International Journal of Retina and Vitreous最新文献

{"title":"Retinal vessel tortuosity and fractal dimension in diabetic retinopathy.","authors":"Fariztah Sukainah Nur Fathimah, Sauli Ari Widjaja, Wimbo Sasono, Ima Yustiarini, Muhammad Firmansjah, Ady Dwi Prakosa, Aulia Kezia Mulyazhara, Soebagijo Adi Soelistijo","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00688-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00688-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Retinal vessel geometry characteristic have been studied as one of the signs of microvascular changes in diabetic retinopathy (DR) that necessitates early screening. This study aimed to investigate the differences in retinal vessel tortuosity (VT) and fractal dimension (FD) between patients with and without DR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed medical records and OCT-A images of DR and No-DR patients. DR severity was graded by a vitreoretinal specialist following the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema Severity Scales. Retinal VT and FD were quantified using ImageJ software. Comparison between groups using non-parametric and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) statistical analysis combined with cluster bootstrapping.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 96 (161 eyes) with the mean age of 52.7 ± 9.9 years. Compared to No-DR, VT was significantly higher in all DR groups (p < 0.05). Mild non proliferative DR (β = +0.0621), Moderate NPDR (β = +0.0412), Severe NPDR (β = +0.0441), and proliferative DR (β = +0.0404). FD of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) showed no significant difference among the groups and a significantly lower FD of the deep capillary plexus (DCP) compared to the No-DR groups (moderate NPDR (β = -0.0131), severe NPDR ( β = -0.0316) and PDR ( β = -0.0326)).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to No-DR group, VT was found significantly higher in DR group, and FD of the DCP found significantly lower in the DR group. These parameters offer unique insights beyond simple vessel loss and complementary information into the geometric complexity and structural alterations of the retinal microvasculature in DR.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12164056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of long-term ophthalmic sequelae following first versus second-line antibiotic treatment for congenital syphilis.","authors":"Samuel Montenegro Pereira, Maria Alix Leite Araújo, Rian Vilar Lima, Rivianny Arrais Nobre, Ana Patrícia Alves da Silva, Ana Fátima Braga Rocha, Rodrigo Jorge, Nathalie Broutet","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00689-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00689-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Congenital syphilis (CS) is associated with interstitial keratitis, chorioretinitis, uveitis, and optic atrophy mainly in inadequately treated patients. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis evaluating ocular findings in children born in 2015 with CS treated with ceftriaxone at the time of delivery during the period of penicillin shortage in a city located at Northeast of Brazil and compared them with those adequately treated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>469 children were reported with CS at birth during the penicillin shortage period and 171 were actively searched and invited to an ophthalmological assessment and retrospective analysis of their information recorded in the medical records of the municipality's health services.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 68 children came to the assessment, median age 8 years of age (range 7-8 years), 48 were treated with penicillin (70.5%) and 20 with ceftriaxone (29.5%). There were no significant differences in demographic or perinatal characteristics between the groups. The majority of children had a completely normal ophthalmological examination (67.6%). Regarding findings that are more associated with CS, one child in ceftriaxone group (5.0%) had optic atrophy in one eye and one in the penicillin group (2.9%) had glaucomatous optic disc changes. No interstitial keratitis was found. There was no significant association between the child's treatment and the prevalence of ophthalmologic findings (p = 0.663). There was also no association between the medication and a current reactive VDRL (p = 1.000).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After an 8-year follow-up, no statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of ophthalmologic manifestations among individuals treated for CS with either penicillin or ceftriaxone. These findings suggest that ceftriaxone may serve as an effective alternative for the prevention of CS and its associated ocular complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12150431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A swept-source optical coherence tomography study of the spectrum of laser pointer maculopathy.","authors":"Magdy Moussa, Mahmoud Leila, Mohammed Fotouh Elashri, Ahmed Osama Hashem","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00683-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00683-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in detecting the clinical spectrum of macular microstructure changes secondary to laser pointer injury (LPI), including their response to therapeutic intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study, including consecutive patients with LPI. Inclusion criteria were visual symptoms and biomicroscopic, OCT, and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) features of LPI. We used the SS-OCT for imaging and the swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of a choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV). We used FFA to confirm the diagnosis of a CNV whenever SS-OCT and SS-OCTA images were insufficient to establish its presence. The outcome measures were the morphological features in the macula secondary to LPI and the response of CNV to aflibercept.