International Journal of Preventive Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Capacity of Social Institutions: Towards Participation in Community-Centered Management Programs.","authors":"Abtin Heidarzadeh, Mehrdad Farrokhi, Jafar Bazyar, Negar Pourvakhshoori","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_248_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_248_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The new managerial approach demands the profound examination of capacities, resources, and facilities in social institutions and organizations and optimum and systemic utilization of capacities such as individuals' abilities, expertise, and skills within the framework of social institutions. This approach will thus empower the community, which is the most appropriate platform for sustainable development, and improve systemic and integrated management. The study is designed systematically to identify the capacities of social institutions to empower the existing capacities and plan management and educational programs in a better manner to use these capacities within communities. This systematic review study is conducted until February 15, 2024. The PRISMA system was used to track the review process and findings. Databases were searched for relevant articles, and the STROBE checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the articles. The community-based social organizations will still face budgetary challenges and costs in their capacity-building efforts. As such, advanced management techniques such as teamwork, collaboration and coordination between departments, innovative thinking, brainstorming, or even the use of program evaluation and analytical actions can help reduce possible challenges. This calls for the availability of exact management models and planners in both government systems and people-centered systems to coordinate such capacities. This will seek to shed more light on the important role of social institutions and hence serve to give a clearer understanding of challenges, opportunities, and supportive actions for such institutions to contribute to better government system management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"16 ","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting the Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of COVID-19 Hospitalization and Deaths in Iran: Insights from a Spatiotemporal and Hotspot Analysis.","authors":"Leila Mounesan, Ebrahim Farhadi, Sana Eybpoosh, Ali Hosseini, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Safoora Gharibzadeh, Mozhgan Ahmadinezhad, Farideh Bahari, Mohammad Mehdi Gouya, Aliakbar Haghdoost, Ehsan Mostafavi","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_146_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_146_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the seasonal and spatial patterns of COVID-19 hospitalization and deaths is crucial for effective hospital management, resource allocation, and public health interventions. The current study conducts a spatiotemporal hotspot analysis that explores the seasonal and geographical patterns of high-risk areas of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Provincial-level data on laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases with acute respiratory symptoms in Iran (February 2019-March 30, 2022) were collected. Hotspot analyses mapped seasonal incidence risks, and Global Moran's spatial autocorrelation analysis identified COVID-19 clusters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the 2 years, 26 hotspots and 11 cold spots were identified (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Western and central provinces showed the highest hospitalization hotspots, while the west and north had the most death hotspots. South and southeast provinces exhibited low incidence and the highest number of cold spots. High-risk areas were prevalent in spring and autumn, mainly in the west, north, and central regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research unveils the clustering patterns of COVID-19 hospitalizations and fatalities in Iran during the most severe pandemic. Spatial clusters and dynamic hotspots varied across regions and time. Prioritizing high-risk areas during critical epidemic waves, devising seasonal care strategies, and implementing preventive measures can significantly improve health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"16 ","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scrutinizing the Perspective of Family Physician Teams After the first Decade of Implementation of Urban Family Physician Program: A Thematic Qualitative Study from Iran.","authors":"Behnam Honarvar, Kamran Bagheri Lankarani, Hassan Joulaei, Saeed Shahabi, Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh, Yasamin Kaheni, Niloofar Rambod Rad, Zahra Zarei Jeliani, Fatemeh Shaygani, Majid Najafi Kalyani, Maedeh Hajiaghaei, Fatemeh Zarei Jeliani","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_34_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_34_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urban Family Physician Program (UFPP) passed the first ten years of its age in Iran. In this study, we aimed to determine the strengths and challenges of this program from the viewpoints of family physician (FP) teams to address comprehensive evidences and solutions for its improvement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this qualitative study, using purposeful sampling, 58 members of FP teams from ten cities of Fars province were interviewed. In-depth semistructured phone interviews were performed. The trustworthiness of data was checked using Guba and Lincoln criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Interviewees' mean years of working in UFPP was 6.9 ± 3.5 years. Themes of challenges included: Inefficient governance, Challenging information system, Fragile financing system, Inefficient service provision, Inefficient Health Workforce, and Inadequate medical products and technologies. Themes of strengths included: Improving governance, Comprehensive information system, Improved quality of service delivery, Improved health workforce conditions, Curbing the costs of health systems, and Capability of application of new technologies. The bulk of views were toward challenges compared with the strengths.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>After the first decade of running UFPP and regardless of some contradictory opinions among family physician teams, the challenges of this program outweigh its strengths. These evidences address the need for a fundamental reform in this program.