International Journal of Preventive Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and Correlates of Impostor Syndrome and Self-Esteem among Medical Students.","authors":"Mubashir Zafar, Nada Mohammed Albeladi, Noor Munawer Alrashidi, Ahad Radhi Alrashidi, Shatha Ayyadhah Alanazi, Meshal Jameel Alharbi, Salem A Almijrad, Redwan Mohammed Mulla","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_291_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_291_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Imposter syndrome (IS) and low self-esteem (SE) are prevalent challenges among medical students that can negatively influence their well-being and personal growth. This study sought to determine the prevalence of IS and SE, as well as the factors related to these issues, in medical students at a public sector university.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study, which was conducted in a public sector university; total 350 participants were recruited through stratified random sampling; validated and structured questionnaires were used; logistic regression and correlation tests were used to determine the relationship between SE and IS; and <i>P-</i>value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lower family income, particularly the lowest category (0-10,000 Saudi Rial (SR)), was significantly associated with increased odds of IS (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =1.77, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.03-3.03, <i>P</i> = 0.036). Students with the highest GPAs (4-5) were significantly more likely to experience IS compared to those with lower GPAs (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.06-3.82, <i>P</i> = 0.033), 20.3% of participants had severe IS, 23.1% had low SE, and SE generally improved progressively from first to fifth-year students; very high achievers sometimes experienced lower SE linked to IS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IS and low SE are prevalent among medical students, Lower family income and higher academic achievement were significantly associated with increased odds of IS. Medical schools should implement targeted support programs to address IS and boost SE, particularly for students from lower-income backgrounds and high achievers.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a Spiritual Intervention on Weight Loss, Quality of Life, and Health Behaviors in Overweight Iranian Women.","authors":"Seyedeh Asma Hosseini, Harold G Koenig, Aboozar Poormohammadi","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_93_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_93_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a spiritual intervention on weight loss, quality of life, and health behaviors in overweight Iranian women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The intervention in 10 participants consisted of six 45-60 minute sessions held weekly. A third assessment was conducted two months after the last session. Measures included an assessment of demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), a Religious Health Promoting Behaviors Inventory (RHPBI), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). The sessions focused on healthy eating tips and exposure to the principle of \"godliness versus selfishness.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated that those in the intervention group experienced significant weight loss and significant improvement in quality of life and health behaviors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In societies with a spiritual and religious context, healthy lifestyle interventions with a religious approach can be more helpful because the interventions are socially and culturally consistent with them.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The First 1000 Critical Days: Determinants of Adverse Birth Outcomes in the Sari Birth Cohort, Iran.","authors":"Fereshteh Rostami-Maskopaee, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Aghdas Ebadi Jamkhane, Mohammad Sadegh Rezai","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_343_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_343_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adverse birth outcomes (ABOs) during the first 1000 days of life are key indicators for evaluating reproductive health and impose heavy burdens on the healthcare system. Given the limited data on ABOs in Mazandaran Province, this study aimed to investigate ABOs and their associated factors among pregnant women in the Sari Birth Cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study was initiated in 2017 with 3000 pregnant women from northern Iran. Participants were followed until delivery or the occurrence of miscarriage, stillbirth, maternal or neonatal death. ABOs included miscarriage, stillbirth, low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA), and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Log-binomial regression in Stata 14 used to identify factors associated with ABOs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 2962 mothers and 2386 children were analyzed. Nearly one fifth of mothers experienced at least one ABOs. The most common ABOs were preterm birth (10.09%), SGA (7.91%), and LBW (6.29%). During the follow-up, two maternal and nine neonatal deaths occurred. The multivariable Log-binomial regression analysis indicated a significantly higher risk of ABOs among women with lower education (aRR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.09-2.51), chronic diseases (aRR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.01-1.39), and adverse pregnancy history (aRR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.03-1.46).