International Journal of Preventive Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Determinants of Poor Glycemic Control among Malaysian Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Abd-Khalim Mohd-Adli, Abdul Jalil Rohana, Surianti Sukeri, Mohd Hanief Ahmad, Hafizuddin Awang","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_199_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_199_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with short- and long-term complications for mothers and offspring. However, information regarding poor glycemic control is still limited in Malaysia. This study aimed to determine self-efficacy, self-care, and physical activity levels, as well as factors, associated with poor glycemic control among women with GDM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among women with GDM in Northern Terengganu, Malaysia. Stratified sampling proportional to the population size was used to obtain 238 samples. Logistic regression was applied to determine associations between factors and poor glycemic control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (SD) scores for overall self-efficacy and self-care were 147.00 (23.94) and 3.55 (0.74), respectively. The median (IQR) for overall physical activity was 137.38 (111.91). Dietetic counseling (AOR = 2.95; 95% CI: 1.41, 6.17; <i>P</i> = 0.004) and diet self-efficacy (AOR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.98; <i>P</i> = 0.040) were associated with poor glycemic control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Comprehensive health education focusing on managing glycemic control can enhance individuals' self-efficacy, empowering them to effectively perform diabetes self-care activities, which subsequently reduces short- and long-term complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction and Assessment of the Jigsaw Method as a Teaching Tool in Community Medicine.","authors":"Animesh Gupta, Manish Sharma, Mukesh Kumar, Geetika Singh","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_86_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_86_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the context with newer medical curriculum, medical education demand changes in teaching-learning methods with the change in the paradigm of teacher-centered teaching methods to learner-centered methods. The jigsaw method is one of the interactive, collaborative, and cooperative methods of teaching that involve active participation of the learners in the learning process. The aim of this study was to introduce the jigsaw teaching method and to assess the effectiveness over the traditional teaching method among medical students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-over interventional study, which was conducted among 150 students of Phase III Part I MBBS students. The total students were divided into two groups, and two topics were selected for teaching. The first topic was taught to groups 1 and 2 by interactive lecture and the jigsaw technique, respectively. Then, cross-over was done for the second topic. The pre- and post-test scores were calculated and compared by applying unpaired <i>t</i>-test to assess the effectiveness of teaching methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The post-test score in the jigsaw method was comparatively more than that of the traditional or interactive lecture method, which was found to be statistically significant (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Most of the students agreed that the jigsaw method enabled an in-depth understanding of the desired topic, helped them to improve their learning and communication skills, and created opportunities for team members to share their information.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study revealed that students' performance was better when they are actively involved in the jigsaw method of learning and it also improves the teamwork capacity as well as the critical thinking skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin Supplementation in Iranian Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Exploring Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.","authors":"Seyed Sobhan Bahreiny, Reza Mohammadpour Fard, Akram Ahangarpour, Razieh Kazemzadeh, Mohammad Rashno, Mohammad Reza Dabbagh, Maryam Radan, Khojasteh Hoseinynejad","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_72_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_72_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is a global health challenge characterized by oxidative stress (OS) and persistent inflammation, which contribute to the progression of complications. Melatonin, a multifaceted hormone known for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention in diabetes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of melatonin supplementation on crucial biomarkers of OS (malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH)) and inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP)) in Iranian diabetic patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A thorough literature search was conducted until August 2023 in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, Magiran, and Scopus databases using keywords corresponding to MeSH, such as \"diabetes,\" \"melatonin,\" \"oxidative stress,\" \"randomized clinical trial,\" and \"Iranians.\" The study focused on eight randomized controlled trials conducted on diabetic patients in Iran. The data were analyzed using the random-effects model, and the summary effect size was determined using the standardized mean difference (SMD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our research indicates that melatonin supplementation led to significant reductions in CRP levels (SMD) = -1.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.79, -0.69; <i>P</i> = 0.001) and MDA levels (SMD = -1.35; 95% CI: -2.17, -0.53; <i>P</i> = 0.001). Furthermore, the study found an increase in TAC levels (SMD = 2.79; 95% CI: 0.54, 5.04; <i>P</i> = 0.0006) and GSH levels (SMD = 1.86; 95% CI: 0.80, 2.93; <i>P</i> = 0.0006) following melatonin supplementation. In addition, subgroup analysis revealed that a lower dosage of 3-6 mg/day resulted in more pronounced effects, with a statistically significant difference observed in MDA reduction compared to higher doses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Melatonin supplementation is a promising complementary strategy to attenuate OS and inflammation in diabetic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes Mellitus in Post-renal Transplant and Nephrotic Syndrome Children on Tacrolimus: (Case Report).","authors":"Mastaneh Moghtaderi, Soodeh S Moghadam","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_27_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_27_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pathogenesis of post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) in renal transplantation is not well established, but both IR and insulin deficiency are necessary for the appearance of PTDM. β-cell dysfunction is not the only player in the pathogenesis of diabetes; insulin resistance (IR) is also a risk factor for the development of T2DM in the general population. Generally, IR is highly prevalent in renal transplant recipients. Calcineurin inhibitors are still the mainstay of immunosuppression and can decrease insulin release from pancreatic β-cells. Changing tacrolimus to Cyclosporine to improve glucose metabolism in stable renal transplant recipients has been suggested in much of the previous literature. In studies comparing the efficacy of tacrolimus and Ciclosporin in preventing acute rejection and graft loss, tacrolimus has always been superior. However, the majority of studies comparing the two drugs reported higher incidents of PTDM with tacrolimus than Ciclosporin.