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"16 ","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Economic Implications of a Diagnosis-Related Groups Payment System in Iran's Health System Transformation Plan.","authors":"Yousef Khadivi, Mohsen Nabi Meibodi, Fatemeh Saghafi, Reza Khadivi","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_359_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_359_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Health System Transformation Plan (HSTP) in Iran aimed to enhance universal health coverage through improved access and reduced out-of-pocket payments. However, rising healthcare expenditures have posed challenges. The Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRG) payment system has been implemented in developed countries to reduce costs, improve efficiency, and enhance service quality. This study estimates the potential cost savings in pharmaceutical and inpatient services within the HSTP framework, focusing on public hospitals affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (MUI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted in three stages. First, a cross-sectional study design was used to collect current inpatient and pharmaceutical costs from public hospitals affiliated with MUI before and after the health sector reform. Second, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effects of implementing the DRG payment system on the costs of inpatient and pharmaceutical services. Finally, the possible costs of medication and hospitalization in 2015 were estimated by applying the annual inflation rate. The predicted costs were calculated by multiplying the impact values of the DRG payment system on the estimated expenses in 2015. The potential cost savings were calculated by subtracting the current expenses from the predicted expenses based on the DRG payment system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the assumption ratio of changes following the implementation of the DRG payment system, the study estimated cost savings of $60,282,055 in both inpatient and pharmaceutical expenses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Implementing the DRG payment system could have resulted in significant cost savings, equivalent to 9.2% of the total health sector expenditures of MUI.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"16 ","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning Helps in Prediction of Tobacco Smoking in Adolescents.","authors":"Hamidreza Roohafza, Elahe Mousavi, Razieh Omidi, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Mohammadreza Sehhati, Ahmad Vaez","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_306_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_306_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Considering the increasing prevalence of adolescent smoking in recent years, this study proposes a machine learning (ML) approach for distinguishing adolescents who are prone to start smoking and those who do not directly confess to smoking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used two repeated measures cross-sectional studies, including data from 7940 individuals as distinct training and test datasets. Utilizing the randomized least absolute shrinkage and selector operator (LASSO), the most influential factors were selected. We then investigated the performance of different ML approaches for the automatic classification of students into smoker/nonsmoker and low-risk/high-risk categories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Randomized LASSO feature selection prioritized 15 factors, including peer influence, risky behaviors, attitude and school policy toward smoking, family factors, depression, and sex as the most influential factors in smoking. Applying different ML approaches to the three study plans yielded an AUC of up to 0.92, sensitivity of up to 0.88, PPV of up to 0.72, specificity of up to 0.98, and NPV of up to 0.99.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results showed the capability of our ML approach to distinguish between classes of smokers and nonsmokers. This model can be used as a brief screening tool for automated prediction of individuals susceptible to smoking for more precise preventive intervention plans focusing on adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"16 ","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Missed Role of Medical Students in Health-Promoting Hospitals.","authors":"Mohammad Esmaeelzadeh, Seyyed Abolfazl Vagharseyyedin, Mobin Soleimanian Asl, Hakimeh Sabeghi","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_204_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_204_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"16 ","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Fundamental Place of Pap Test in Iran, Does Primary HPV-Genotyping Seem Cost-Effective in Replace? A Cohort Study.","authors":"Azam Zafarbakhsh, Fariba Behnamfar, Matin Shariati, Atefeh Vaezi, Leila Mousavi Seresht","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_283_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_283_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a known risk factor for cervical cancer, and currently, primary HPV typing is recommended for screening instead of cervical cytology. However, there are limited studies on the prevalence of HPV in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study evaluated the liquid-based cervical smears of 700 women with no history of HPV vaccination and cervical dysplastic disease from 2017 to 2020 in Isfahan, Iran. Here, we compare the prevalence of HPV genotypes using COBAS with Pap smear cytology results in evaluating the most appropriate cervical cancer screening test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of HPV infection was 23.3%, including 8.7% with HPV 16/18 and 14.6% with other HR (high-risk) HPVs. In cytology reports, 8 out of 16 individuals with high-risk lesions were negative for any type of HPV; on the other hand, there were 129 HR HPV-positive patients out of 570 negative or low-risk Pap smear results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It assumed that there is no superiority for HPV genotyping over cytology or vice versa in detecting high-risk patients for cervical cancer; as only 26.8% of women with HPV show abnormal cytology; and from those with normal cytology, 17.9% were positive for HR HPV.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"16 ","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Antioxidant Minerals (Cr, Mg, Cu, Se, Zn) in Diabetic Children and their Relationship with Fasting and Postprandial Blood Glucose.","authors":"Zahra Mostafaei, Zamzam Paknahad, Golnaz Majdizadeh, Abolghasem Djazayery, Ariyo Movahedi","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_119_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_119_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary micronutrient levels can influence glucose and insulin regulation. Studies show micronutrients can have a positive effect on blood sugar control. