallico, Riccardo Polosa, Niccolò Castellino, Antonio Longo, Rosalia Emma, Konstantinos Partsinevelos, Massimo Caruso, Arief S Kartasasmita, Giuseppe Sferrazzo, Ignazio Alberto Barbagallo, Rosario Caltabiano, Giuseppe Broggi, Amer M Alanazi, Giovanni Li Volti","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Tobacco smoke harbors toxic combustion by-products contributing to inflammatory diseases. Cigarette smoke's impact on ocular diseases has been poorly characterized, despite conjunctival mucosa's sensitivity to these toxicants. Of note, cigarette smoke triggers redness, tearing, and discomfort, accounting as a risk factor for glaucoma, macular degeneration, cataracts, and other eye conditions. Low quit rates of cessation highlight the need for alternatives. Heated tobacco products (HTPs), may represent a less toxic alternative for those smokers. This study evaluates cigarette smoke and HTPs effects on cornea under standard and clinically relevant conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Corneal tissues collected from donors and in vitro model in two different cell lines of corneal epithelium were exposed to cigarette (1R6F) smoke and HTPs vapor. Air exposure was included as a control. Tissue pathological evaluation was carried out by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured, and quantitative PCR assessed inflammatory and antioxidant genes expression. Proteome analysis was used to evaluate differentially expressed proteins related to the oxidative stress. Scratch assay measured smoke and HTPs impact on cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hematoxylin & eosin staining highlighted that cigarette smoke impairs corneal tissue integrity, leading to ROS accumulation and inflammation, as proved by qPCR analysis. Proteomic analysis showed that corneal tissue's proteins were differently oxidized by the different experimental conditions. HTP targeted structural intracellular proteins, whereas 1R6F affects different members of collagen family. Finally, cigarette smoke, but not HTPs, impairs epithelial cells wound closure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Smoking increases oxidative stress, leading to significant corneal damage and inflammation. HTPs may offer a less toxic alternative.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 4","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vivo Brillouin Analysis of Lens Nucleus and Cortex in Adult Myopic Eyes and Their Correlation With Accommodation.","authors":"Le Chang, Fen Song, Shijia Qu, Huazheng Cao, Yanan Wu, Lulu Xu, Jing Wang, Ruirui Zhang, Chao Xue, Yan Wang","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo biomechanical properties of crystalline lens nucleus and cortex in adults with myopia, their potential influences, and the correlation between these properties and ocular accommodation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 195 right eyes of 195 participants, divided into 4 groups based on spherical equivalent: emmetropia (37 eyes), low myopia (41 eyes), moderate myopia (59 eyes), and high myopia (58 eyes). Participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmological examinations, including intraocular pressure, axial length, cycloplegic refraction, lens morphology, accommodation measurements, and Brillouin optical scanning of the lens. Additionally, demographic information, such as age and sex, was recorded. Normality tests were performed on the data using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Between-group differences were examined using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted to analyze the factors associated with lens biomechanical properties and accommodation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean longitudinal modulus of the crystalline lens nucleus (LMN), anterior cortex (LMAC), and posterior cortex (LMPC) was 3.395 ± 0.027 GPa, 3.030 ± 0.066 GPa, and 2.990 ± 0.066 GPa, respectively, in adult myopia and 3.342 ± 0.024 GPa, 3.015 ± 0.0488 GPa, and 2.978 ± 0.049 GPa, respectively, in emmetropia. LMN was significantly higher in myopia (difference = 0.047, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.037 to 0.057, P < 0.001) and increased significantly with higher degrees of myopia (standardized β = -0.712, P < 0.001). No statistical differences in the LMAC or LMPC were observed between myopia and emmetropia. Lens densitometry on the centerline was the only lens parameter independently correlated with LMN (standardized β = -0.282, P < 0.01). Increased LMN in myopia was independently correlated with increased amplitude of accommodation (AMP) and decreased accommodative facility (AF; standardized β = 0.198, -0.237, all P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LMN was significantly higher in adult patients with myopia than in emmetropia and increased with increasing myopia. Increased LMN in myopia significantly correlated with decreased AF and increased AMP. High LMN may be an important biological alteration during the development of adult myopia, especially high myopia, providing new insights into myopia pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 4","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volumetric Measures of Capillary Nonperfusion on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Detect Early Ischemia in Diabetes Without Retinopathy.","authors":"Janice X Ong, Hunter J Lee, Nicole L Decker, Daniela Castellanos-Canales, Hisashi Fukuyama, Amani A Fawzi","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to compare volumetric 3-dimensional (3D) against standard 2-dimensional (2D) measurements of ischemia for distinguishing early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study considered 82 eyes of 82 patients (aged 51.0 ± 11.9 years) including 27 healthy controls, 31 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) without DR, and 24 patients with mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR). Using OCTA, we obtained 2D scans and 3D volumes of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), middle capillary plexus (MCP), and deep capillary plexus (DCP). We calculated geometric perfusion deficits (GPDs), which define ischemic regions as those located farther than a specified threshold distance from the nearest blood vessel. For the GPD parameter, we compared the performance of a 20 µm versus 30 µm cutoff.