International Journal of Trichology最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Halting the Progression of Cicatricial Alopecia with Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin. 用注射富血小板纤维蛋白阻止角化性脱发的发展
International Journal of Trichology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_116_21
Siddhi Bhalchandra Chikhalkar, Surender Singh, Avani Jatin Kumar Shah, Bhushan Madke, Yallappa Ramchandrappa Kabbannavar
{"title":"Halting the Progression of Cicatricial Alopecia with Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin.","authors":"Siddhi Bhalchandra Chikhalkar, Surender Singh, Avani Jatin Kumar Shah, Bhushan Madke, Yallappa Ramchandrappa Kabbannavar","doi":"10.4103/ijt.ijt_116_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijt.ijt_116_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a chronic variant of cutaneous lupus erythematosus characterized by well-defined erythematous plaques with adherent scales and follicular plugging. The affected scalp shows erythema, edema, atrophy, alopecia, and telangiectasia. Trichoscopy of DLE shows branching capillaries, white patches, keratin plugs, reduced follicular ostia, and white dots and blue-gray dots arranged in speckles pattern. Prompt diagnosis and aggressive, early multimodal therapy helps in preventing disfiguring hair loss and psychosocial sequelae. Hereby, we present a case of reversal of hair loss in DLE with newer modalities of treatment such as injectable platelet-rich fibrin.</p>","PeriodicalId":14417,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trichology","volume":"15 4","pages":"163-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11098144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141065375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Photodistributed Lichenoid Eruption with Alopecia: A Unique Presentation of Graham-Little-Piccardi-Lasseur Syndrome. 伴有脱发的光分布性苔藓样变:格雷厄姆-利特尔-皮卡迪-拉瑟尔综合征的独特表现
International Journal of Trichology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_47_22
Austin Ambur, Aashni Bhukhan, Charles Dunn, Rajiv Nathoo
{"title":"Photodistributed Lichenoid Eruption with Alopecia: A Unique Presentation of Graham-Little-Piccardi-Lasseur Syndrome.","authors":"Austin Ambur, Aashni Bhukhan, Charles Dunn, Rajiv Nathoo","doi":"10.4103/ijt.ijt_47_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijt.ijt_47_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Graham-Little-Piccardi-Lasseur syndrome (GLPLS) is characterized by diffuse alopecia and a lichenoid follicular eruption affecting the scalp, eyebrows, and intertriginous regions. It is considered a variant of lichen planopilaris. The condition often begins as hyperkeratotic papules on the trunk and extremities followed by the development of alopecia. Several subtypes of lichen planus have been associated with a photodistriubuted eruption including lichenoid drug reactions, actinic lichen planus, and lichen planus pigmentosus; however, there are no reported cases associated with GLPLS. We herein report the first case of GLPLS displaying a photodistributed lichenoid eruption to expand upon the differential diagnosis of photoaggravated conditions. We also use this case to review the pathophysiology and therapeutic modalities to manage GLPLS.</p>","PeriodicalId":14417,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trichology","volume":"15 4","pages":"154-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11098140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Meta-analysis on the Efficacy of Platelet-rich Plasma in Patients with Androgenetic Alopecia. 富血小板血浆对雄激素性脱发患者疗效的 Meta 分析。
International Journal of Trichology Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_90_22
Olga Olisova, Mariia Potapova, Aleksandr Suvorov, Danila Koriakin, Anfisa Lepekhova
{"title":"Meta-analysis on the Efficacy of Platelet-rich Plasma in Patients with Androgenetic Alopecia.","authors":"Olga Olisova, Mariia Potapova, Aleksandr Suvorov, Danila Koriakin, Anfisa Lepekhova","doi":"10.4103/ijt.ijt_90_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijt.ijt_90_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous platelet concentrate in plasma enriched with growth factors that may stimulate tissue regeneration, collagen formation, re-epithelization, and angiogenesis. PRP is widely used as an androgenetic alopecia treatment option. The present work aims to test the efficacy of various PRP methods, including those with single-spin and double-spin centrifugation. We performed a review of articles published from 2011 to 2021 in PubMed and ScienceDirect. The studies vary in the preparation procedure, dose, number, intervals between the procedures, and the injection technique because of low standardization of PRP preparation, complicating the evaluation of the clinical efficacy of the method. Based on the conducted statistical analysis, we came to the conclusion that the double-spin PRP preparation method was superior to the single-spin technique, which may be taken into account for AGA management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14417,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trichology","volume":"15 4","pages":"117-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11098138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nivolumab-Induced Lichen Planopilaris: Case Report and Literature Review of Hair Disorders Associated with Targeted Oncological Therapies. Nivolumab诱发的扁平苔藓:肿瘤靶向治疗相关毛发疾病的病例报告和文献综述。
