Investigative ophthalmology & visual science最新文献

{"title":"Diabetes-Induced Dysregulation of Peripapillary and Macular Neurovascular Units.","authors":"Mizuho Mitamura, Satoru Kase, Hiroaki Endo, Michiyuki Saito, Satoshi Katsuta, Susumu Ishida","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.9.10","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.66.9.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of diabetic retinopathy (DR) on macular and peripapillary neurovascular units (NVUs) by assessing optical coherence tomography (OCT)/OCT angiography-based macular and peripapillary NVU parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled 182 eyes with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) eyes and 202 healthy control eyes. The eyes of DM patients were divided into DM without DR (DM/noDR; n = 136) and DR stage groups (n = 46). Macular NVU parameters consisted of ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness and macular perfusion density (PD). As for peripapillary NVU parameters, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, together with radial peripapillary capillary perfusion density (RPC-PD) and RPC flux index (RPC-FI), represented by peripapillary structural and functional vascular parameters, were also examined. Macular and peripapillary parameters were compared among three stages, and correlations between macular and peripapillary parameters were examined for each stage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Macular GCIPL thickness and macular PD decreased with stage progression, preserving positive correlations (i.e., preserving macular NVU) with each other in all eyes, but correlation coefficients were the lowest in DM/noDR eyes. Macular GCIPL thickness, as well as macular PD, positively correlated with peripapillary NVU parameters over the entire stages except macular PD and RNFL thickness in DR eyes (i.e., preserving macular and peripapillary NVU), but correlation coefficients were the lowest in DM/noDR eyes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Macular and peripapillary NVU were preserved throughout the stages: control, DM/noDR, and DR groups, but the linkage weakened at the onset of DM, suggesting diabetes-induced dysregulation of macular and peripapillary NVUs in subclinical DR.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 9","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12236626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144553589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polygenic Risk Prediction for Normal-Tension Glaucoma.","authors":"Maryam Marzban, Santiago Diaz Torres, Regina Yu, Weixiong He, David A Mackey, Ayellet V Segrè, Janey Wiggs, Stuart MacGregor, Puya Gharahkhani","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.9.4","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.66.9.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) is a subtype of glaucoma characterized by optic nerve damage in the setting of normal intraocular pressure. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have shown potential to assist with risk prediction in glaucoma, but to date no comprehensive studies have evaluated the predictive ability of PRSs for NTG.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data for NTG from a European cohort to estimate the variant weights and construct PRSs. The PRSs were computed using both the SBayesRC and clumping and thresholding (C+T) methods in 317 European ancestry NTG cases and 634 controls from the National Institutes of Health All of Us dataset. To validate our findings, we used the Genetics of Glaucoma (GOG) dataset for NTG cases (n = 89) and the QSkin Sun and Health Study (QSkin) dataset for controls (n = 267).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We applied the SBayesRC method, which incorporates genome functional annotation, to compare results across both studies. Logistic regression was performed to assess the association between PRSs and NTG. SBayesRC analysis demonstrated that the NTG PRS was significantly associated with NTG, yielding an odds ratio per standard deviation of 1.53 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32-1.77; P = 6.86 × 10⁻9) in the All of Us dataset and 1.83 (95% CI, 1.42-2.38; P = 4.01 × 10⁻6) in the combined GOG and QSkin dataset. The C+T method produced results similar to those for SBayesRC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the limited sample size of current NTG GWASs, our findings suggest that NTG-specific PRSs hold promise for risk prediction. Future large-scale GWASs for NTG may enable the development of clinically relevant PRSs, improving early detection and personalized risk assessment for this challenging phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 9","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choroidal Features of Cynomolgus Macaques in Relation to Age and Axial Length.","authors":"Guitong Ye, Yuan Zhang, Shaofen Huang, Jinan Zhan, Ruiyu Luo, Rui Xie, Yuyao Ling, Ye Deng, Caibin Deng, Wei Liu, Zhiwei Huang, Chusheng Zhang, Junshu Wu, Zhidong Li, Yehong Zhuo","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.9.17","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.66.9.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The choroid plays a crucial role in myopia development, but related non-human primate studies are limited. We aimed to establish a reference standard for choroidal parameters and explore the relationship between refractive development and choroidal structure in cynomolgus macaques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using macular enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography images from cynomolgus macaques aged one to 28 years, we analyzed subfoveal choroidal thickness (ChT), choroidal luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), total choroidal area (TCA), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI). Spherical equivalent, axial length (AL), intraocular pressure, and body weight were also recorded. We used generalized linear models to examine the associations of choroidal parameters with age and AL, and analyzed the interaction