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On 2D scans, eyes with mild NPDR had significantly higher GPDs in all 3 retinal capillary layers, indicating worse ischemia, compared with both healthy controls and patients with DM without DR, using either threshold (20 µm or 30 µm) to define GPD (all P < 0.05). DM without DR showed no significant difference from healthy eyes in 2D images. Interestingly, however, using 3D volumes, DM without DR eyes had significantly greater DCP GPDs than healthy eyes using a GPD threshold of 20 µm (P = 0.012), but not with 30 µm (P = 0.057).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using a stringent threshold (20 µm), volumetric OCTA imaging detects significant DCP perfusion defects in diabetic eyes even before DR onset, whereas traditional 2D OCTA does not. Volumetric scans may therefore be more sensitive to early ischemia in diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 4","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Frequency Modulation of Binocular Balance in Normal and Amblyopic Vision.","authors":"Chenyan Zhou, Jiawei Zhou, Seung Hyun Min","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate how temporal frequency modulates binocular balance in normally sighted and amblyopic adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-three controls and 13 amblyopes participated in this study. The effects of temporal frequency differences and monocularly directed attention on binocular balance were measured using an onset binocular rivalry task with sinusoidally flickering gratings at varying temporal frequencies and static gratings with monocular attentional cues. For the flickering gratings, different combinations of temporal frequencies (2, 4, or 10 Hz in one eye vs. 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 15, or 20 Hz in the other) were presented. Their effects were then compared, and their relationship was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no relationship between the shifts in balance from temporal frequency and monocularly directed attention in both controls and amblyopes. Intermediate temporal frequencies (8.9 ± 1.4 Hz) in one eye maximized its perceptual dominance, with a larger shift due to temporal frequency in amblyopes than in controls. While normally sighted observers experienced similar degrees of shift in balance from temporal frequency and attentional (active and passive) modulations, amblyopic observers experienced a larger shift from temporal frequency than from monocularly focused passive (but not active) attention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intermediate temporal frequencies in one eye, rather than a specific temporal frequency difference between both eyes, maximized its perceptual dominance in both normally sighted and amblyopic observers. This balance shift from temporal frequency modulation was larger in amblyopes than in controls. Finally, the effect of temporal frequency on balance was larger than that of monocularly directed passive attention in amblyopes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 4","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enlarged Blind Spot Linked to Gamma Zone and Peripapillary Hyperreflective Ovoid Mass-Like Structures in Non-Pathological Highly Myopic Eyes.","authors":"Qiuyan Wu, Ruihan Hu, Qihong Liu, Fang Li, Yuanyuan Wang, Zuohuizi Yi, Jiajia Yuan, Yilei Shao, Meixiao Shen, Hongmei Zheng, Changzheng Chen","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of enlarged blind spots in non-pathological highly myopic eyes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Visual field conditions of 313 eyes in 172 individuals with high myopia were evaluated. Clinical characteristics of 116 eyes with enlarged blind spots and 116 eyes with normal visual fields were compared. Generalized-estimating equation (GEE) regression model were used to assess the factors associated with enlarged blind spots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The frequency of enlarged blind spots in non-pathological highly myopic eyes was 37.06% in this sample. Eyes with enlarged blind spots had larger gamma zone (P = 0.038), larger PHOMS area (P < 0.001), increased peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (P = 0.006), and decreased macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (P = 0.016) compared with eyes with normal visual fields. In multivariate regression analysis, an expanded gamma zone (OR = 2.004; P = 0.022) and a larger PHOMS area (OR = 4.414; P = 0.009) were associated with an enlarged blind spot.