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between blood sugar levels and dietary antioxidant minerals (Cr, Mg, Cu, Se, Zn) in children with type 1 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted on 82 children aged 3-18 with type 1 diabetes. A three-day food record was used to collect dietary information. Fasting blood sugar and 2-hour postprandial glucose were recorded by parents. Dietary data were extracted by N4. SPSS Version 27 was used for all statistical analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of subjects was 10/3 ± 3/3 years. According to the comparison of intake amounts of antioxidant minerals based on age and sex with Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), most children reported enough intake. A significant positive relationship was observed between the intake of copper and 2 hours of blood sugar after breakfast (<i>P</i> values < 0.05). We found a significant relationship between intake of chromium, magnesium, selenium, and zinc with blood sugar levels, after adjusting for confounding variables (<i>P</i> values < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The amount of dietary antioxidant minerals in most children was within the appropriate range compared with the RDA. There is a significant relationship between dietary antioxidant minerals (chromium, magnesium, selenium, and zinc) and fasting and postprandial blood glucose after adjusting for confounding variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"16 ","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges of Disaster Assessment of Readiness and Training Guideline (DART) in Iran's Primary Health Care.","authors":"Hamzeh Zarei, Mohammad H Yarmohammadian, Nikoo Yamani, Golrokh Atighechian, Fatemeh Rezaei","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_230_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_230_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>DART (Disaster Assessment of Readiness and Training program) is one of the five Disaster Risk Reduction Management Programs (DRRMP) in Primary Health Care (PHC) of Iran. The guidelines for this program have not been revised in more than 10 years. The aim of this study is to critically evaluate the current guideline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was A qualitative research by Focus Group Discussion (FGD) using the Eisner's educational connoisseurship and criticism model performed in Isfahan Medical Sciences University, Iran during 2024. The study population included seven experts who are familiar with the DRRMP and Eisner's model. Sampling method was purposeful and the FGD group members were selected by the researcher. Data collection was done through 1) WHO handbook for guideline development, 2) WHO Health Emergency, Disaster Risk Management Framework (H-EDRM), 3) A new framework of Primary Health Care (PHC) disaster preparedness and 4) Comparison of DART guideline with Stanford, FEMA and British Columbia household preparedness guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, four main categories were found in the educational criticism of the DART guideline: simplicity in design and development, lack of layout in pages and lack of user-friendly features (descriptions), sharp visual and content criticism for the minimum essential context of a guideline (interpretation), Little conformity of visual criteria and relative conformity of content criteria with global samples (evaluation).Finally, Thematic phase indicated that current guidelines do not meet the expectations of health care providers (HCPs), effective educational promotion of guidelines is needed, and adaptation to lifestyle and cultural customs and actual educational needs were also issues that could be considered.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Visual and content criticism based on Eisner's model showed some of the basic components of the formulation and implementation of a guideline. Modifying and revising the DART guideline based on this information and scientific processes and continuous needs assessment can create an effective result in the development of improved guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"16 ","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Unified Protocols for Transdiagnostic Treatment on Detective Thinking and Reflective Functioning of Children with Type 1 Diabetes.","authors":"Maryam Hashemipoor Zavareh, Mansoureh Bahramipour Isfahani, Ilnaz Sajjadian","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_163_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_163_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to explore the efficacy of unified protocols for a transdiagnostic treatment approach in enhancing detective thinking and reflective functioning in children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This quasi-experimental study involved pre- and post-tests with two experimental groups and one control group, followed by a 2-month follow-up period. Participants, T1D children aged 8-12 years old, were recruited from specialized pediatric clinics. They were randomly assigned to either experimental or control groups. The experimental group underwent a 10-session unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment intervention, each lasting 60 minutes, with an additional 30-minute session involving mothers, conducted weekly. The control group did not receive any intervention during this period and remained on a waiting list. After completing the treatment sessions, both groups completed research questionnaires assessing detective thinking and reflective functioning in the post-test phase for comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 30 children with T1D across two groups. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that unified protocols for transdiagnostic treatment significantly enhanced detective thinking and reflective functioning in children with T1D (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The effects of the treatment persisted during the follow-up phase (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Integrated transdiagnostic therapy demonstrated effectiveness in improving detective thinking and reflective functioning in children diagnosed with T1D. Notably, these positive effects were sustained beyond the intervention period, indicating the treatment's potential as an efficient intervention strategy to enhance the psychological well-being of children with T1D.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"16 ","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}