Investigative ophthalmology & visual science最新文献

{"title":"Changes in Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells, Dopaminergic Amacrine Cells, and Their Connectivity in the Retinas of Lid Suture Myopia.","authors":"Ying Ling, Yao Wang, Jingjing Ye, Changlin Luan, Ailing Bi, Yu Gu, Xuefeng Shi","doi":"10.1167/iovs.65.11.8","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.65.11.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigates alterations in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) and dopaminergic amacrine cells (DACs) in lid suture myopia (LSM) rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>LSM was induced in rats by suturing the right eyes for 4 weeks. Double immunofluorescence staining of ipRGCs and DACs in whole-mount retinas was performed to analyze changes in the density and morphology of control, LSM, and fellow eyes. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to detect related genes and protein expression levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant myopia was induced in the lid-sutured eye, but the fellow eye was not different to control. Decreased ipRGC density with paradoxically increased overall melanopsin expression and enlarged dendritic beads was observed in both the LSM and fellow eyes of the LSM rat retinas. In contrast, DAC changes occurred only in the LSM eyes, with reduced DAC density and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression, sparser dendritic processes, and fewer varicosities. Interestingly, contacts between ipRGCs and DACs in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and the expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vesicular monoamine transporter protein 2 (VMAT2) mRNA were decreased in the LSM eyes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ipRGCs and DACs in LSM rat retinas undergo multiple alterations in density, morphology, and related molecule expressions. However, the ipRGC changes alone appear not to be required for the development of myopia, given that myopia is only induced in the lid-sutured eye, and they are unlikely alone to drive the DAC changes. Reduced contacts between ipRGCs and DACs in the LSM eyes may be the structural foundation for the impaired signaling between them. PACAP and VMAT2, strongly associated with ipRGCs and DACs, may play important roles in LSM through complex mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11379095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Perfusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Uveal Melanoma.","authors":"Lisa Klaassen, Myriam G Jaarsma-Coes, Marina Marinkovic, Gregorius P M Luyten, Coen R N Rasch, Teresa A Ferreira, Jan-Willem M Beenakker","doi":"10.1167/iovs.65.11.17","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.65.11.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI; magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) has been shown to provide valuable biological tumor information in uveal melanoma (UM). Clinically used semiquantitative methods do not account for tumor pigmentation and eye movement. We hypothesize that a quantitative PWI method that incorporates these, provides a more accurate description of tumor perfusion than the current clinical method. The aim of this study was to test this in patients with UM before and after radiotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Perfusion-weighted 3T MRIs were retrospectively analyzed in 47 patients with UM before and after radiotherapy. Tofts pharmacokinetic modeling was performed to determine vascular permeability (Ktrans), extracellular extravascular space (ve), and reflux rate (kep). These were compared with semiquantitative clinical parameters including peak intensity and outflow percentage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The effect of tumor pigmentation on peak intensity and outflow percentage was statistically significant (P < 0.01) and relative peak intensity was significantly different between melanotic and amelanotic tumors (1.5 vs. 1.9, P < 0.01). Before radiotherapy, median tumor Ktrans was 0.63 min-1 (range = 0.06-1.42 min-1), median ve was 0.23 (range = 0.09-0.63), and median kep was 2.3 min-1 (range = 0.6-5.0 min-1). After radiotherapy, 85% showed a decrease in Ktrans and kep (P < 0.01). Changes in tumor pigmentation before and after radiotherapy were small and not significant (median increase in T1 of 33 ms, P = 0.55).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Quantitative PWI parameters decreased significantly after radiotherapy and can therefore can serve as an early biomarker for treatment response assessment. However, due to the nonsignificant changes in tumor pigmentation before and after radiotherapy, the current semiquantitative method appears to be sufficiently sensitive for detection of changes in tumor perfusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11385876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Cell Clusters and Upregulated Aqp1 in Connexin 50 Knockout Lens Epithelium.","authors":"Chun-Hong Xia,William Lin,Rachel Li,Xinfang Xing,Guangdu Jack Shang,Haiwei Zhang,Xiaohua Gong","doi":"10.1167/iovs.65.11.