International Journal of Preventive Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Diet during Pregnancy and Allergy Onset in the Childhood: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Lini Anisfatus Sholihah, Irvan Adhin Cholilie, Desty Muzarofatus Sholikhah, Fista Utami","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_393_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_393_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal diet during pregnancy may influence childhood allergy risk. Our objective is to study the relationship between maternal diet during pregnancy and childhood's allergy onset.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically search SCOPUS and PubMed (2014 to 2024) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), case control, and cohorts investigating maternal diet during pregnancy and childhood allergy outcomes. The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO (CRD42024570531). The evidence was critically appraised using Newcastle Ottawa Scale for case-control and cohort studies and Revised Cochrane risk of bias for cluster randomized trials (RoB2) tool for RCTs by two independent reviewers. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to pool effect estimates, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 41 studies (37 cohorts, 1 case-control, and 3 RCTs) were analyzed. Meta-analyses suggest that maternal egg intake during pregnancy has a protective role on childhood eczema (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.80) and food allergy (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.96), and vitamin D has a negative association with childhood rhinitis (OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.97). No significant association was found between maternal vitamin D intake on childhood asthma and fish oil supplementation on childhood hay fever and asthma. Variability in methodology, dietary assessment methods, and follow-up duration contributed to heterogeneity and becomes the limitation in our study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>specific maternal diet patterns, such as egg and vitamin D consumption during pregnancy, may have help preventing childhood eczema, food allergy, and rhinitis. Further RCTs are needed to explore the effects of other dietary components on allergy outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of C-Reactive Protein and Nitric Oxide Serum Levels in Hypertensive Incidence of Aceh Population, Indonesia.","authors":"Desiana Desiana, Khairi Suhud, Zainal A Muchlisin, Basri A Gani, Azhari Gani","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_180_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_180_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension is a prevalent health issue in Aceh, with inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) and endothelial function indicators such as nitric oxide (NO) playing potentially pivotal roles in its pathophysiology. This study evaluates the relationship between CRP and NO serum levels and their association with hypertension in the Aceh population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study involved 120 hypertensive patients from various communities in Aceh. Serum levels of examination of CRP levels using latex agglutination and NO were principles by immunosorbent assay and the Griess reaction, respectively. Data on blood pressure and other clinical parameters were also collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Female subjects reported more (51%) than men (49%). The highest average CRP levels were found in Ras Gayo (5165 (mg/L), Ras Aneuk Jamee (7270 mg/L), and Aceh (6128 mg/L), but the three tribes had no significant difference (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The highest average NO level was found in Ras Gayo (51.79 (μmol/L), Ras Aneuk Jamee (44.27 μmol/L), and Ras Aceh (31.87 μmol/L), and there was a significant difference (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the incidence of hypertension was associated with infection markers CRP titers and NO levels (r = 0.81).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a significant difference in the quantity of NO levels from the Gayo tribe, Aneuk Jamee, and Aceh from hypertensive patients. Besides that, there is no difference in the quantity of CRP levels between the Gayo tribe, Aneuk Jamee, and Aceh. Hypertension experienced by subjects is related to markers of infection (CRP) and NO in the blood serum of hypertension patients from the Acehnese tribe, stronger than the Gayo and Aneuk Jamee tribes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepato-renal Protective Effect of Glutamine in Oxidative Stress Rat Model by Elevating the Glutamine-Glutathione Axis.","authors":"Behruz H Khaliphani, Sina Mahdavifard, Mohammad Mazani","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_362_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_362_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Toxic compounds such as carbon tetra chloride (CCl4) can cause acute hepato-renal injury by producing free radicals and inflammatory mediators. Therefore, we examined the impact of glutamine (Gln) on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in blood and tissue homogenates, as well as hepato-renal dysfunction markers and histopathological parameters in an oxidative stress rat model induced by CCl₄.