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Migraine and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Faraidoon Haghdoost, Abdul Salam, Anthony Rodgers, Emily R Atkins","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_341_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_341_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Migraine is a prevalent disabling neurovascular condition with a high burden on society. The association between migraine and metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is unclear. In this manuscript, we reviewed the association between migraine and T2DM. Results are summarized descriptively, and potential mechanisms are discussed. Included studies were cross-sectional (n = 6), case-control (n = 1), or cohort (n = 4). A mixed association between migraine and T2DM was reported: positive, inverse, and no association. Association between migraine and T2DM was suggested to follow an age-related trend: positive association in younger age, and negative in older age. Diabetes is associated with lifestyle modification, impaired vasodilation, neuropathy, and reduced calcitonin gene-related peptide, which might result in reduced headache. A rigorous cohort study with long follow-up is needed to establish the nature and strength of the association between migraine and T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and Analysis of Weight Management Awareness and Behaviors Among Iranian Female First-Year University Students: The Mismatch of Perception and Reality.","authors":"Maryam Khalesi, Ali Samadi, Esmail Nasiri","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_121_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_121_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to identify body image perception and weight-control behaviors among female university students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted on female undergraduate students of Shahed University, Tehran, Iran, from September 2023 to February 2024. Sampling was performed using a convenience method, after explaining the objectives and procedures of the study informed written consent was obtained from participants. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess self-perceived quantitative height and weight, qualitative body mass index (BMI) classification, weight management practices, as well as weight and fitness satisfaction. The height and weight were measured directly, and BMI was calculated. A total of 418 valid responses were collected (estimated participation rate: 89.3%). Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation, frequency, and percentage distribution. Cohen's d was used to calculate the effect size between perceived and actual BMI across different weight classifications. Additionally, paired t-tests were conducted for within-group comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the findings, only 55% of the participants were of normal weight, 9% were underweight, 24% were overweight, and 12% were obese. Sixty-nine percent of the participants perceived their BMI classification correctly. Contrarily, only 3% perceived their height and weight accurately. Moreover, there was a significant difference between measured and perceived BMI (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The largest discrepancies between perceived BMI and actual BMI were found in overweight (d = 1.37), lean (d = 1.06), obese (d = 0.82), and normal weight participants (d = 0.69), respectively. On average, participants underestimated their BMI by 1.2 units. Most of them were dissatisfied with their body weight (54.3%) and fitness level (56.2%). However, 51% took no action, while 28% attempted to lose weight, 18% aimed to maintain their weight, and only 3% tried to gain weight.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings indicate a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among female university students. A misperception of BMI (a tendency to underestimate the actual value) and dissatisfaction with weight status are evident in more than half of them, yet less than half take action to manage their weight. This reveals the need for educational interventions (increasing awareness of weight-related health) and facilitating access to exercise and diet counseling services in university settings to improve health-oriented behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Perceived Food Environment and Glycemic Control Among Malaysian Diabetic Patients.","authors":"Ahmad-Syaify Berahim, Abdul Jalil Rohana, Najib Majdi Yaacob, Ruslina Yeop","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_197_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_197_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The perceptions of diabetic patients on their food environment influence their dietary choices and would impact glycemic control. The main aim of this study was to determine any relationship between perceived food environment and glycemic control among diabetic patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 304 diabetic patients were interviewed using the validated Malay version of the Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures Survey (NEMS-P) in Kuala Terengganu capital city. The data were analyzed using linear regression analysis to determine the relationship between the perceived food environments and glycemic level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant relationship between perceived food environment scores with glycemic control. The significant factors include age, marital status, smoking, and duration of diabetes when other factors were adjusted. With each additional year, the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was lower by as much as 0.05% (95% CI: -0.075, -0.025; <i>P</i> value: 0.001). The married and divorced/separated individual had a higher level of HbA1c by 1.42% (95% CI: 0.407, 2.429; <i>P</i> value: 0.006) and 1.20% (95% CI: 0.063, 2.331; <i>P</i> value: 0.039), respectively, compared to unmarried individuals. The smokers had a higher HbA1c level by 1.25% (95% CI: 0.377, 2.128; <i>P</i> value: 0.005) compared to non-smokers. With an additional year of diabetes duration, the HbA1c level was higher by as much as 0.10% (95% CI: 0.052, 0.137; <i>P</i> value: 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was no relationship between perceived food environment and glycemic control in this study. Instead, there was a significant relationship between age, marital status, smoking, and duration of diabetes with the glycemic level.