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results showed that ABOs associated with lower levels of maternal education, chronic diseases, and adverse pregnancy history. These factors are modifiable; therefore, planning and implementing targeted interventions such as reproductive health education, management of chronic diseases, and care for high-risk mothers can help reduce complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Integrated Conceptual Framework Illustrating the Overlap Between Public Health, Community Medicine, and Preventive Medicine Across the Health System.","authors":"Abdulhameed A Alharbi","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_485_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_485_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prevention is a core function of health systems, yet the conceptual relationships among prevention-oriented disciplines are not always clearly articulated. Public health, community medicine, and preventive medicine share common preventive goals but differ in scope, level of action, and proximity to clinical practice. This lack of conceptual clarity may affect education, training pathways, and shared understanding of preventive functions across health systems. This article presents an integrated conceptual framework that illustrates how preventive action is distributed across the health system, highlighting areas of overlap among public health, community medicine, and preventive medicine. The framework positions public health as an overarching domain encompassing policy and regulatory functions, population-based health services, and facility-based preventive services. Community medicine is situated within this domain with a stronger emphasis on applied prevention at population and facility levels. Preventive medicine is conceptualized as a multi-level discipline that aligns with population-based and facility-based prevention, while uniquely extending preventive action into direct clinical practice through clinical preventive services. The framework also emphasizes the bidirectional relationship between applied prevention and health policy, and clarifies the limited yet meaningful interface between clinical preventive services and curative care. By visualizing these relationships, the framework provides a conceptual and educational tool to support coherent understanding of prevention across population, community, facility, and clinical contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food-Based Dietary Inflammatory Index in Relation to Breast Cancer.","authors":"Niloofar Eshaghian, Yaser Sharif, Omid Sadeghi, Sanaz Benisi-Kohansal, Leila Azadbakht, Gholamreza Askari, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_262_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_262_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is no study on the association between food-based dietary inflammatory index (FDII) and odds of breast cancer. This study was conducted to investigate the association between FDII and odds of breast cancer in Iranian women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this population-based case-control study, we enrolled 350 pathologically confirmed new cases of breast cancer and 700 controls which were matched with cases in terms of age and socioeconomic status. FDII score was calculated based on participants' dietary intakes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant positive association was found between FDII and odds of breast cancer (odds ratio [OR]: 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.88); such that after taking potential confounders into account, women in the highest tertile of FDII score were 1.52 time more likely to have breast cancer compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.05-2.18). Such a significant positive association was also observed among postmenopausal women, either before (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.09-2.14) or after (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.05-2.27) controlling for covariates. The same association was also observed in normal-weight women, and it remained significant even after controlling for potential confounders (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.04-2.41).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found a significant positive association between FDII and the odds of breast cancer in women, particularly postmenopausal ones.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Role of Octreotide in Acute and Chronic Lung Injuries.","authors":"Ghasem Zarei, Zahra Pezeshki, Samira Choopani, Behnoush Mohammadi, Ardeshir Talebi, Mehdi Nematbakhsh","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_245_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_245_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been the prominent concern in the clinic. Special attentions have been made to investigate the pathophysiological and pharmacological aspects of acute and chronic lung injuries. Appropriate drug treatment is the first priority in the treatment process of this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of octreotide (OCT), a somatostatin analog, on the models of acute and chronic lung injuries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two models of acute and chronic lung injuries were performed by intratracheal injection of hydrochloric acid, and four groups were investigated for each model including sham control, octreotide alone, lung injury, and lung injury treated with OCT. In each group, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured directly, and blood cell counts, including red, white, and immune cells, were determined. The severity of lung injury was considered by lung tissue histology and arterial blood gas parameters. The function of kidneys as distance organs also was considered by the determination of biochemical parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that OCT potentially can improve blood pressure and blood cell parameters. The arterial blood gas indicators and histological lung scores were also improved by OCT in both models of acute and chronic lung injuries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OCT had multiple effects, such as the inhibition of immune cell infiltration storm, which can reduce acute and chronic lung injuries in rats. These data suggest that OCT should be considered as a therapeutic drug for lung injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 and its Outcomes on Incidence, Lethality and Mortality from COVID-19 in the City of São Paulo, Brazil.","authors":"Renata M M Pimentel, Hugo Macedo, Luiz Carlos de Abreu, Edige Felipe de Sousa Santos, Claudio Leone","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_403_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_403_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to analyze the effects of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 on the incidence, lethality and mortality from COVID-19, in the city of São Paulo, in the period 2020-2022. This is a population-based time series study, with official public data, relating to the period from 2020 to 