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included four groups, each comprising nine rats: control (C), oxidative stress rat model (OSRM), and those treated with Gln (1,000 mg/L in drinking water for 2 weeks). Oxidative stress was induced by administering CCl₄ (1 ml/kg) on the 15^th day. The hepatic NF-kβ expression was analyzed, and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were assessed. Additionally, biochemical markers of hepatic and renal functions were measured, and histopathological changes in the liver and kidney tissues were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicated that Gln treatment significantly reduced liver and kidney histopathological changes caused by oxidative stress induction. The treatment lowered hepatic NF-kβ expression, liver and renal dysfunction parameters, and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, it notably improved systemic, renal, and hepatic antioxidant potential (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The hepato-renoprotective effects of Gln included the prevention of liver necrosis and renal tubule disturbance. Gln enhanced liver and kidney functions by reducing NF-kβ signaling and boosting systemic, hepatic, and renal antioxidant potential through elevating the glutathione (GSH)/GSSG ratio and antioxidant enzyme activities. It is likely that the enhancement of the glutamine-glutathione axis is the primary mechanism behind its hepato-renoprotective effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefit of Psyllium with Weight Loss Diet in Preventing Liver Dysfunction in Overweight or Obese Adults with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD).","authors":"Zahra Akbarzadeh, Mojgan Nourian, Gholamreza Askari, Mohammad R Maracy, Reza Amani","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_254_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_254_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>MASLD is the revised nomenclature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and it significantly impacts the burden of the disease. Individuals who are overweight or obese have three times higher risk of developing MASLD. Losing body weight is, therefore, recommended to manage MASLD. This study was performed to assess the effect of psyllium on liver function in overweight or obese adults with (MASLD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed 80 overweight or obese MASLD patients diagnosed by elastography. They were divided into intervention and placebo groups through randomized block design. Intervention group was given 10 grams of psyllium and the control group was given 10 grams of ground wheat as supplement. Weight loss diet and physical activity (PA) recommendations were followed by both groups for 10 weeks. Serum liver enzymes, liver function (measured by fibroscan), PA, and dietary intake were assessed pre- and post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Totally, 78 participants finished the RCT. After controlling confounding variables, intake of calorie (<i>P</i> = 0.02), carbohydrate (<i>P</i> = 0.01), alanine aminotransferase (<i>P</i> = 0.006), waist circumference (<i>P</i> = 0.006), BMI (<i>P</i> = 0.006), and liver fibrosis score (0.001) were lowered in the intervention group compared with the controls. However, serum aspartate aminotransferase reduction was not significant (<i>P</i> = 0.98).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psyllium can be introduced as a dietary supplement that exerts beneficial role in gut health, weight loss, and preventing MASLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Factors Affecting the Screening of New Colorectal Cancer Cases Between 2020 and 2022 in Isfahan Province.","authors":"Elaheh Ebrahimi, Razieh Hassannejad, Masood Shekarchizadeh, Jamshid Najafan, Zamane Vafaei, Samaneh Mostafavi, Fateme Nouri, Reihaneh Zavar, Ali Darakhshandeh, Mohammadreza Khosravifarsani, Farzaneh Ashraf, Mehran Sharifi, Ali Akhavan, Nadia Najafizadeh, Alireza Sadeghi, Maryam Mirporian, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Nizal Sarrafzadegan","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_332_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_332_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common neoplasms in Iran. The objectives of this study were to determine the factors affecting the screening of new colon cancer cases in Isfahan province.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This present study is a cross-sectional study that was conducted within the framework of the Cardio Vascular Events in Breast and Colorectal Cancers (CIBC) study. CIBC is a multicenter prospective cohort study of newly diagnosed BC and CRC patients that has been started in Iran since 2019 and will be continued until 2024. In this study, all patients who were diagnosed with CRC were considered between January 2020 and January 2022. Information was collected through a questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 78 cases in our study had colon cancer, and 69 had rectal cancer. The majority of patients in our study were between ages of 45-75 (74.4%), married (97%), educated (77%), urban-based (89.4%), nonsmoker (79.5%) and nondrinker (97%), had insurance coverage (96.3%) and had normal levels of depression (52.5%), anxiety (54.4%) and stress (77.5%). Higher age (<i>P</i> = 0.034), higher anxiety score (<i>P</i> = 0.00) and history of colorectal surgery (<i>P</i> = 0.018) was associated with higher rates of screening behaviors especially colonoscopy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Understanding the importance of CRC screening is critical to improve population health. According to the results, higher age, higher anxiety, and a history of colorectal surgery were the main factors affecting participation in the CRC screening programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Family Physician Training Program in the World: A Scoping Review Protocol.","authors":"Fariba Ahmadi, Mostafa Amini-Rarani, Alireza Jabbari","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_298_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_298_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since the emergence of family medicine in the world, different approaches to training family physicians have been utilized. However, there are no united criteria or processes defined for the field. Therefore, this study intends to gather and use the worldwide experience in training family physicians.