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which One Can Detect More Osteopenia and Osteoporosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient? Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) or Trabecular Bone Score (TBS).","authors":"Diba Monjezi, Behrokh Shojaie, Mansour Salesi","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_218_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_218_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The early diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis can slow the progression of osteoporosis and postpone possible bone fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) because of the benefit of timely treatments. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and trabecular bone score (TBS) in patients with RA to introduce a better method for the early diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on DXA and TBS from 88 patients with RA and 52 healthy people who met the inclusion criteria of this retrospective study were analyzed based on descriptive and inferential statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant difference was observed between the diagnostic abilities of TBS and DXA. Unlike the TBS method, DXA detected higher percentages of RA patients with osteopenia (31.82% TBS vs. 51.14% DXA) and osteoporosis (21.59% TBS vs. 26.14% DXA). Gender might also affect the diagnostic ability of DXA and TBS in patients with RA. In a group of RA patients, TBS diagnosed a lower percentage of patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis (26.83% TBS vs. 68.29% DXA for osteopenia and 17.07% TBS vs. 26.82% DXA for osteoporosis). These results may indicate a lower accuracy of the TBS method for diagnosing bone mass than DXA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although previous studies have demonstrated that TBS is a proper method for the evaluation of bone microstructure, our study suggests that the results of the DXA should not be ignored for the early detection of osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients with RA.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Curcumin Plus Piperine on Mental Health Status, Sleep Quality, and Anthropometric Indices in Patients with Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial.","authors":"Sepide Amini, Alireza Dehghani, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Bijan Iraj, Abdolreza Rezaeian-Ramsheh, Gholamreza Askari, Muhammed Majeed, Mohammad Bagherniya","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_276_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_276_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a significant complication of diabetes that can adversely affect the quality of life and anthropometric indices of individuals. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a combination of curcumin and piperine on mental health status (stress, anxiety, and depression), sleep quality, and anthropometric indices in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-arm clinical trial. A total of 60 patients with DR, aged 30-65 years, were randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention group received 1010 mg/day of curcumin-piperine (2 tablets/day, each containing 500 mg curcumin and 5 mg piperine) (<i>n</i> = 30), while the placebo group received matched placebo tablets (<i>n</i> = 30). Mental health status was assessed using the modified Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Anthropometric indices, including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), were also measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-seven patients in the intervention group and 29 patients in the placebo group completed the trial. However, using the intention-to-treat (ITT) method, the analysis was conducted on 60 patients. The curcumin-piperine combination demonstrated significant improvements in sleep quality (-0.91 ± 1.28 vs. -0.34 ± 0.95; <i>P</i> = 0.025), depression (-1.61 ± 2.23 vs. 0.39 ± 1.61; <i>P</i> < 0.001), anxiety (-1.31 ± 2.23 vs. 0.32 ± 1.97; <i>P</i> = 0.005), and stress (-1.54 ± 1.73 vs. -0.67 ± 1.09; <i>P</i> = 0.024). Furthermore, it led to reductions in BMI (-0.08 ± 0.15 vs. 0.01 ± 0.06; <i>P</i> = 0.003), and WC (-0.35 ± 1.33 vs. 0.22 ± 0.57; <i>P</i> = 0.038), compared to the placebo. No adverse effects were reported in response to the intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combination of curcumin and piperine appears to be effective in enhancing mental health status, sleep quality, and anthropometric factors in patients with DR. Further clinical trials are necessary to validate these promising findings.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration number: </strong>IRCT, IRCT20201129049534N5. Registered 11 September 2021, https://en.irct.ir/trial/56564.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Calcium and Glutamine Co-supplementation on Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Young Female Athletes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Nafiseh Goodarzizadeh, Alireza Shahrjerdi, Khyrunnisa Begum, Reza Amani","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_114_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_114_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Female athletes who experience menstrual disorders have an energy imbalance due to dietary restrictions and training. A significant problem arising from the daily training of such athletes is the imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, leading to fractures due to osteoporosis, amenorrhea, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the complementary effect of calcium (Ca), Glutamine (Gln), and Ca+Gln supplements on bone mineral density (BMD), body composition, and physiological and biochemical symptoms of young female athletes with menstrual disorders during 90 days of the training program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized clinical trial (RCT), participants were classified into four groups: Ca supplementation group (Ca), Gln supplementation group (Gln), Ca+Gln supplementation group, and placebo group. Ca supplement containing 500 mg elemental Ca was given to the recipient groups daily. Gln supplement was given at the dose of 10,000 mg. The control group received maltodextrin (similar to Gln powder) as a placebo. BMD, serum Ca and vitamin D₃, mid-arm upper circumference (MUAC), weight, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded in the four groups pre and post intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study found that BMD differences in the three intervention groups were significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Results showed that Ca+Gln and Ca supplementation significantly improved BMD. This effect was observed in the Gln supplementation group too; however, it was lower than that of the Ca and Ca+Gln groups. Serum Ca was significantly elevated in the Ca group (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ca+Glu supplement improves BMD in female athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}