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An expanded gamma zone and a larger PHOMS area are associated with an enlarged blind spot, indicating that these two parameters may suggest a possibility of functional damage in early nonpathological, highly myopic eyes. This pattern of impairment might provide clues for the differential diagnosis between high myopia and glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 4","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of RP1L1-Associated Retinopathy.","authors":"Alessio Antropoli, Lorenzo Bianco, Xavier Zanlonghi, Amine Benadji, Christel Condroyer, Aline Antonio, Julien Navarro, Claire-Marie Dhaenens, José-Alain Sahel, Christina Zeitz, Isabelle Audo","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Pathogenic variants in RP1L1 are associated with autosomal dominant occult macular dystrophy (OMD) and autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP). In this study, we investigated the phenotypic and genotypic landscape of RP1L1-associated retinopathy in an ethnically heterogeneous cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter cohort study retrospectively collected the following data: best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), color fundus photograph (CFP), optical coherence tomography (OCT), short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence (SW-AF), and full-field electroretinography (ffERG). Patients were classified based on their clinical phenotype in OMD or RP. Atypical cases were analyzed separately and reappraised according to their clinical and genetic findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 20 patients (40 eyes) from 19 families: 12 (60%) with OMD, 4 (20%) with RP, and 4 (20%) atypical cases (3 \"non-occult\" macular dystrophy, 1 rod-cone dystrophy with vitelliform maculopathy). Autosomal dominant OMD was the most common phenotype, with one autosomal recessive OMD case identified. Autosomal recessive RP had the latest onset, best visual acuity, and highest refractive error. OMD BCVA declined by ∼0.5 lines/year over a median follow-up of 3.2 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mutations in RP1L1 cause a spectrum of diseases, including autosomal dominant OMD, autosomal recessive OMD, and autosomal recessive rod-cone dystrophies, occasionally presenting with pseudovitelliform maculopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 4","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Corneal Nerve Plexus Selective Damage in Persistent Neurotrophic Corneal Epithelial Defects Detected by In Vivo Multiphoton Confocal Microscopy.","authors":"Seitaro Komai, Manuel E Quiroga-Garza, Raul E Ruiz-Lozano, Nadim S Azar, Hazem M Mousa, Sofia Murillo, Symon Ma, Ali Khodor, Sejiro Littleton, Daniel R Saban, Alain Chédotal, Victor L Perez","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the corneal nerve damage in neurotrophic corneal persistent epithelial defects by an in vivo imaging system using in vivo multiphoton confocal microscopy (MCM) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP):GFP Tg mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Corneal epithelium was scraped, followed by administering a single dose of benzalkonium chloride (BAK) to develop a neurotrophic persistent epithelial defect. The defect was imaged with fluorescein staining for up to 24 hours, and wound closure percentage (%, WCP) was calculated. CGRP:GFP Tg mice were used in combination with in vivo MCM to acquire in vivo images of corneal nerve before and 24 hours after the creation of a corneal epithelial defect. GFP signals from CGRP-positive nerves were reconstructed into three-dimensional (3D) images, and nerve volume was analyzed. Additionally, corneal mechanosensation was evaluated using Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BAK-treated eyes showed a significant delay in WCP at 24 hours. In CGRP:GFP Tg mice, CGRP-positive nerves were successfully captured by in vivo MCM and reconstructed into 3D images. BAK-treated eyes showed a significant decrease in both stromal nerve volume and corneal mechanosensation compared to no BAK eyes at 24 hours after corneal scraping, suggesting that BAK impaired the stromal nerves in both structural and functional asides.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our in vivo corneal nerve imaging system using the combination of in vivo MCM and CGRP:GFP Tg mice demonstrated a longitudinal observation of murine corneal nerves. This system revealed that corneal stromal nerves were selectively damaged in persistent neurotrophic corneal epithelial defects and offered outstanding potential for various applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 4","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arabic Reading Performance With a Chromatic Acuity Chart.","authors":"Balsam Alabdulkader, Ali Almustanyir, Norah Alsalem, Essam Almutleb, Mosaad Alhassan, Jeffery K Hovis","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study compared the reading performance for Arabic text defined by chromatic and achromatic contrast to understand better how chromatic contrast affects reading of normally sighted individuals and to establish a baseline for determining whether patients have a selective red-green chromatic sensitivity loss.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Reading performance for Arabic text was accessed by examining maximum reading speed (MRS), reading acuity (RA), critical print size (CPS), and the Reading Accessibility Index (ACC) using three near-point charts. The charts were the black-on-white Balsam Alabdulkader-Leat (BAL) chart, a red-on-green chart, and a gray-on-gray chart with a background luminance equal to the chromatic chart.