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 31 eyes of 22 patients. Ten patients (45%) were ≤ 15 years old. Laser pointer maculopathy (LPM) was bilateral in 9 patients (41%). The mode of injury was self-inflicted in 14 patients (64%). Central scotoma was the most common symptom reported by the patients. The mean baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/50. The mean follow-up period was 9.6 months. The mean final BCVA was 20/40. Acute stages of LPM were characterized by focal or diffuse disruption of the outer retinal layers, subretinal hyperreflective mound, anvil-shaped lesion, or the angular sign of Henle fiber layer hyperreflectivity (ASHH). The features of chronic stages included secondary CNV or macular holes. CNV and macular hole were common features in both acute and chronic stages. The most common LPI-induced macular lesion was retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes. Type II CNV developed in three eyes (10%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SS-OCT depicted a characteristic morphological profile of LPM in the acute and chronic stages. SS-OCTA is a non-invasive and reproducible complementary tool in detecting secondary CNV and monitoring its response to therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual vitreoretinal clinics: a service delivery pathway of the future.","authors":"Elizabeth Yang, Amelia Rees, Shantelle Ahadzi, Yvonne Kanna, Philipp Schwember, Robert Henderson, Lyndon da Cruz","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00684-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00684-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitreo-macular interface (VMI) disorders, including epiretinal membrane (ERM) diagnosed on optical coherence tomography (OCT), form a significant proportion of elective referrals to vitreoretinal (VR) surgeons. An in-person visit to a clinician involves travelling, waiting, investigations then an interaction with the surgeon, which entails many inefficiencies in a large institution. We report the pilot studies of a VR virtual service where these patients can be more efficiently reviewed, investigated, listed for surgery or discharged.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective observational study comparing the outcomes of a virtual assessment to standard face-to-face clinics. All patients included were referred from optometry practices for ERM diagnosed on macula OCT. A first pilot study comprised 79 patients, who attended a diagnostics centre staffed with ophthalmic-trained technicians. A short history, visual acuity and ocular pressures were recorded. Widefield colour photographs and macular OCT images were acquired. Cases were asynchronously reviewed by trained ophthalmologists and senior nurses within the week, and following a telephone consultation with the patient, a virtual management plan was documented. All patients attended 1 week later for a face-to-face appointment, following which, virtual and face-to-face management plans were compared. A second pilot comprised 65 patients, through the same pathway, to examine consistency. A post-hoc analysis was carried out to identify the cohort of patients who would be suitable for a virtual management decision without a telephone consultation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ERMs comprised 35% of overall elective referrals in this study. In Pilot 1, 42% were virtually assessed for discharge, with high concordance with face-to-face outcomes (positive predictive value = 89%). There were 3 cases of missed retinal tears, and 1 OCT misdiagnosis. In the second pilot, 43% were discharged virtually, with higher concordant discharge rates (positive predictive value = 93%). There were no missed peripheral pathology and no misdiagnoses in this pilot.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our virtual model demonstrates a safe and effective way of managing and discharging patients without a face-to-face clinic. This is especially suitable for low-risk conditions such as ERMs, which comprise a large proportion of referrals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New surgery technique for refractory macular hole guided by intraoperative OCT: free internal limiting membrane flap and autologous blood clot.","authors":"Thais Marino de Azeredo Bastos, Laís Lauria Neves, Letícia Pinheiro de Freitas, David Leonardo Cruvinel Isaac, Antônio Marcelo Barbante Casella, Marcos Pereira Ávila","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00681-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00681-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Present a new surgical technique which involves using pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with a free internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap anchored by an intraoperatively obtained blood clot, assisted by intraoperative optical coherence tomography (i-OCT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective interventional non-comparative study with three cases of recurrent or refractory macular hole treated with a new surgical technique using autologous blood clot obtained from the retinal vessels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 3 eyes of 3 patients. All patients were previously treated with a PPV and internal limiting membrane peeling. One week post-operatively, all operated eyes showed closure of the macular hole. No complications secondary to the surgical technique occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is a small case series that obtained anatomical success in the macular hole closure with a reproducible technique involving the use of i-OCT to position a free ILM flap, anchored by a blood clot obtained from per operatory retinal bleeding. Further controlled research needs to be done to prove the efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12107886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic biomarkers in vitreous humor: unveiling the molecular landscape of diabetic retinopathy progression.","authors":"John Kim Hiller, Elise Mørk Sandås, Helge Rootwelt, Anja Østeby Vassli, Xhevat Lumi, Morten Carstens Moe, Tor Paaske Utheim, Katja Benedikte Prestø Elgstøen, Goran Petrovski","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00682-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00682-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a progressive retinal disease that leads to vision loss if not detected early. Metabolomic analysis of vitreous humor offers a promising approach to identifying biomarkers associated with disease onset and progression. This pilot study investigates the metabolomic profiles of vitreous humor from patients at different stages of DR, aiming to uncover potential biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of disease progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Vitreous samples were collected during therapeutic pars plana vitrectomy of 23 patients without diabetes (CTRL), with diabetes and without retinopathy (DIA), non-proliferative DR (NPDR) and proliferative DR (PDR). Metabolomics was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Principal component analysis revealed distinct metabolic signatures differentiating the patient groups. Lysine, proline, and arginine levels progressively increased from DIA to NPDR and PDR stages, highlighting their association with disease progression. Methionine and threonine showed notable increases in PDR compared to all other groups, while carnitine, a key metabolite in lipid metabolism, exhibited stage-specific increases, peaking in PDR. The detection of systemic and topical drugs, including metformin and tropicamide, in the vitreous further emphasizes altered ocular permeability in DR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that metabolomic profiling could provide valuable insights into the underlying pathogenesis of DR and serve as a foundation for personalized therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and risk factors for recurrence after surgical treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Abdelrahman M Tawfik, Ahmed Mohamed Eweidah, Rawan Adel Hassanien, Shrouk F Mohamed, Rawan Ashraf Kasem, Mohammed Ghoneem","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00680-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00680-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a vision-threatening ophthalmic emergency requiring prompt surgical intervention. Despite advancements in surgical techniques, recurrence remains a significant challenge, leading to additional surgeries and poorer visual outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for RRD recurrence following surgical repair in an Egyptian tertiary care setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Alexandria Main University Hospital, Egypt, including 134 patients who underwent RRD surgery (pars plana vitrectomy [PPV] or scleral buckling [SB]) between March and September 2023. Demographic, clinical, and surgical variables were evaluated. Recurrence was defined as anatomical detachment after initial surgical success within a 6-month follow-up period. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression to identify independent risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The recurrence rate was 24.6%, with early recurrence (≤ 6 weeks) occurring in 14.9% of cases. PPV had a significantly higher recurrence rate (34.8%) compared to SB (19.3%) (p = 0.049). Univariate analysis identified right eye laterality (p = 0.02), high myopia (p = 0.015), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) (p < 0.001), and ocular comorbidities (p = 0.018) as significant risk factors. Multivariate analysis confirmed right eye laterality (OR: 3.7, p = 0.016), high myopia (OR: 0.34, p = 0.04), and PVR (OR: 0.15, p = 0.005) as independent predictors. Surgeon experience significantly influenced outcomes in univariate analysis (p = 0.001), but not in adjusted models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RRD recurrence remains prevalent occurring in nearly one-quarter of repaired RRD cases, predominantly within the early postoperative period. Surgical technique, laterality, and ocular characteristics significantly impacted recurrence risk. These findings highlight the need for individualized surgical planning and enhanced surveillance in high-risk patients, particularly during the critical first postoperative weeks.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pioneering evaluation in Brazil of microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography with a three-dimensional digital visualization system during pars plana vitrectomy for the treatment of macular hole.","authors":"Leticia Pinheiro de Freitas, Jamil Miguel Neto, Laís Lauria Neves, Thais Bastos, Alexandre Caiado Ferreira Pires, Antônio Marcelo Barbante Casella, David Leonardo Cruvinel Isaac, Marcos Pereira de Ávila","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00671-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00671-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to characterize the clinical results and usability of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) associated with a digital visualization system in vitreoretinal surgery for macular hole correction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a descriptive observational study of patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery for macular hole at Brazilian Eye Surgery Center in which the digital visualization system associated with iOCT was used. Anatomical and functional results were collected 6 months after surgery. Macular hole closure rates, pre- and post-operative visual acuity were measured in addition to surgeon feedback and the percentage in which the technology allowed intraoperative decision-making.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>25 eyes of 25 patients were included in the study. The mean preoperative visual acuity was 20/100, ranging from 20/50 to less than 20/400, and postoperative visual acuity was 20/60, ranging from 20/25 to less than 20/400. The time spent with iOCT did not result in surgical delay, as the average time spent was 3.24 extra minutes spent per surgery. Closure of the macular hole was achieved successfully in 92% of cases. In 8% of them surgical success in closing the macular hole was achieved after a new fluid-gas exchange in the office. The surgeon preferred real-time iOCT and, in 4% (1/25) of cases, it influenced the change in surgical technique, preventing unnecessary ILM (Internal Limiting Membrane) peeling after complete removal of the posterior hyaloid and closing the macular hole. In all cases the surgeon reported valid feedback regarding the use of information provided by real-time OCT. This tool was valid for confirming complete ILM peeling in all cases in which it was performed. Finally, iOCT made it possible to identify the appropriate location to begin creating the ILM flap in 2 cases (8%) both of fragile retina; It prevented a new injection of dyes to identify residual ILM in 8% of cases (2/25) and allowed verification of the correct positioning of the pedicled ILM flap over the hole in 16% (4/25) of cases. Therefore, in 36% of cases (9/25) iOCT was essential for the final surgical outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that the use of iOCT integrated with a digital viewing microscope for the treatment of macular holes offers high standard usability and effectiveness for visualizing structures, and impact favorably on decision-making process during pars-plana vitrectomy. These findings suggest that in the near future, expanded use of iOCT could significantly improve tissue management at the vitreomacular interface and improve anatomical and functional results.