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This protocol uses the 2020 updated version of Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) scoping review and the PCC framework (population, concept, context). The study will review databases and use search engines and related websites by considering the entrance criteria. Resources will be entered into EndNote. The study will use PRISMA for the selection process and content analysis to analyze the studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As this is a protocol, no empirical data are presented. The anticipated findings will systematically map family physician training programs worldwide, summarizing extracted data via tables and narrative synthesis across key dimensions: admission criteria, curriculum, core competencies, training duration, teaching/assessment methods, accreditation standards, and career pathways. The synthesis will also highlight contextual variations, knowledge gaps, thematic convergences, and barriers across different health systems. The mapped evidence will inform policymakers on transferable models and contextual adaptations, while acknowledging limitations such as publication and language bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It seems that the study results could help policymakers familiarize themselves with different dimensions of different methods of training family physicians in the world and create training plans adoptable by healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological Quality of Commercial Enteral Formulas and Investigation of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Effects of Thyme, Saffron, and Turmeric Extract Mixture.","authors":"Raheleh Sadeghzadeh, Mohammad Bagherniya, Masoud Sami","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_233_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_233_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The consumption of commercial enteral formulas (CEFs) is increasing worldwide. Given the possibility of contamination of these formulas during preparation and consumption, it is crucial to utilize antimicrobial substances to enhance the safety and quality of them. This study aims to assess the (i) microbiological quality of CEFs and (ii) antibacterial and antioxidant effects of thyme, saffron, and turmeric extract mixture on CEFs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>First, 50 samples were collected and analyzed to determine the growth of <i>total viable microorganisms</i> (<i>TVC</i>), <i>coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>), and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>). Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts was determined by the microdilution method, and the antibacterial effects of the mixed extracts were measured on 26 samples by <i>TVC</i> at the time of sampling, 2, 4, and 24 hours after preparation. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of the mixed extracts was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the microbial analysis of food formulas, <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i> were not observed, but the <i>coliforms</i> contamination (3.67 ± 0.18 CFU/mL) and <i>TVC</i> (4.29 ± 0.10 CFU/mL) were higher than the standard of U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Additionally, the mixture of aqueous extract of saffron, turmeric, and thyme demonstrated a significant reduction in microbial load within 24 hours. The DPPH analysis indicated that the aqueous extract mixture increased antioxidant activity (38.7%) significantly in comparison to CEFs without extract (19.59%) (<i>P</i> value < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study indicate that CEFs exhibit high levels of microbial contamination. The extracts of thyme, saffron, and turmeric, however, have the potential to reduce microbial load and enhance antioxidant activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Diagnostic Efficacy of Anemia Indices in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis.","authors":"Zohreh Rahimi, Morteza Pourfarzam, Shiva Seirafian, Tahereh Gholipurshahraki, Shirinsadat Badri","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_308_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_308_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and assessing iron levels is crucial for managing anemia in CKD patients. However, traditional laboratory markers for iron deficiency, like ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT), exhibit significant variability in CKD patients and have certain diagnostic limitations. As a result, newer and less variable markers such as soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), cellular hemoglobin in reticulocytes (CHr), and hypochromic red blood cell percentage (HYPO%) have been proposed. This study aimed to compare these newer markers with the classical biomarkers to investigate iron deficiency in dialysis patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study involved 140 patients receiving dialysis in Isfahan City, Iran, from 2021 to 2022. Classical markers of iron status were measured using routine hematology laboratory methods. sTfR levels were determined using a commercial ELISA kit, while HYPO% was measured through the hemoglobin concentration chart image processing. The collected data were analyzed to compare the classical and newer biomarkers regarding the more accurate prediction of anemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were observed in mean HYPO%, TSAT, hemoglobin, and hematocrit indices between the peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis groups. Hemoglobin and hematocrit had the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC > 0.9), significantly higher than the first and third halves. The diagnostic efficiency of sTfR, as determined by ROC curve analysis, was 0.408.