effect between these two variables. Restrictive cubic spline and piecewise regression analyses were conducted to identify potential breakpoints and perform stratified analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 295 eyes of 295 macaques were analyzed. Macaques with high myopia exhibited smaller TCA, LA, CVI, and ChT. AL had a pronounced effect on reduced LA, SA, CVI, and ChT in adult stages but showed minimal influence during juvenile stages. Critical breakpoints were identified at 18.50-18.53 mm for LA, SA, and ChT, whereas CVI demonstrated a lower threshold (17.39 mm), suggesting its role as a sensitive early indicator of choroidal adaptation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The cynomolgus macaque is a valuable translational model for human refractive maturation, enabling the study of choroidal compensation and critical developmental transitions. These findings provide insights into choroid-associated mechanisms of myopia progression and complications, offering a foundation for developing targeted therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 9","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12248992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DJ-1 Promotes Diabetic Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing by Attenuating Hyperglycemia-Induced Oxidative Stress Through Inhibiting PTEN.","authors":"Haoyu Li, Hanhan Peng, Benteng Ma, Xinyue Sun, Liwei Zhang, Baihua Chen","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.9.20","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.66.9.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Diabetic keratopathy (DK) is characterized by delayed corneal epithelial wound healing and impaired nerve regeneration, primarily due to mitochondrial oxidative stress. DJ-1 plays a key role in redox regulation. This study explores the effects of DJ-1 downregulation on DK and its mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Type 1 diabetes was induced in male C57BL/6J mice, and DJ-1 was overexpressed. Corneal oxidative stress and activity were assessed using DHE, Ki67, and TUNEL staining. Epithelial repair and nerve regeneration were evaluated by epithelial wound healing and nerve staining. Human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T) and primary human corneal epithelial cells were exposed to high-glucose conditions, while DJ-1 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression were modulated in HCE-T cells. Mitochondrial alterations were assessed by transmission electron microscopy, mitochondrial membrane potential staining, and mitoSOX staining. DJ-1, PTEN, and antioxidant protein levels were measured by immunofluorescence and Western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In diabetic mice and high glucose-treated cells, DJ-1 and antioxidant enzyme levels were significantly reduced, while PTEN expression increased, accompanied by mitochondrial structural and functional impairments. DJ-1 overexpression alleviated oxidative stress and apoptosis, enhanced cell proliferation, and promoted epithelial wound healing and nerve regeneration. In HCE-T cells, DJ-1 downregulated PTEN, upregulated antioxidant proteins, and restored mitochondrial function, reducing reactive oxygen species accumulation and activity loss caused by high glucose. PTEN activation under high glucose diminished DJ-1's protective effects. DJ-1 also directly interacted with PTEN, indicating a regulatory mechanism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DJ-1 deficiency disrupts mitochondrial function, upregulates PTEN, and suppresses antioxidant protein expression, exacerbating corneal oxidative stress. These findings provide insights into molecular mechanisms underlying DK.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 9","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12248957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Associations of Rod- and Cone-Mediated Vision in Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration.","authors":"Christine A Curcio, Robert F Mullins, Edwin M Stone, Lukas Goerdt, Deepayan Kar, Liyan Gao, Gerald McGwin, Cynthia Owsley","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.9.50","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.66.9.50","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare genetic associations of rod- and cone-driven vision with those previously defined for delayed rod-mediated dark adaptation (RMDA), a functional risk indicator for incident age-related macular degeneration (AMD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In adults aged ≥60 years with two normal eyes (per the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 9-step scale) or with AMD in one or both eyes, we measured RMDA at 5° superior retina, photopic vision (acuity, contrast sensitivity, light sensitivity), and mesopic vision (low luminance acuity and deficit). Vision associations of risk-conferring single-nucleotide polymorphisms in CFH and ARMS2 genes were adjusted for age and smoking and stratified for the presence of subretinal drusenoid deposit (SDD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 608 participants, 462 had normal maculas and 146 had AMD. Neither ARMS2 nor CFH was significantly associated with AMD stage. Across all eyes, RMDA worsened significantly in association with ARMS2 (P = 0.0005). Associations were stronger in normal eyes than in AMD (P = 0.0012 vs. 0.0580) and in normal eyes lacking SDD (n = 384, P < 0.0024). Across all eyes, RMDA was significantly associated with CFH (P = 0.0023) but not in normal and AMD eyes separately (P = 0.270 vs. 0.0596). RMDA was significantly associated with the number of risk alleles in normal and AMD eyes (P < 0.0001). Low luminance deficit was associated with gene dose for AMD eyes only (P = 0.477).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Of six vision tests, only RMDA was consistently associated with major risk alleles, including ARMS2 (not CFH) in normal eyes, with or without SDD. RMDA assesses dynamic retinoid resupply from the circulation, perhaps presaging SDD. Results are interpreted considering localization of key proteins in Bruch's membrane.