International Journal of Retina and Vitreous最新文献

{"title":"Parapapillary choroidal dense pigmentation in young healthy eyes: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Yuki Uto, Takehiro Yamashita, Kazuki Fujiwara, Aiko Iwase, Hiroto Terasaki, Kumiko Nakao, Taiji Sakamoto","doi":"10.1186/s40942-026-00865-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-026-00865-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While observing fundus photographs from exploratory research investigating individual differences in the fundus, we discovered a black band around the optic nerve head that had not been reported in previous studies. Such eyes with parapapillary choroidal dense pigmentation (PCP) have a pigmented conus visible on color fundus photography. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PCP in young healthy eyes and examine its relationships with axial length, optic disc tilt, and conus area.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, observational, cross-sectional study included the right eyes of 133 participants, who were examined between November 1, 2010 and February 20, 2012. Among them, 117 right eyes of 117 patients were finally analyzed. Participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations, including axial length measurement, fundus photography, and optic disc optical coherence tomography (OCT). Based on their color fundus photographs and optic disc cross-sectional OCT images, eyes were categorized into the non-PCP, temporal-PCP, and circum-PCP groups. Optic disc tilt was evaluated using a sine curve based on the retinal nerve fiber layer B-scan images. The conus area in the color fundus images was calculated using ImageJ and corrected using Bennett's formula. The Steel-Dwass test was used to perform multiple comparisons of the axial length, optic disc tilt, and conus area among the three groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age and axial length of the participants were 25.8 years and 25.5 mm, respectively. Of the 117 eyes, 49, 17, and 51 had non-PCP, temporal-PCP, and circum-PCP, respectively. The axial length (p = 0.011) and conus area (p = 0.047) were significantly shorter and smaller, respectively, for the circum-PCP group than for the non-PCP group. No significant differences were observed in the other intergroup comparisons.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OCT findings revealed that PCP appears black due to choroidal pigment. The eyes with circumferential PCP had shorter axial lengths and smaller conus areas than that of those without, suggesting that it may occur more likely in eyes with less axial elongation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography as non-invasive tool for detection of characteristics patterns in circumscribed choroidal hemangioma.","authors":"T Kurdiani, M Lever, K Al-Ghazzawi, N E Bechrakis, T Kiefer","doi":"10.1186/s40942-026-00864-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-026-00864-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CH) is a benign vascular intraocular tumor, most commonly diagnosed in adulthood. Clinical symptoms include visual disturbances caused by subretinal fluid and degenerative retinal changes involving the macula. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination; however, multimodal imaging techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and ultrasound (US) are essential in differentiating from other intraocular tumor entities. While FA and ICGA are dye-related invasive methods with possible side effects, OCT Angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive diagnostic method for visualizing retinal and choroidal vasculature. We aimed to explore OCTA as a noninvasive diagnostic modality for CH focusing on characteristical patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of 26 patients with untreated CH who underwent OCTA, as well as conventional FA and ICGA. OCTA images were evaluated for specific irregular vascular patterns within the choroidal vasculature, such as 'bag of worms', spaghetti-like/giant vessels, club-like appearance vessels with terminal bulbs, and avascular zones.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 26 Patients analysed, 85% (22 eyes) exhibited irregular vascular patterns in the choroidal vasculature, as described above, and were labelled OCTA pattern present. Four eyes showed no such patterns and were labelled as OCTA pattern non-present. Compared to the second group, the OCTA pattern present group had significantly smaller tumor thickness (1.87 vs. 3.53 mm; p = 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that OCTA can effectively detect characteristic changes in CH, particularly in lesions with tumor prominence below 3 mm. OCTA has the potential to become a valuable non-invasive tool for CH diagnosis; however, larger studies are needed to further validate its clinical utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of scleral buckle: indications, long-term outcomes and comparison with the literature.","authors":"Eunice Linh You, Sihame Doukkali, Mélanie Hébert, Mohammadhossein Ghasempourabadi, Kelvin You, David Jin, Serge Bourgault, Mathieu Caissie, Éric Tourville, Ali Dirani","doi":"10.1186/s40942-026-00839-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-026-00839-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the clinical indications for scleral buckle removal (SBR) and evaluate the functional and anatomic outcomes, including the risk of recurrent retinal detachment (RD) following SBR.