2022. The population data were extracted from the Municipal Health Department of São Paulo, according to the geographic division of the Regional Health Coordination (CRS). The Prais-Winsten regression model was used, calculating the percentage variation of daily change (DPC). This procedure made it possible to classify the trend of epidemiological rates as increasing, decreasing or stationary. It was observed that the city of São Paulo recorded that 17% of its total population was infected at least once by the SARS CoV-2 virus, with a fatal outcome in 0.4% of its total population. When comparing the differences between the CRS, it was observed that the North region had a higher lethality rate at the beginning of the pandemic, decreasing significantly over the period. The Central region, in 2021, showed an increasing trend different from the other regions. Regarding mortality, the North, Center and West coordinators showed decreasing trends in all periods analyzed, unlike the East, Southeast and South coordinators, which in 2020 showed stationary trends. It is concluded that there was a reduction in the epidemiological outcomes of COVID-19 after the mass application of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Strategies to increase vaccination coverage should be implemented in all regions of the city of São Paulo, especially in those with high social vulnerability.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13336525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence of Vitamin B12, Hemoglobin, and Ferritin Deficiency in Patients with Morbid Obesity and Changes in their Blood Levels after Bariatric Surgery.","authors":"Saad Younas, Muhammad Bilal","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_289_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_289_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13293532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148329998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of Early Child Development and Care for Hospitalized Small and Sick Children: A Holistic Approach to Pediatric Health.","authors":"Abhay Gaidhane, Manoj Patil, Shital Telrandhe, Zahiruddin Quazi","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_193_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_193_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>For children aged 0-5 years, hospitalization is a very stressful experience. Even, the older children are quite tense during hospitalization for a serious illness, and want their parents to be available there. Play is a key aspect for any developing child which helps in promoting the child's growth and development. Toys are the 'tools' of play and age-appropriate toys can be helpful for reducing the trauma and stressful feelings during hospitalization. Appropriate use of toys and play therapy will aid in enhancing the recovery from the illness. Play therapy can be included in the care and treatment plan of hospitalized children. This review aimed to assess the available evidences in literature regarding effectiveness of Play therapy for harnessing development in hospitalized children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search was made in PubMed using keywords \"play therapy\"[Title/Abstract] AND \"Hospitalization\"[Title/Abstract]; \"Child Development\"[Title/Abstract] AND \"Play Sessions\"[Title/ Abstract]; \"Play\"[Title/Abstract] AND \"Hospitalization\"[Title/Abstract]; \"Play Therapy\" AND \"Child Development\"[Title/Abstract]; \"Therapeutic Play Session\"[Title/Abstract], \"Effectiveness\" AND \"Play Therapy\"[Title/Abstract]; \"play therapy\"[MeSH Terms] AND \"child development\"[MeSH Terms]. Studies over the last 10 years were explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 125 published articles were obtained. After screening and applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, a total of 31 studies were shortlisted and imported to Zotero for further analysis. Most of the studies have established the effectiveness of Play Therapy in hospital settings in promoting the cognitive, behavioral, and socioemotional development and in reducing the hospitalization-related anxiety.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A dedicated play session can be incorporated into the healthcare management protocols for pediatric inpatient settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13293542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148329990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Echocardiography in Facilitating Detection of Malnutrition-Induced Cardiovascular Effects in Low-Resource Settings.","authors":"Saurabh RamBihariLal Shrivastava, Prateek Sudhakar Bobhate, Abhay Tidake","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_149_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_149_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malnutrition has been acknowledged as a major public health concern, as the medical and socioeconomic impacts are serious and lasting for individuals, family members, communities, and nations. The purpose of the current article is to explore the cardiovascular consequences of malnutrition, enlist the clinical utility of echocardiography, enumerate the public health applications of echocardiography, identify challenges in the implementation, and propose public health recommendations to overcome the identified challenges. The inclusion of echocardiography in malnutrition has the potential to bridge diagnostic gaps by facilitating the detection of early cardiac changes even in asymptomatic persons and ensuring that targeted interventions can be implemented in resource-constrained settings. Regardless of the utility of echocardiography in the detection and monitoring of malnutrition-related cardiac problems, the full-fledged implementation of the same in low- and middle-income nations has its share of challenges. In conclusion, echocardiography is an effective tool to detect the cardiovascular effects of malnutrition. The integration of echocardiography into public health initiatives can provide vital insights into the burden of malnutrition-related cardiac dysfunction, and this calls for the need to overcome the potential challenges to improve health outcomes in underserved populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13293535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148330013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}