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.65.11.27","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeTo characterize the heterogeneity and cell clusters of postnatal lens epithelial cells (LECs) and to investigate the downstream targets of connexin 50 (Cx50) in the regulation of lens homeostasis and lens growth. To determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the connexin 50 knockout (Cx50KO) lens epithelial cells that shed light on novel mechanism underlying the cataract and small size of the Cx50KO lenses.MethodsSingle-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of lens epithelial cells isolated from one-month-old Cx50KO and wild-type (WT) mice were performed. Differentially expressed genes were identified, and selected DEGs were further studied by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis and Western blot analysis.ResultsThe expression profiles of several thousand genes were identified by scRNA-seq data analysis. In comparison to the WT control, many DEGs were identified in the Cx50KO lens epithelial cells, including growth regulating transcriptional factors and genes encoding water channels. Significantly upregulated aquaporin 1 (Aqp1) gene expression was confirmed by RT-qPCR, and upregulated AQP1 protein expression was confirmed by Western blot analysis and immunostaining both in vivo and in vitro.ConclusionsLens epithelial cells exhibit an intrinsic heterogeneity of different cell clusters in regulating lens homeostasis and lens growth. Upregulated Aqp1 in Cx50KO lens epithelial cells suggests that both connexin 50 and AQP1 likely play important roles in regulating water homeostasis in lens epithelial cells.","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Parameters and Their Associated Factors in Cynomolgus Macaques.","authors":"Yuan Zhang, Guitong Ye, Kezhe Chen, Shaofen Huang, Rui Xie, Jianqi Chen, Wei Liu, Zhiwei Wang, Ruiyu Luo, Jinan Zhan, Yehong Zhuo, Yiqing Li, Yingting Zhu","doi":"10.1167/iovs.65.11.14","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.65.11.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to define the normal range of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), macular ganglion cell layer (mGCL), and macular inner plexiform layer (mIPL) thickness in cynomolgus macaques, and explore their inter-relationship and correlation with age, refractive errors, and axial length (AL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, we measured biometric and refractive parameters, and pRNFL/mGCL/mIPL thickness in 357 healthy cynomolgus macaques. Monkeys were divided into groups by age and spherical equivalent (SE). Correlation and regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between pRNFL and mGCL/mIPL thickness, and their correlation with the above parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age, SE, and AL were 14.46 ± 6.70 years, -0.96 ± 3.23 diopters (D), and 18.39 ± 1.02 mm, respectively. The mean global pRNFL thickness was 95.06 ± 9.42 µm (range = 54-116 µm), with highest values in the inferior quadrant, followed by the superior, temporal, and nasal quadrants (P < 0.001). Temporal pRNFL thickness correlated positively with age (r = 0.218, P < 0.001) and AL (r = 0.364, P < 0.001), and negatively with SE (r = -0.270, P < 0.001). In other quadrants, pRNFL thickness correlated negatively with age and AL, but positively with SE. In the multivariable linear regression model, adjusted for sex and AL, age (β = -0.350, P < 0.001), and SE (β = 0.206, P < 0.001) showed significant associations with global pRNFL thickness. After adjusting for age, sex, SE, and AL, pRNFL thickness positively correlated with mGCL (β = 0.433, P < 0.001) and mIPL thickness (β = 0.465, P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The pRNFL/mGCL/mIPL thickness distribution and relationship with age, AL, and SE in cynomolgus macaques were highly comparable to those in humans, suggesting that cynomolgus monkeys are valuable animal models in ophthalmic research.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11385879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective Cytokine Profiling in Aqueous Humor Reveals a Proinflammatory Microenvironment in Highly Dense Nuclear Cataracts.","authors":"Catharina Latz,Annika Licht,Alireza Mirshahi,Eicke Latz,Kai Zimmer","doi":"10.1167/iovs.65.11.