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective chart review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-center analysis of patients operated for SBR was conducted at the Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec - Université Laval in Quebec, Canada between 2008 and 2023 with a minimum of 1 year follow-up. Data were gathered on preoperative characteristics, indication for SBR, time to SBR, surgical techniques used and postoperative outcomes including final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). The primary outcome was the incidence of recurrent RD after SBR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2375 eyes that had placement of scleral buckle for RD, 35 (1.5%) required SBR. Infection (34%) and pain (31%) were the most common reasons for SBR. The median time from buckle placement to removal was significantly shorter for infectious cases (2.4 months) compared to non-infectious cases (12.6 months) (p = 0.006). Four patients (11%) experienced recurrent RD, with 3/4 of those cases occurring when buckle explantation was performed within the first month. Postoperative BCVA at final follow-up improved from logMAR 0.70 to logMAR 0.30 (Snellen equivalent of 20/100 to 20/40). A multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated no statistically significant predictors of recurrent RD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Infection and pain are the leading indications for SBR, with infections requiring earlier removal. Recurrent RD occurred in 11% of cases, especially with early removal, with all recurrences occurring within 3 months of SBR. Despite these risks, visual outcomes post-SBR are generally favorable. Close monitoring during the early postoperative period is therefore recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pars plana vitrectomy for tractional and combined tractional rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in type 1 diabetes mellitus: outcomes, prognostic factors, and a proposed staging system.","authors":"Mohammed S Alshehri, Adhwa Alsadoon, Alanaud Albazei, Turki Algethami, Marco Mura, Sulaiman M Alsulaiman, Faisal S Alqahtani","doi":"10.1186/s40942-026-00835-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-026-00835-0","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in young type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients presents greater surgical challenges than in type 2 (T2DM) cases. Despite advances in vitreoretinal surgery, there is no universally accepted classification system for tractional retinal detachment (TRD), and limited data exist on the comparative effectiveness of endotamponade agents and the prognostic significance of outer retinal biomarkers in T1DM cohorts. This study evaluates PPV outcomes for TRD and combined tractional rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (TRRD) in T1DM, introduces a proposed staging system for TRD, assesses the impact of tamponade selection on outcomes, and investigates the role of outer retinal structural biomarkers in predicting visual success.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A retrospective cohort study was conducted at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, on T1DM patients treated with PPV for TRD and combined TRRD between June 2014 and December 2022. A novel TRD staging system was proposed based on the extent of the tractional membrane, posterior hyaloid attachment status, and the presence of retinal breaks, classifying cases into simple TRD (stages 1, 2, 3a), complex TRD (stages 3b, 4, 5), and combined TRRD (acute and chronic). Anatomical success was defined as retinal reattachment, and visual success was defined as improvement in visual acuity of more than two Snellen lines. Postoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) at 1 year assessed external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) integrity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Among 339 eyes (255 patients), complex TRD was the most common presentation (41.6%). Iatrogenic retinal breaks occurred in 39.2%, and tamponade was used in 74.0% of cases. Anatomical success was achieved in 73.2% after a single surgery and 91.2% overall. Visual success was achieved in 55.2% of eyes, with vision improvement observed in 69.2%. Eyes without tamponade achieved the highest visual success rate (80.8%), followed by gas tamponade (84.3% for C3F8/SF6) compared to silicone oil (51.9%) (p &lt; 0.001). Combined TRRD had significantly lower visual success compared to complex TRD (47.3% vs. 64.5%, p = 0.018). Multivariate analysis identified preoperative LogMAR visual acuity (RR 9.88, 95% CI: 4.68-20.83, p &lt; 0.001), intact ellipsoid zone status (RR 20.4, 95% CI: 3.8-109.41, p &lt; 0.001), combined TRRD stage (RR 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01-0.5, p = 0.007), and absence of subretinal fluid (RR 3.49, 95% CI: 1.12-10.87, p = 0.031) as significant independent predictors of visual success.