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macular thickness and vascular density assessment using optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography imaging in iron ore mine personnel.","authors":"Navid Faraji, Seyyed Pouria Tafti, Niloofar Khoshroo, Alireza Khoshrou, Elham Bakhtiari, Saeid Eslami, Nasser Shoeibi, Mohammad Reza Ansari Astaneh, Seyedeh Maryam Hosseini, Majid Abrishami, Hamid Reza Heidarzadeh, Parnian Arjmand, Mojtaba Abrishami","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00679-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-025-00679-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To assess macular anatomical and vascular parameters in individuals working in iron ore mines using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) imaging to explore potential correlations between this occupational exposure and retinal changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals from the Sangan iron ore mine in Iran were included in a comparative cross-sectional observational study. An age-matched normal control group was selected from healthy participants employed at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Following thorough medical evaluations, participants underwent OCT and OCTA imaging. The macular thickness profile, vessel density (VD) of the superficial (SCP) and deep retinal capillary plexus (DCP), and the area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were measured in our cases and compared with age-matched normal controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and one individuals, with an average age of 38.3 ± 5.59 years in the case group and 38.5 ± 5.59 years in the control group, were enrolled in the study. The difference in mean foveal thickness between cases (50.75 ± 9.13) and normal controls (50.38 ± 8.29) was not statistically significant (p = 0.758). Similarly, the mean VD in SCP and DCP for the case group (49.08 ± 2.20 and 49.32 ± 2.42, respectively) and the control group (49.45 ± 3.54 and 49.36 ± 3.97) did not show significant differences. Additionally, there were no significant changes (p-value > 0.05) in macular thickness and VD in other retinal regions when comparing the case and control groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The research did not establish a significant association between occupational exposure in an iron ore mine and retinal structural changes or alterations in macular VD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of retinal microvascular changes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus using optical coherence tomography angiography.","authors":"Ahmed Ibrahim Basiony, Sameh Mohamed Elgouhary, Hadeer Elbasuony Mohamed, Enas Sobhy Zahran","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00677-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-025-00677-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is evident that the physiopathological pathways of ocular and renal microvascular tissues in patients with systemic lupus are similar. Previously, this was confirmed by employing traditional fundus examination, optical coherence tomography, and high-resolution color electroretinography. Recent years have seen the development of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) as a non-intrusive procedure that can be employed to image the microvasculature of the retina and choroid.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to assess the correlation between renal functional and histologic features with the retinal microvasculature alterations in systemic lupus patients through OCTA analysis.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This case-control study enrolled thirty-six eyes from 18 lupus nephritis (LN) patients, thirty-six eyes from 18 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and thirty eyes from 15 healthy controls. An ophthalmological evaluation, including history, examination, and investigations, was conducted using OCTA for all participants. Prior to ocular examination and investigation, all SLE patients underwent a rheumatological evaluation, encompassing disease-related clinical and laboratory assessments. Specimen retrieval and renal biopsy examinations were also performed, categorizing them into lupus and lupus nephritis patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regarding central foveal thickness (CFT) and parafoveal thickness (PFT), there were no significant differences compared to healthy subjects. A comparison of the foveal avascular zone area (FAZ-A) among the three groups revealed a significant increase in both patient groups compared to healthy controls. Whole superficial capillary plexus (SCP) vascular density (VD) in the parafoveal and foveal regions showed a significant reduction in both SLE patient groups compared to healthy controls (HC). Specifically, SCP values were 42.65 ± 2.23% in the SLE with nephritis group, 44.88 ± 2.09% in the SLE without nephritis group, and 49.10 ± 3.12% in the healthy control group. SCP parafoveal VD values were 40.77 ± 3.27% in SLE with nephritis, 47.19 ± 2.63% in SLE without nephritis, and 50.98 ± 4.80% in healthy controls. SCP foveal VD was 18.96 ± 3.43% in SLE with nephritis, 21.61 ± 4.00% in SLE without nephritis, and 24.16 ± 2.69% in healthy controls. The whole deep capillary plexus (DCP), parafoveal, and foveal VD were significantly reduced in the SLE with nephritis group but showed only marginal differences in the SLE without nephritis group compared to healthy controls, as DCP values were 48.04 ± 3.93% in SLE with nephritis, 53.63 ± 2.19% in SLE without nephritis, and 54.88 ± 3.57% in healthy controls. DCP parafoveal VD was 54.56 ± 2.37% in SLE with nephritis, 56.93 ± 1.90% in SLE without nephritis, and 57.39 ± 5.99% in healthy controls. DCP foveal VD was 34.42 ± 3.12% in SLE with nephritis, 41.96 ± 3.19% in SLE without nephritis","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}