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.65.11.25","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeTo investigate if the cytokine profile in the aqueous humor (AH) of cataract patients varies according to cataract type and severity.MethodsThis prospective study included 397 eyes of 397 patients (median age, 76 years; range, 30-94 years) who underwent standard small-incision phacoemulsification surgery. Cataracts were graded using the LOCS III system: mild (≤3), moderate (3.5-5), and severe (≥5). Biometric measurements from the IOL master 700 (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) were used to differentiate between thick (>4.5 mm) and thin lenses. Information about age, gender, and self-reported diseases was obtained from patient records. Eleven different proteins were measured in AH using a multiplex cytokine assay (AYOXXA Biosystems, Cologne, Germany), including IL- 6, IL-8, angiopoietin 2, C-reactive protein (CRP), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), platelet-derived growth factor BB, placental growth factor, CXCL12, CXCL13, and CXCL10. Statistical analysis was performed using R and included nonparametrical testing, linear regression, and k-means clustering.ResultsHigher nuclear LOCS grades correlated with increased levels of CCL2 (360 vs. 387 vs. 517 pg/mL, P < 0.001), VEGF-A (270 vs. 292 vs. 390 pg/mL, P = 0.012), IL-8 (3.1 vs. 4.2 vs. 5.7 pg/mL, P = 0.018), and CXCL10 (52 vs. 61 vs. 90 pg/mL, P = 0.003). No associations were observed for cortical and subcapsular cataracts. Thicker lenses were associated with significantly increased levels of CRP, CXCL10, CXCL12, IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF-A.ConclusionsThe cytokine profile of AH varies based on cataract grading and lens thickness. In highly dense nuclear cataracts, CCL2, VEGF-A, IL-8, and CXCL10 were elevated.","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plexus-Specific Retinal Capillary Blood Flow Analysis Using Erythrocyte Mediated Angiography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.","authors":"Victoria Y Chen, Jessica A Pottenburgh, Shih-En Chen, Sarah Kim, Lakyn Mayo, Aashka Damani, Marvin Cruz, Ashley Park, Lily Im, Laurence Magder, Osamah J Saeedi","doi":"10.1167/iovs.65.11.33","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.65.11.33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to identify and measure plexus-specific absolute retinal capillary blood flow velocity and acceleration in vivo in both nonhuman primates (NHPs) and humans using erythrocyte mediated angiography (EMA) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>EMA and OCTA scans centered on the fovea were obtained in 2 NHPs and 11 human subjects. Scans were also obtained in NHP eyes while IOP was experimentally elevated. Erythrocyte velocity and acceleration in retinal arteries, capillaries, and veins were measured and capillaries were categorized based on location within the superficial vascular (SVP), intermediate capillary (ICP), or deep capillary plexus (DCP). Generalized linear mixed models were used to estimate the effects of intraocular pressure (IOP) on capillary blood flow.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Capillary erythrocyte velocity at baseline IOP was 0.64 ± 0.29 mm/s in NHPs (range of 0.14 to 1.85 mm/s) and 1.55 ± 0.65 mm/s in humans (range of 0.46 to 4.50 mm/s). Mean erythrocyte velocity in the SVP, ICP, and DCP in NHPs was 0.69 ± 0.29 mm/s, 0.53 ± 0.22 mm/s, and 0.63 ± 0.27 mm/s, respectively (P = 0.14 for NHP-1 and P = 0.28 for NHP-2). Mean erythrocyte velocity in the human subjects did not differ significantly among SVP, ICP, and DCP (1.46 ± 0.59 mm/s, 1.58 ± 0.55 mm/s, and 1.59 ± 0.79 mm/s, P = 0.36). In NHPs, every 1 mm Hg increase in IOP was associated with a 0.13 mm/s reduction in arterial velocity, 0.10 mm/s reduction in venous velocity, and 0.01 mm/s reduction in capillary velocity (P < 0.001) when accounting for differences in mean arterial pressure (MAP).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Blood flow by direct visualization of individual erythrocytes can be quantified within capillary plexuses. Capillary velocity decreased with experimental IOP elevation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11421673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual Performance of People With Albinism Assessed With Generalizable and Adaptive AIM and FInD Methods.","authors":"Jan Skerswetat, Nicole Christie Ross, Cecilia Idman-Rait, Katie Sun, Olivia Wynn, Peter John Bex","doi":"10.1167/iovs.65.11.34","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.65.11.34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>People with albinism (PwA) are known to have visual impairments; however, little is known about whether these functions are disrupted across earlier and later stages of the visual pathway. We investigated