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 9","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12282642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperglycemia-Suppressed Acod1 Expression Contributes to Innate Immune Deficiency in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis.","authors":"Nan Gao, Rao Me, Sukhvinder Singh, Ashok Kumar, Fu-Shin X Yu","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.9.51","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.66.9.51","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are at higher risk for infections, which are often more severe. This study investigated the role of aconitate decarboxylase 1 (Acod1) and its product, itaconate, in innate defense against bacterial keratitis and its impairment in type 1 DM mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Wild-type or normal (NL), streptozotocin-induced DM, and Acod1-/- mice were inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) with or without 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI), a cell-permeable derivative of itaconate. Keratitis severity was determined by photography, clinical scores, Pa burden (cfu), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Gene expression was determined by quantitative PCR. Immune and Acod1-positive cells were determined by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DM mice expressed lower levels of Acod1 in B6 mouse corneas, and Pa infection triggered its upregulation, mostly in infiltrated cells. Acod1 deficiency increased the severity of Pa keratitis and significantly augmented the expression of Il-1β, Il-1ra, and Ccl3, but not Ccl2, at 1 day post-infection (dpi). Acod1-/- increased neutrophil but decreased macrophage infiltration. 4-OI prevented Pa infection in NL corneas (P = 6.7E-05) and alleviated Pa keratitis in DM corneas (P = 0.000204) at 3 dpi. Hyperglycemia augmented Pa infection-induced Il-1β, Il-1ra, and particularly Ccl3, but not Ccl2. In DM corneas, 4-OI greatly dampened the expression of CCL3 but not CCL2, compared to DM corneas without the treatment. The presence of 4-OI significantly reduced the severity of Pa keratitis in Acod1-deficient mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acod1/itaconate is crucial for mediating protective immune responses against Pa infection in both NL and DM corneas. Acod1 activation and/or itaconate-based therapies may offer promising adjunctive treatments for microbial keratitis in patients with diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 9","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12282635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mettl3 Regulates Lens Development by Promoting the Differentiation Processes of Secondary Fiber Cells.","authors":"Leyi Hu, Jingyu Ma, Jingyi Guo, Huilin Liang, Ke Zhang, Xuhua Tan, Zhenzhen Liu, Lixia Luo, Yizhi Liu, Shuyi Chen","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.9.45","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.66.9.45","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Lens development requires tight regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation processes, the disruption of which might lead to congenital cataract formation. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent mRNA internal modification and has been shown to play important roles in regulating the development, physiology, and pathology of various organs and tissues. However, the function of m6A during lens development remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the function of Mettl3, the core catalytic component of the m6A-writer complex, during lens development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lens-specific Mettl3 conditional knockout (Mettl3-CKO) mice were used as a model to investigate the function of Mettl3 during lens development. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to examine lens histology. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was used to examine the expression of genes in the lenses. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to characterize the transcriptome of the lenses. Modified m6A sequencing was used to characterize the m6A epitranscriptome of the lenses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mettl3-CKO mice developed cataracts; histologic and IF examination revealed that Mettl3-CKO lenses presented defects in several secondary fiber differentiation processes, including delayed cell cycle exit, mislocalization, and failed cell body elongation. RNA-seq revealed that the expression of genes regulating actin-cytoskeleton dynamics and cell cycle progression was altered in Mettl3-CKO lenses. m6A-seq characterized the lens m6A epitranscriptome and suggested its potential role in regulating fiber cell differentiation processes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mettl3 regulates lens development by promoting the cell cycle exit and cell morphological changes during secondary lens fiber differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 9","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12273886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative Role of ON/OFF Pathways in Resolving and Adapting to Blur in Myopes and Emmetropes.","authors":"Hosein Hoseini-Yazdi, Andrew Carkeet, Rida Ahmed, Faaizah Ali, Julia Anderson, Zhi Yu Chan, Jade Chng, Nitansha Nand, Anh Pham, Hannah Soen, Leeanne Su, Mandy Truong, Scott A Read","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.9.29","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.66.9.29","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the contribution of ON/OFF pathways to resolution in the presence of blur and adaptation of the human eye to blur.