International Journal of Trichology Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_95_21
Leila Asfour, David Rutkowski, Iskander H Chaudhry, Matthew J Harries
{"title":"Nivolumab-Induced Lichen Planopilaris: Case Report and Literature Review of Hair Disorders Associated with Targeted Oncological Therapies.","authors":"Leila Asfour, David Rutkowski, Iskander H Chaudhry, Matthew J Harries","doi":"10.4103/ijt.ijt_95_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijt.ijt_95_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapies. Their mechanism promotes a cytotoxic T-cell activation against the tumor cells, but as a consequence, immune-mediated toxicities are increasingly being identified. Cutaneous immune-mediated adverse events (AE) occur in 32% of patients, with possible higher grade AEs seen with anti-programmed cell death protein 1, such as nivolumab. A 67-year-old woman with metastatic melanoma, previously treated for 2 years on dual ICI (ipilimumab and nivolumab), had her treatment interrupted due to grade-3 hepatitis. She was subsequently recommenced on single-agent nivolumab with good response, before discontinuation due to remission. She reported worsening scalp pruritus with associated erythema, scaling, and global hair thinning. On examination, she had significant erythema throughout the scalp with perifollicular scaling and evidence of scarring. She reported severe distress from her symptoms. Her scalp biopsy demonstrated features of scarring alopecia with infundibular and isthmic inflammation and interface change in keeping with lichen planopilaris. Follicular toxicities are rarely reported, possibly due to imprecise AE phenotyping or underreporting. However, growing evidence suggests that patients can develop follicular pigmentary changes and nonscarring alopecia. To our knowledge, this is the first case of scarring alopecia reported with nivolumab. Current treatments for ICI-induced toxicities are limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":14417,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trichology","volume":"15 3","pages":"105-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10763733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139097768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Comment on Mercantilism in the Trichological Sciences. 对毛细管科学中的重商主义的评论。
International Journal of Trichology Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_29_21
Ralph Michel Trüeb
{"title":"A Comment on Mercantilism in the Trichological Sciences.","authors":"Ralph Michel Trüeb","doi":"10.4103/ijt.ijt_29_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijt.ijt_29_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A quasi-scientific interest in hair loss and hair care originated in a London barbershop, and became known as trichology, with the Institute of Trichologists being founded. Other corporations successively followed, offering paid courses by home-study for training of initiates who desire more knowledge about hair. Trichologists are not medically qualified but are taught the practice of care and treatment of the hair and scalp in health and disease within their restricted but specialized role. With the advent of opportunities in the social media, and of epiluminiscence microscopy, a procedure practiced by the guild of trichologists long before its nominal introduction as trichoscopy into dermatologic practice, representatives of the medical profession are following the example of the trichologists in offering online courses, though with a better understanding of clinical-pathological correlations based on their academic learning. Despite the enthusiasm emerging with its establishment as a dermatologic tool in the diagnosis of hair and scalp disorders, caution is warranted not to elevate trichoscopy to something like a fetish status. As a diagnostic procedure, trichoscopy is to be understood as representing an integral part of a comprehensive dermatological examination. The Hippocratic Oath is one of the oldest binding documents in history, allegedly still held sacred by physicians: to treat the ill to the best of one's ability, to preserve a patient's privacy, and to teach the secrets of medicine to the next generation without fee. And yet, as in no other field of medicine, paid online courses on trichoscopy are flourishing and with a primary commercial aim. However, dermato-trichology, or trichiatry require the same due diligence as any other medical discipline, with respect to its practice and its ethics. Medical artistry is neither reducible to a single hand-held diagnostic technique nor is it negotiable.