distinct perceptual functions and fixation stability within each observer and compared the data with age- (±5 years) and sex-matched controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-one self-reported PwA and twenty-one controls were recruited. Angular-indication measurement (AIM) and foraging-interactive-D-prime (FInD) psychophysical methods were deployed to measure OS, OD, and OU near visual acuity, spatial contrast sensitivity function (CSF), temporal contrast sensitivity (tCS; 0.5 c/°; horizontal grating: 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 Hz), OU glare acuity, threshold-versus-contrast (2c/° vertical grating), long, medium, and short wavelength cone-isolated color detection, color discrimination, stereoacuity across spatial frequencies (1c/°, 2c/°, 4c/°, 8c/°), horizontal, circular, radial pattern and motion coherence, and equivalent-noise motion detection. Thresholds were determined by AIM and FInD and compared using N-ANOVAs, t-tests, planned multi-comparisons, correlations, and unsupervised, agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis for each group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found significant differences between groups for most visual functions except for simple and complex form-coherence (two way-ANOVAs, P > 0.05) and complex motion coherence. Correlations between outcomes revealed more significant correlations for PwA and differences in the specific correlates between groups. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering revealed different functional clusters between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AIM and FInD successfully interrogated visual deficits in PwA. Overall, PwA showed impaired performance in achromatic, chromatic, temporal, and binocular functions, and had higher intrinsic noise levels. Midlevel vision was comparable between groups. Unsupervised cluster analysis and correlation between outcomes revealed a difference in functional outcome clusters between groups. The results may help to increase the efficiency of screening and identify target deficits for rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11423948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Fluoroquinolone Resistance and Mutations in the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Region in Corynebacterium macginleyi.","authors":"Nobuhiro Kato, Masatoshi Haruta, Rikki Arai, Kazunori Sato, Kei Furushima, Kanako Yokomizo, Miki Okuno, Takeshi Yamamoto, Yoshitoshi Ogura, Shigeo Yoshida","doi":"10.1167/iovs.65.11.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.65.11.38","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the bacterial composition in the conjunctiva and to determine the relationship between fluoroquinolone resistance and mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) in Corynebacterium macginleyi (C. macginleyi).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bacteria isolated from conjunctival swabs of patients awaiting ophthalmic surgery or patients with presumed keratoconjunctivitis were included in this study. For C. macginleyi isolates from 49 samples, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of second- to fourth-generation fluoroquinolones were determined by broth microdilution. Additionally, we determined the sequence of the QRDR in the gyrA gene of C. macginleyi-positive isolates by direct sequencing and investigated the relationship between the QRDR mutation and the MICs of fluoroquinolones for C. macginleyi.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 423 eyes of 296 preoperative patients who underwent conjunctival culture testing, 105 eyes of 89 patients were culture-positive, and among 148 eyes of 147 patients with keratoconjunctivitis, 55 eyes of 54 patients were culture-positive. C. macginleyi accounted for the largest proportion of cultured organisms (34.8%). C. macginleyi-positive isolates were found in 45 eyes of 37 preoperative patients and in 4 eyes of 4 patients with keratoconjunctivitis. Direct sequencing revealed that 91.8% of C. macginleyi-positive isolates had amino acid mutations in the QRDR and 95.5% of mutations were found at Ser-87 and Asp-91. Isolates harboring double mutations at Ser-87 and Asp-91 were resistant to second- to fourth-generation fluoroquinolones. One isolate with double mutations at Ser-87 and Ala-88 but no mutation in Asp-91 showed intermediate susceptibility to moxifloxacin, a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>C. macginleyi isolated from conjunctiva harboring QRDR amino acid mutations were resistant to second- to fourth-generation fluoroquinolones.