International Journal of Preventive Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Synbiotics in the Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Faranak Kasiri, Rasool Soltani, Farzin Khorvash, Behrooz Ataei, Maryam Nasirian, Atousa Hakamifard","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_329_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_329_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common nosocomial infections. The role of probiotics in preventing VAP is still questionable. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of synbiotic FamiLact 2plus on the prevention of VAP in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 80 mechanically ventilated patients were included and divided into two groups of 40. Group 1 received FamiLact 2plus, and group 2 received placebo. The outcome variables were compared, including the incidence of VAP, the time interval between the onset of ventilation and VAP, the duration of mechanical ventilation, and the length of stay in the ICU.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VAP is documented in four patients (10%) in group 1 and 11 patients (27.5%) in group 2 (P = 0.045). The length of stay in the ICU in group 1 was significantly shorter than in group 2, and the time interval between the start of intubation and the onset of VAP in group 1 was longer than in the placebo group. During the intervention, 15 patients in group 1 (37.5%) and 26 patients in group 2 (65%) developed diarrhea, which was a significant difference (P = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Synbiotic is associated with a reduction in the incidence of VAP as well as a reduction in ICU stay and delayed VAP.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10803674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of VZV and HSV-2 Antibodies among Women of Childbearing Age Referring to Health Centres of Mashhad, Iran: The Need for Consideration of VZV Vaccination Program","authors":"M. Youssefi, Farnaz Zahedi Avval, Hoda Ghasabzadeh, Majid khadem-Rezaiyan","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_239_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_239_22","url":null,"abstract":"Infections with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) are associated with serious maternal and neonatal health consequences. The literature review reveals a research gap regarding the seroprevalence of HSV-2 and VZV among women of reproductive age in Mashhad, Northeast of Iran. The present study aims to evaluate the seroprevalence of these viruses among a group of women in Mashhad, Iran. Sera were collected by health center personnel using a cluster sampling method from healthy women with specific age characteristics residing in three distinct socioeconomic regions of the city. The participants, aged 20–35, were divided into three groups (20–25, 26–30, and 31–35 years). The levels of VZV and HSV-2 IgG antibodies were evaluated using commercial ELISA kits. Subsequently, the results were analyzed using SPSS software. A total of 93 women were included in the study. Anti-HSV-2 IgG antibody was detected in 3 out of 93 participants (7.5%), while anti-VZV IgG antibody was found positive in 80 out of 93 individuals (83.3%). The HSV-2 positive cases were concurrently positive for the VZV antibody. There was no significant difference in the positivity of anti-HSV-2 and anti-VZV antibody positivity within age groups or socioeconomic status (P > 0.05). The high seroprevalence of VZV among nonvaccinated participants indicates a widespread presence of the virus and underscores its potentially serious impact on community health. Therefore, it is recommended that a VZV vaccination program be considered by the health system. Furthermore, the reactivation of latent HSV-2, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, during pregnancy should not be disregarded as a life-threatening threat.","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139300433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What are the Criteria and Conditions for Performing the Micronucleus Assay in Oral Exfoliated Cells from Waterpipe and Cigarette Smokers?","authors":"Daniel A. Ribeiro","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_120_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_120_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"192 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139293174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Noise Exposure at Different Loudness Levels on EEG Index and Types of Attention","authors":"Zahra Mohammadi, Mohammad Javad Jafari, Ali Khavanin, A. Jafarpisheh, Ali Ameri, Mostafa Pouyakian","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_395_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_395_22","url":null,"abstract":"Noise is one of the most important harmful factors in the environment. There are limited studies on the effect of noise loudness on brain signals and attention. The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between exposure to different loudness levels with brain index, types of attention, and subjective evaluation. Four noises with different loudness levels were generated. Sixty-four male students participated in this study. Each subject performed the integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test (IVA-2) test before and during exposure to noise loudness signals while their electroencephalography was recorded. Finally, the alpha-to-gamma ratio (AGR), five types of attention, and the subjective evaluation results were examined. During exposure to loudness levels, the AGR and types of attention decreased while the NASA-Tax Load Index (NASA-TLX) scores increased. The noise exposure at lower loudness levels (65 and 75 phon) leads to greater attention dysfunction than at higher loudness. The AGR was significantly changed during exposure to 65 and 75 phon and audio stimuli. This significant change was observed in exposure at all loudness levels except 85 phon and visual stimuli. The divided and sustained attention changed significantly during exposure to all loudness levels and visual stimuli. The AGR had a significant inverse correlation with the total score of NASA-TLX during noise exposure. These results can lead to the design of methods to control the psychological effects of noise at specific frequencies (250 and 4000 Hz) and can prevent non-auditory damage to human cognitive performance in industrial and urban environments.","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139299705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Home Care on Metabolic Profile and Blood Pressure in Type 2 Diabetic Patients who Underwent General Surgeries.","authors":"Maryam Heidapour, Arefeh Kabirzadeh, Lila Faridani, Mojtaba Akbari, Parvaneh Abazari","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_224_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_224_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The stress of surgery itself results in metabolic disturbance. Few studies have mentioned how to manage the metabolic profile of diabetic patients after discharge from the hospital. The present study aimed to determine the effect of home care on metabolic profile and blood pressure in type 2 diabetic patients who underwent general surgeries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy type 2 diabetic patients who were undergoing surgery were assigned to the intervention and control groups via blocking order. The intervention group received a 3-month home care with an interprofessional team approach. The levels of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterols, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were measured before and three months after the intervention in both groups. In the control group, only routine care was performed in the postsurgery period. Data were entered in SPSS software version 23 and were analyzed. Results: There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups for background characteristics. Systolic blood pressure (<i>P</i> < .001), diastolic blood pressure (<i>P</i> = 0.005), lipid profile (<i>P</i> = 0.001) [except for triglycerides level], fasting blood glucose (<i>P</i> = .001), and HbA1c (<i>P</i> = .003) decreased significantly in the intervention group. After controlling baseline data by applying analysis of covariance, a significant increase in HDL-c (<i>P</i> = .032) was seen. Also, the difference between the mean percentage of variations in HbA1c levels between intervention and control groups was significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study showed improvement in HbA1c and HDL-c levels with home care programs in patients with diabetes who underwent general surgeries. More studies with longer follow-ups are necessarily addressing the effects of home care on other metabolic parameters in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10803679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persian Translation and Determining the Validity of 2020 Standards for Health-Promoting Hospitals and Health Services Affiliated with the World Health Organization.","authors":"Mohamad A Seifrabiei, Zahra Sanaee, Mohamad A Sharbaf, Akbar Nikpajouh","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_44_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_44_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since the establishment of the International Health Promotion Hospitals (HPH) in 2006, standards have been designed to evaluate this network. Based on the request of the General Assembly of HPH, the new standards have been revised in 2020 to be in harmony with the new global strategy of HPH for the years 2021-2025. The present study was conducted to translate the original version of the self-evaluation form of HPH and to determine its validity and reliability in Iranian society.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The standard process of forward and backward translation was followed after that to determine the face validity of the Persian version of HPH standards, fifteen experts from ten hospitals in five major cities in Iran (Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Shiraz and Hamadan) gave their opinions about 86 standard statements based on a five-point Likert scale, and the impact score was calculated. For determining content validity, both the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 86 standard statements of the five main standards had an impact score higher than 1.5. Also, regarding CVR, all 86 standard statements had a score higher than 0.49 (the minimum plausible score based on Lawshe's table). Finally, after calculating the CVI, all the standard statements had a CVI higher than 0.8, which indicated a very good content validity index for all the items.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to the results of this study, the Persian form of the 2020 HPH standards is valid enough to be used in Iranian hospitals and health services.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10803671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliable Statistics: COVID-19 Infection Control or Alarm.","authors":"Masoud Mohammadi, Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_80_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_80_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10803684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Unrefined Sugar on Inflammation: A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies.","authors":"Samarghand Ebadi, Azrina Azlan","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_318_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_318_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is well established that unrefined sugarcane products have antioxidant activity due to phytochemicals, polyphenols, and total antioxidant capacity, which may decrease inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the association of unrefined sugar consumption with inflammatory biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest databases were searched up to December 2021 for studies that report the effect of unrefined sugar on inflammation according to inflammatory cytokines, chemokine, and adhesion molecules as outcome measures. Results: Thirty-six studies were evaluated. Across all research, five studies (two <i>in vitro</i> and three animal studies) reported the effect of unrefined sugar on levels of cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-1β, and IFN-γ. Additionally, the quality of the studies was assessed for risk of bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>it is possible to affirm that unrefined sugarcane products, including jaggery, may have a protective effect on inflammation via regulating some of the inflammatory pathways and a favorable impact on cytokines secretion according to the results of <i>in vitro</i> and animal model studies. However, since the findings are still insufficient, more scientific research, especially well-designed human trials, is highly recommended to conclude the outcomes confidently. Human data may encourage industries and the public to replace purified sugar with unrefined sugarcane in sugar-based food and for further health-care policy decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10803675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presenting a Quaternary Prevention Model for the Rural Family Physician Program in Iran with an Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach.","authors":"Rahil GhorbaniNia,&nbsp;Somayeh Noori Hekmat,&nbsp;Reza Dehnavieh,&nbsp;Kambiz Bahaadinbeigy,&nbsp;Morteza Arab-Zozani","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_116_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_116_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to its ethical approach and its protection of patients and their interests, quaternary prevention can increase the quality-of-service provision and decrease costs and the wastage of resources. The present study used interpretive structural modeling (ISM) to classify the effective factors and determine a quaternary prevention model for Iran's Rural Family Physician Program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a qualitative study with an ISM approach. Twenty-five health system experts and faculty members participated in the study. The interrelationships between the factors were determined using ISM, and after classification, the driving and dependence power of the factors were specified using MICMAC analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 20 factors were classified into five levels. The results indicated that patient interest and vulnerable groups had the highest effectiveness, and officials' and policymakers' commitment to providing serious support for family physicians had the highest affectability. The factors were placed into the two groups of linkage and dependence based on the MICMAC analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The new technologies are costly and sometimes only suitable for a specific group of patients. Costs and the issues of induced demand and defensive medicine necessitate a different view of health service distribution. The preventive and strategic view and the comprehensiveness of family physician services make quaternary prevention possible by providing high-risk and vulnerable groups with essential services based on patient needs and conditions with more benefit than harm.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bd/82/IJPVM-14-108.PMC10580201.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49677379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Necessary to Identify Latent Toxicants Associated with COVID-19.","authors":"Mousa Bamir,&nbsp;Salman Daneshi,&nbsp;Salman Farahbakhsh","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_82_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_82_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fe/70/IJPVM-14-104.PMC10580180.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49677376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}