</p>","PeriodicalId":14417,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trichology","volume":"15 3","pages":"85-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10763729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139097763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comment on Topical Dapsone for Folliculitis Decalvans. 关于外用多潘松治疗德卡尔瓦毛囊炎的评论
International Journal of Trichology Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_39_22
Ralph Michel Trüeb, Ngoc-Nhi Catharina Luu, Hudson Dutra Rezende
{"title":"Comment on Topical Dapsone for Folliculitis Decalvans.","authors":"Ralph Michel Trüeb, Ngoc-Nhi Catharina Luu, Hudson Dutra Rezende","doi":"10.4103/ijt.ijt_39_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijt.ijt_39_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Folliculitis decalvans (FD) represents a chronic and recurrent pustulofollicular scalp inflammation resulting in scarring alopecia. The presence of a bacterial bioflilm at the interface of the hair shaft may provide an explanation for the chronicity and high relapse rate of FD, even after prolonged systemic antibiotic treatments. We originally read with enthusiasm Melián-Olivera <i>et al</i>.'s retrospective study of patients with FD treated with topical dapsone published in the <i>Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology</i>. However, we experienced an unsuccessful trial of 5% dapsone gel in a patient with FD resulting in worsening of the disease with a pustular flareup and questioned why positive study reports with novel therapeutic options in dermatology often fail in practice. The authors admitted the limitations of their study: small sample size, retrospective, uncontrolled nature of the study, and concomitant use of other treatments. Clinical research ultimately aims at improving the patient outcome. For this purpose, trials must evaluate the outcomes that genuinely reflect the clinical utility of drugs. Therefore, we postulate stricter criteria for treatment trials and statistics in dermatology before publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals to avoid frustrations of physicians and patients alike.</p>","PeriodicalId":14417,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trichology","volume":"15 3","pages":"88-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10763727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139097765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tofacitinib: A Promising Treatment for Adolescent Alopecia Areata. 托法替尼托法替尼:治疗青少年斑秃的有效方法。
International Journal of Trichology Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_90_23
Nitika Wagh
{"title":"Tofacitinib: A Promising Treatment for Adolescent Alopecia Areata.","authors":"Nitika Wagh","doi":"10.4103/ijt.ijt_90_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijt.ijt_90_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14417,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trichology","volume":"15 3","pages":"113-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10763726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139097771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Promising Efficacy of Tofacitinib in an Adult Patient with Alopecia Areata. 托法替尼对成人脱发患者的疗效令人鼓舞
International Journal of Trichology Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_91_23
Amit Bharat Shah
{"title":"A Promising Efficacy of Tofacitinib in an Adult Patient with Alopecia Areata.","authors":"Amit Bharat Shah","doi":"10.4103/ijt.ijt_91_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijt.ijt_91_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14417,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trichology","volume":"15 3","pages":"115-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10763732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139097764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Efficacy, Tolerability, and Superiority of Propylene Glycol-Free, North American Witch-Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana)-Based Solution of 5% Minoxidil Sulfate for the Treatment of Female Androgenetic Alopecia. 不含丙二醇、基于北美金缕梅(Hamelis virginiana)的 5%硫酸米诺地尔溶液治疗女性雄激素性脱发症的疗效、耐受性和优越性。
International Journal of Trichology Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_55_22
Ralph Michel Trüeb