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11437686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142346860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eccentricity Dependency of Retinal Electrophysiological Deficits in People With Episodic Migraine.","authors":"Bao N Nguyen, Adela S Y Park, Allison M McKendrick","doi":"10.1167/iovs.65.11.44","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.65.11.44","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>During the non-attack period, people with migraine may show retinal dysfunction. This study builds on previous work by exploring the possibility of foveal and non-foveal visual field and electroretinographic deficits and determining the overlap in eccentricity of such localized visual deficits in people with migraine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Visual fields and multifocal electroretinography (mf-ERG) were tested in 27 people with migraine (aged 19-45 years) and 18 non-headache controls (aged 20-46 years). Data were averaged according to 5 concentric rings at < 1.5 degrees (foveal) and 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15.5 degrees, and 22 degrees eccentricities (non-foveal). Linear mixed effects modelling was used to predict mf-ERG amplitude, mf-ERG peak time, and visual field sensitivity with fixed effects of eye, group, and eccentricity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Foveal mf-ERG responses, and visual field sensitivity across all eccentricities (foveal and non-foveal) were similar between the migraine and control groups (P > 0.05). In contrast, the non-foveal mf-ERG was reduced in amplitude in people with migraine relative to controls (P < 0.001), and this group difference depended on eccentricity (P < 0.001) - most prominently, in the parafoveal region (ring 2, P = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Retinal electrophysiological deficits were observed in people with migraine in the parafoveal region (between 1.5 degrees and 5 degrees eccentricity), without corresponding visual field deficits. This suggests a spatially localized area of retinal neuronal dysfunction in people with migraine that is insufficient to manifest as a visual field sensitivity loss using standard perimetric methods. Our study highlights the added confound of migraine when conducting standard clinical retinal electrophysiological tests for conditions such as glaucoma, particularly non-foveally.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11441450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142346856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Impact of Notch1 Intracellular Domain, P63, and c-MYC in Lacrimal Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma.","authors":"Jiawei Zhao, Michelle D Williams, Mike Hernandez, Grace Kuang, Hila Goldberg, Janet Fan, Jing Ning, Renata Ferrarotto, Bita Esmaeli","doi":"10.1167/iovs.65.11.4","DOIUrl":"10.1167/iovs.65.11.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We assessed whether NICD1 expression, c-MYC expression, and P63 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) correlate with prognosis and high-risk clinicopathological features in lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Records of patients with lacrimal gland ACC who underwent surgery between 1998 to 2018 were reviewed. Clinicopathologic and treatment data were collected. Tumor tissues were subjected to light microscopy and IHC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 43 patients treated during the study period, 21 had archived tumor tissue available and were included. The median age at diagnosis was 47 years, and 13 patients (62%) were male. Thirteen patients (62%) had T2 disease, and none had nodal or distant metastasis at diagnosis. Tumors were positive for NICD1 expression in eight cases (38%), c-MYC expression in eight (38%), and P63 expression in 11 (52%). Positive NICD1 expression was associated with predominantly solid (vs. cribriform/tubular) pattern (P < 0.001), treatment with orbital exenteration (vs. eye-sparing surgery) (P = 0.008), local recurrence (P = 0.047), and death (P = 0.012). Negative P63 expression was associated with predominantly solid pattern (P = 0.001), local recurrence (P = 0.012), distant metastasis (P = 0.001), and death (P = 0.035). A higher percentage of tumor cells staining for c-MYC was associated with presence of perineural invasion (P = 0.036). Positive NICD1 expression was associated with worse disease-free survival (hazard ratio, 6.27; 95% CI, 1.29-30.46), whereas positive P63 expression was associated with better disease-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.0002-0.26).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IHC for NICD1 and P63 should be considered in lacrimal gland ACC because of their prognostic value and potential as treatment targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11379087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}