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;PPV for TRD in T1DM achieves excellent overall anatomical outcomes. The proposed TRD staging system demonstrated prognostic value, with combined TRRD carrying a worse visual prognosis. Preoperative visual acuity, TRD stage, outer retinal integrity (ELM/EZ) on postoperative OCT, and tamponade type were significant determinants of functional outcomes. The ","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal organoids: current status of development and new avenues for application in disease modeling, drug discovery and therapeutics.","authors":"Renu Agarwal, Igor Iezhitsa, Jose R Hombrebueno, Puneet Agarwal","doi":"10.1186/s40942-026-00846-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-026-00846-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual impairment affects over 2.2 billion people worldwide and the major causes include age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. For research in these areas, although animal models offer a more physiologically complex system than in vitro approaches, their use raises ethical considerations, and species-specific differences such as variations in protein sequences and signaling pathways. This can limit the direct translatability of the outcomes. Traditional 2-D cell cultures, in contrast, lack the multicellular organization and dynamic microenvironment necessary to replicate human retinal complexity. Retinal organoids (ROs), three-dimensional tissue constructs derived from pluripotent stem cells, have emerged as a promising model due to their human origin and complex cellular interactions that cannot be achieved in conventional 2-D/3-D co-culture models. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the evolution from 2-D to 3-D retinal models, highlight the structural and functional features of ROs including the presence of layered retinal architecture, photoreceptor outer segment formation, and light-responsive electrophysiological activity and summarize their applications in disease modeling, drug discovery, and gene and cell therapy. ROs represent a significant advancement over traditional models by enabling the recapitulation of human-specific retinal development, facilitating the study of patient-derived disease phenotypes, and providing a platform for personalized therapeutic screening. Their development has deepened understanding of pathological mechanisms in conditions such as retinitis pigmentosa and AMD, while enabling preclinical testing of targeted interventions like CRISPR-based gene editing and photoreceptor cell replacement. Nonetheless, challenges remain in fully replicating retinal vascularization, long-term functional maturation, and synaptic connectivity, underscoring the need for continued refinement and integration with complementary model systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploratory study on a novel automatic quantification software by artificial intelligence for geographic atrophy associated to age-related macular degeneration.","authors":"Jorge Ruiz-Medrano, Aiwen Su, Zaixing Mao, Masahiro Akiba, José M Ruiz-Moreno","doi":"10.1186/s40942-026-00862-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-026-00862-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlations between SS-OCT and OCT angiography biomarkers in treatment-naïve neovascular AMD during aflibercept therapy: a prospective study.","authors":"Marcussi Palata Rezende, Fernanda Atoui Faria, Daniel Prado Beraldo, Julia Polido, Rubens Belfort, Thiago Cabral","doi":"10.1186/s40942-026-00854-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-026-00854-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluocinolone acetonide implant in diabetic macular edema: sustained benefits and effects of following prior therapy.","authors":"Philipp Necpal, Klemens P Kaiser, Ron C Kroener, Pankaj Singh","doi":"10.1186/s40942-026-00861-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-026-00861-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of postoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy in complex retinal detachments with serial intravitreal methotrexate injections.","authors":"Lucas Valadão de Brito Soares, Tiago Nelson de Oliveira Rassi, Wener Passarinho Cella, Mauricio Maia","doi":"10.1186/s40942-026-00856-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-026-00856-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world performance of faricimab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema: experience from the BrazilRetNet multicenter study. Report 1.","authors":"Vinicius Kniggendorf, Thiago C Silveira, Vitor D M Costa, Danilo S Soriano, Caio V Regatieri, Renata F Sugai, Arnaldo Bordon, Giovanna S Nutels, Ana L Peixoto, Carlos Augusto Moreira-Neto, Joao Victor C Miranda, Marcio B Nehemy, Francisco M Damico, Leandro C Zacharias, Daniel Lavinsky, Cleide G Machado, Carlos Eduardo D Veloso, Francyne V Cyrino, Wener Cella, Luiz Roisman, Oswaldo F Brasil, Gabriel C Andrade, Francisco Stefanini, Fernando K Malerbi, Fernando M Penha","doi":"10.1186/s40942-026-00860-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-026-00860-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}