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MRSs were significantly different (P = 0.03), with the red-on-green chart having a slightly higher value than the BAL chart. The ACC was lower for the BAL chart than the red-on-green and gray charts (P = 0.003). However, RA for the BAL chart was better, and the CPS was smaller relative to the red-on-green chart (P < 0.05) and gray chart (P < 0.001). Individuals with red-green color vision deficiencies had poorer RA and larger CPS on the red-on-green chart relative to the achromatic charts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the MRS and ACC of the chromatic chart were significantly higher, the difference was not clinically important. The result that the MRS was similar for all three charts confirmed earlier findings that MRS is similar if text contrast is sufficiently above threshold. The lower RA and corresponding larger CPS for the red-on-green and gray charts were due to their lower background luminance and lower contrast.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 4","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contextual Binocular Imbalance Impairs Local Stereopsis.","authors":"Rong Jiang, Shuai Chang, Xin-Ping Yu, Ming Meng","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.3.6","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.66.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Binocular imbalance is known to inhibit stereopsis. This study investigates whether an imbalanced context around stereo stimuli also affects local stereopsis and explores the underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three experiments were conducted with normally sighted participants. Experiment 1 measured local stereo detection thresholds under three context conditions: binocular balance (0.5 vs. 0.5 contrast), left-eye dominance (0.8 vs. 0.2 contrast), and right-eye dominance (0.2 vs. 0.8 contrast). Experiment 2 assessed the modulation of the imbalance effect by context-target collinearity. Experiment 3 examined the imbalance effect with binocular fusion and rivalry context stimuli.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In experiment 1, the average stereo threshold was 62.4 arcsec in the binocular balance condition, elevated to 111.4 arcsec in the left-eye dominance (P = 0.003), and 114.7 arcsec in the right-eye dominance (P < 0.001), with no significant difference between the two imbalance conditions (P = 0.650). Experiment 2 showed that context-target collinearity modulated the imbalance effect, resulting in a smaller threshold elevation in the non-collinear condition (P = 0.011). Experiment 3 revealed significant main effects of imbalance (P = 0.031) and rivalry (P = 0.004), with no significant interaction (P = 0.966).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Contextual binocular imbalance inhibits local stereopsis, an effect modulated by collinearity and similarly observed in both binocular integrative and suppressive contexts. These findings suggest that lateral connectivity in the primary visual cortex (V1) plays a fundamental role in stereopsis generation, offering novel approaches for clinical interventions aimed at restoring binocular balance and stereopsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 3","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure-Function Correlation of Deep-Learning Quantified Ellipsoid Zone and Retinal Pigment Epithelium Loss and Microperimetry in Geographic Atrophy.","authors":"Klaudia Birner, Gregor S Reiter, Irene Steiner, Azin Zarghami, Amir Sadeghipour, Simon Schürer-Waldheim, Markus Gumpinger, Hrvoje Bogunovic, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.3.26","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.66.3.26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to define structure-function correlation of geographic atrophy (GA) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and functional testing on microperimetry (MP) based on deep-learning (DL)-quantified spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with GA were prospectively examined by SD-OCT (Spectralis, 97 B-scans) and two microperimetry devices (MP3 and MAIA) in two combined test runs each. DL-algorithms measured the ellipsoid-zone thickness (EZT), ellipsoid-zone loss (EZL), hyper-reflective-foci (HRF) volume, drusen-volume (DV), and retinal-pigment-epithelium loss (RPEL) area. Pointwise co-registration was established between all stimuli and the location on OCT. A multivariable mixed-effect model with variable selection was used to identify pointwise retinal sensitivity (PWS) changes for each biomarker, accounting for age and eccentricity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three thousand six hundred stimuli points were collected and correlated with 1940 OCT B-scans in 20 eyes of 20 patients. PWS was significantly lower in stimuli with EZL without RPEL (-2.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -3.72 to -1.91 decibel [dB], 0 degrees, P < 0.0001) and in areas with both EZL and RPEL (-10.03, 95% CI = -10.96 to -9.11 dB, 0 degrees, P < 0.0001) compared to areas without any atrophy. Increased EZT had a significant positive effect on PWS (0.34, 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.36 dB/µm, P < 0.0001). Structure-function correlations were consistent throughout all levels of eccentricity with P < 0.001. Drusen and HRF volume, but not age, were associated with reduced PWS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Functional impairment by MP was associated with defined morphological changes as quantified by DL on OCT. PR degeneration seen as EZL alone impairs the function on MP examinations. The combination of DL-based SD-OCT biomarker assessment and MP appear suited for evaluation of retinal function beyond visual acuity for disease monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 3","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11918028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}