{"title":"Efficacy, Tolerability, and Superiority of Propylene Glycol-Free, North American Witch-Hazel (<i>Hamamelis virginiana</i>)-Based Solution of 5% Minoxidil Sulfate for the Treatment of Female Androgenetic Alopecia.","authors":"Ralph Michel Trüeb","doi":"10.4103/ijt.ijt_55_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijt.ijt_55_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Androgenetic alopecia leads to progressive hair loss in susceptible individuals if left untreated. Topical minoxidil represents an evidence-based treatment for female androgenetic alopecia, though with variable success.</p><p><strong>Aims and objectives: </strong>Treatment of minoxidil non-responders remains challenging, as does treatment of patients with propylene glycol sensitivity or irritable scalp syndrome.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Single-center, retrospective cohort of 50 female patients with androgenetic alopecia failing to respond to a minimum of 6 months of standard 5% topical minoxidil solution either once daily or b.i.d. depending on the severity of the alopecia. Patients were switched to propylene glycol-free, North American Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana)-based solution of 5% minoxidil sulfate (5% minoxidil sensitive solution). Efficacy and safety of treatment were evaluated, including stereotactic global photography and epiluminiscence microscopy with digital imaging taken at baseline, at 3, and at 6 months of treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>70% of patients showed observable clinical improvement with combined global photographic and epiluminiscence microscopic assessment with digital imaging, and 22% epiluminiscence microscopic-only improvement as evidence of treatment efficacy. The treatment was well tolerated, particularly in patients with propylene glycol sensitivity and patients with irritable scalp syndrome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that propylene glycol-free, North American witch hazel (<i>Hamamelis virginiana</i>)-based solution of 5% minoxidil is effective and safe for treatment of female androgenetic alopecia, specifically in minoxidil non-responders and patients with propylene glycol sensitivity or irritable scalp syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":14417,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trichology","volume":"15 3","pages":"108-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10763728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139097766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Low-dose Oral Minoxidil in the Treatment of Alopecia: Evidence and Experience-based Consensus Statement of Indian Experts. 治疗脱发的低剂量米诺地尔口服液:印度专家基于证据和经验的共识声明》。
International Journal of Trichology Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_70_23
Kiran Godse, Abhishek De, Maya Vedamurthy, D S Krupa Shankar, Bela Shah, Mukesh Girdhar, Ramesh Bhat, Anil Ganjoo, Sushil Tahiliani, Anant Patil
{"title":"Low-dose Oral Minoxidil in the Treatment of Alopecia: Evidence and Experience-based Consensus Statement of Indian Experts.","authors":"Kiran Godse, Abhishek De, Maya Vedamurthy, D S Krupa Shankar, Bela Shah, Mukesh Girdhar, Ramesh Bhat, Anil Ganjoo, Sushil Tahiliani, Anant Patil","doi":"10.4103/ijt.ijt_70_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijt.ijt_70_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alopecia is a highly prevalent condition worldwide including in India. There are different types of alopecia with differing etiology, presentation, and hence treatment. Androgenetic alopecia represents the most common form of hair loss affecting male as well as female population termed as male and female pattern hair loss, respectively. Several treatment options are available for the treatment of alopecia with often unsatisfactory results resulting in psychological distress among such patients. Topical minoxidil is known to be effective in the treatment of alopecia. However, oral minoxidil is not currently approved for the treatment of alopecia. This expert consensus is prepared to provide guidance to the clinicians regarding the use of oral minoxidil in the treatment of alopecia. Extensive literature review was performed to prepare the draft consensus which was then revised based on the suggestions and comments from the experts. The final draft was circulated to the experts for review and approval. This consensus document provides overview of evidence related to oral minoxidil and consensus from the experts for its use in the treatment of minoxidil.</p>","PeriodicalId":14417,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Trichology","volume":"15 3","pages":"91-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10763725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139097767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信