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-three healthy young adults (24 ± 4 years) participated, including 11 myopes and 12 emmetropes exhibiting mean spherical equivalent refractive errors of -1.5 ± 0.7 diopters (D) and -0.02 ± 0.2 D, respectively. Visual acuity (VA) was examined over 30 minutes of exposure to +1.00 D myopic blur while overstimulating the ON pathway by viewing a chart displaying brighter letters than background, or the OFF pathway by viewing a luminance- and contrast-matched chart displaying darker letters than background. Linear mixed models examined the blur-induced VA loss and the subsequent relative changes in logMAR VA over time (i.e., blur adaptation), associated with ON/OFF pathways and refractive group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The blur-induced VA loss was significantly less when overstimulating the ON pathway (0.33 ± 0.03 logMAR) compared to the OFF pathway (0.43 ± 0.03 logMAR; P < 0.001), with no significant difference between refractive groups (P = 0.79). Significant blur adaptation was also observed (P < 0.001), which was greater during ON-pathway overstimulation (-14% ± 2%) compared to OFF-pathway overstimulation (-9% ± 2%). Blur adaptation was significantly greater in emmetropes (-18% ± 3%) than myopes (-4% ± 3%; P = 0.004), particularly during ON-pathway overstimulation (interaction effect P = 0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Short-term overstimulation of the ON pathway was associated with a smaller blur-induced worsening in VA than overstimulation of the OFF pathway but yielded a greater blur adaptation response, which was more pronounced in emmetropes. Future studies are necessary to examine whether deficient blur adaptation in the ON pathway could serve as a psychophysical biomarker of myopic eye growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 9","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12266290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Study of Changes in Retinal Curvature and its Relationship With Myopia Shift in Chinese Children.","authors":"Yue Wu, Xin Liu, Wenzhe Qian, Yinghai Yu, Siyuan Wu, Bingbing Ni, Bilian Ke","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.9.37","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.66.9.37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate longitudinal changes in retinal curvature (RC) among Chinese children and its relationship with myopia progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This 12-month longitudinal study included children aged 6 to 16 years, divided into groups based on changes in spherical equivalent refraction (SER) over 1 year: the myopic shift group and the non-myopic shift group. Comprehensive examinations including swept-source optical coherence tomography were performed in each visit. RC was assessed using a customized 3D reconstruction algorithm. The central, temporal, nasal, superior, and inferior quadrates were further divided into nine regions and calculated the average curvature for each. The retinal surface asymmetry index (R-SAI) was calculated to describe regional differences in RC. Statistical analyses were performed to explore correlations between RC changes and myopia progression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant increases in central RC were observed in the myopic shift group, particularly in the 0 to 6 mm-diameter central retinal region. Regional analysis showed that significant changes in curvature were observed in the myopic shift group particularly in the 0 to 3 mm central circle (C0), temporal quadrate of 3 to 6 mm (T1), and 6 to 9 mm ring (T2) and inferior quadrate of 3 to 6 mm ring (I1), with the most predominant increase in the T1 region. Negative correlation was found between baseline nasal-temporal R-SAI and myopic shift after controlling confounders. Age, axial length (AL) elongation, and smaller baseline curvature were associated with larger RC changes in the central macular region.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RC changes are closely linked to myopia shift. Longitudinal monitoring of RC can serve as a quantitative measure for assessing morphological changes associated with myopia shift in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 9","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12270024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Course and Risk Factors of Glaucoma Development in the Untreated Fellow Eye in Unilateral Normal-Tension Glaucoma.","authors":"Eun Jung Lee, Do Young Park, Changwon Kee, Jong Chul Han","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.9.16","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.66.9.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To test whether the level of intraocular pressure (IOP) significantly affects the development of glaucoma in the untreated fellow eye of patients with unilateral normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Long-term observational study on consecutive patients newly diagnosed with unilateral NTG and followed up for >5 years with more than five IOP measurements. We investigated the factors associated with NTG development in the untreated fellow eye, including the longitudinal IOP profile.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 194 patients with a baseline age of 50.5 ± 12.1 years were followed up for 8.4 ± 1.6 years. NTG development in the untreated fellow eye occurred in 48 patients (24.7%), with a mean interval of 5.2 ± 2.1 years. Patients with fellow eye NTG development had significantly higher baseline untreated IOP in both eyes and higher follow-up IOPs in the fellow eye compared to those who did not (all P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that an average follow-up IOP ≥14 mm Hg in the fellow eye was associated with a significantly increased risk of glaucoma development compared to those with IOP <14 mm Hg (hazard ratio, 3.626; 95% confidence interval, 1.519-8.654; P = 0.004), particularly for the eyes with baseline IOP ≥14 mm Hg.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this 8-year cohort, we observed NTG development in the untreated fellow eyes in 24.7% of the patients with unilateral NTG. The untreated average follow-up IOP was significantly associated with NTG development, with an average IOP ≥14 mm Hg exhibiting a threefold increased risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 9","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12240201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}