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to hemoglobin as the gold standard, neither the classical nor the newer laboratory biomarkers of iron status demonstrated sufficient predictive ability when used independently to determine iron deficiency in CKD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effects of L-Carnitine Supplement Combined with Interval Training on Kidney and Liver Function among Overweight and Obese Individuals.","authors":"Norsuriani Samsudin, Nur Syamsina Ahmad, Foong Kiew Ooi, Azidah Abdul Kadir, Nur Karyatee Kassim","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_381_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_381_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although carnitine supplementation has been studied for its effects on serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in patients, research in physically inactive overweight and obese individuals remains limited.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study examined the effects of L-carnitine supplementation and moderate-intensity exercise (30 min of brisk walking and interval training) on kidney and liver functions in overweight and obese individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-eight overweight and obese participants (29.03 ± 6.02 years) were randomly assigned to four groups: Control (C), L-carnitine supplementation alone (S), exercise alone (E), and combined L-carnitine supplement and exercise (SE). The S and SE groups consumed 1000 mg of L-carnitine daily for 12 weeks, while the E and SE groups performed 30 min of brisk walking and interval training. The control group maintained their usual routines. Kidney and liver function markers, including ALT, AST, creatinine, urea, and total bilirubin, were analyzed. Repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Bonferroni test were used for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant changes in kidney and liver function markers were observed among the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>L-carnitine supplementation alone, exercise alone, and their combination do not adversely affect kidney and liver function in overweight and obese individuals, supporting their safety. Although no significant biomarker changes were detected, these findings encourage further research on long-term effects, varying exercise intensities and higher L-carnitine doses to explore potential metabolic benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Diet, Oral Hygiene, and Sleep Habits Correlate with Severe COVID-19?","authors":"Ali Esmaeilpour, Zahra Abdolahinia, Nouzar Nakheei, Mehrdad Farrokhnia, Parya Jangipour Afshar, AliAkbar Haghdoost","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_292_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_292_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Because of the impact of lifestyle on health, we assessed the correlation of diet, oral hygiene, and sleep habits with the severity of COVID-19 among patients in a referral hospital in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this case-control study, 582 participants (289 cases and 293 controls) were included. The case group consisted of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, who were admitted to intensive care unit or died during hospitalization. The control group consisted of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection who were admitted to other wards or did not have serious problems and subsequently discharged in relatively good condition. Independent variables were lifestyle information, including habits and diet, oral and dental hygiene, sleep habits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adequate consumption of salt and white meat have been identified protective factor for severe COVID-19 infection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34-0.78) (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.17-0.69), respectively. The findings indicated that brushing teeth after dinner was decreased the chance of contracting the severe COVID-19 infection (AOR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.40-0.96). However, had dentures was linked to an increased risk of infection (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.16-2.70). The pain during sleep, feeling cold during sleep were associated with an elevated chance of severe infection (AOR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.24-3.53) and (AOR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.09-3.39), respectively. Also, the individuals who slept longer periods during the day exhibited a heightened probability of developing the severe form of COVID-19 (AOR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.08-1.36). Furthermore, persistent, or intermittent cough increased the odds of the severe disease (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.01-2.69) (AOR = 4.45, 95% CI: 1.88-10.52).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings showed significant associations between the severity of COVID-19 infection and some aspects of lifestyle. Attention to these habits may change the course of such infections with minimum costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13489571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}