International Journal of Retina and Vitreous最新文献

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided pars plana vitrectomy: a prospective, single-arm study.","authors":"Raul Velez-Montoya, Manuela Franco-Sanchez, Katherin M Ureña-Tejada, Ramses Rosales-Díaz, Gerardo Pedraza-Rivera, Xiadani L De la Rosa-Gonzalez, Catalina Becerra-Revollo, Mariana Mayorquin-Ruiz, Jans Fromow-Guerra, David Berrones","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00723-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00723-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To estimate the amount of eliminated vitreous after ultrasound-guided pars plana vitrectomy and complete the safety profile of the technique.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled patients with vitreous hemorrhage and clear media who had an ultrasound-guided pars plana vitrectomy. The amount of eliminated vitreous was calculated by digital analysis (ImageJ) of before and after photos, obtained intraoperatively. All cases were completed under direct visualization for safety evaluation. All patients had a comprehensive ophthalmological examination at baseline and at day 1, and 1 month follow-up. Adverse events were reported in proportions ± 95%CI. A learning curve was plotted via the formula y = ax^b. Interobserver agreement was assessed with a Cohen-Kappa test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 62 patients. Mean age: 64.3 ± 13.3 years. Digital image analysis showed that there was a significant reduction in the number of pixels representing vitreous hemorrhage (≈ 70%, p < 0.01). The minimum number of cases needed to achieve a 70% or greater elimination of vitreous was 18. The proportion of potentially related adverse events to the surgical technique was 1.6%, 95%CI: 0.04-8.66).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ultrasound-guided pars plana vitrectomy is feasible and has an acceptable safety profile for cases with minimal to no visibility of the posterior pole.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12369047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early photoreceptor assessment as a predictor for visual acuity gain after vitrectomy for macula-off retinal detachment.","authors":"Lourdes Vidal-Oliver, Jorge Mataix-Boronat, Margot Mangen, Enrique Alfonso-Muñoz, Elena Palacios-Pozo, M Jesus López-Prats, Carmen Desco","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00722-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00722-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Visual recovery after macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) remains limited in many cases, largely due to photoreceptor damage. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of early outer retinal findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT) for visual acuity outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective, longitudinal study was conducted on 106 eyes with macula-off RRD treated with vitrectomy and gas tamponade. The primary outcome was best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at six months postoperatively. Predictive variables included ellipsoid zone (EZ) and external limiting membrane (ELM) integrity, relative EZ reflectivity (rEZR) at one month, as well as age, time to surgery, macular status, baseline BCVA, and RRD extension. Associations were analyzed using linear regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One-month ELM and EZ integrity were independent predictors of six-month BCVA after adjusting for rEZR and baseline LogMAR BCVA (ELM absence: ß=0.33; EZ absence: ß=0.20; both p < 0.04). rEZR increased significantly between one and six months (p < 0.05), stabilizing thereafter, and moderately correlated with BCVA (r=-0.6). Other variables were not significant in univariate analysis and were excluded from the multivariate model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Absence of the ELM at one month indicates poor visual prognosis, corresponding to an estimated four-line visual loss. rEZR may serve as a sensitive marker of photoreceptor metabolic recovery. These findings support the development of imaging-based deep learning models for visual outcome prediction in macula-off RRD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12366092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and risk factors of cataract following pediatric pars plana vitrectomy.","authors":"Antoine Bourgeois, Thibaut Chapron, Ismael Chehaibou, Florence Metge, Youssef Abdelmassih, Georges Caputo","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00718-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00718-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the incidence and risk factors for cataract following pediatric pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Tertiary referral center.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective consecutive case series.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 242 eyes of 218 patients (< 18 years) that underwent lens-sparring PPV with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Information regarding demographic and ophthalmic features, surgical history and procedures were gathered and analyzed. Eyes were evaluated for the development of cataract requiring surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age at surgery was 6.8 ± 5.0 years and mean follow-up was 31.9 ± 37.5 months. After a mean interval of 17.0 ± 22.0 months, 80 eyes (33.1%) required lensectomy with posterior subcapsular cataract being the most common cataract type (76.3%). Overall, the risk of developing cataract after PPV increased from 21% at 1 year to 47% at 5 years The factor associated with the development of postoperative cataract were the need for multiple surgeries (58.8% vs. 13.6%, p < 0.001), the type of tamponade used p < 0.001), older age at surgery (101.9 ± 53.1 months vs. 71.0 ± 60.8 months, p < 0.001), and retinal detachment (78.8% vs. 19.1%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis including the aforementioned variables identified the need for multiple surgeries [OR: 2.7 (CI: 1.2-6.2), p = 0.02)] as a risk factor for the development post-PPV cataract while the use of air or no tamponade as protective (p = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Post-PPV cataract is a common complication occurring in about one-third of children. Risk factors include silicone oil tamponade, gas tamponade and multiple surgeries. Follow-up should be started early and continued for an extended duration after PPV especially in young children at risk of developing amblyopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12366033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The clinical features and real world treatment outcomes in von Hippel Lindau related retinal capillary hemangioblastomas.","authors":"Abdulrahman Khan, Wael A Alsakran, Abdullah Barry, Abdulrahman H Badawi, Moustafa S Magliyah","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00721-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00721-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12359959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in retinal and choroidal thickness after carotid endarterectomy: a systematic review.","authors":"Ana Cibrão-Pedroso, João Rocha-Neves, Rafael Vieira, João Barbosa Breda, André Ferreira","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00713-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00713-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carotid endarterectomy is a well-established procedure for enhancing cerebral perfusion in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis. As a multifactorial disease, carotid stenosis can have ocular implications, potentially affecting retinal and choroidal perfusion and contributing to visual dysfunction. This systematic review aims to evaluate changes in choroidal and retinal thickness after unilateral carotid endarterectomy, providing insight into the impact of the procedure on ocular perfusion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to July 2024, without restrictions on language or publication date. The inclusion criteria included original studies assessing retinal or choroidal thickness via optical coherence tomography before and after carotid endarterectomy in adults. Additional manual searches of reference lists and citation tracking were employed to ensure completeness. Study quality was appraised via the NHLBI tool for observational studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six prospective observational studies involving 269 patients were included. Findings on choroidal thickness changes after carotid endarterectomy are heterogeneous. While two studies reported significant postoperative Choroidal Thickness increases-one within a week and another at three months-other studies reported no significant changes. One study suggested that higher degrees of carotid stenosis may blunt early Choroidal Thickness response. Retinal measurements were less consistently assessed; among the three studies that evaluated retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell complex thickness, no consistent postoperative changes were observed. Overall, variability in study designs, Optical Coherence Tomography protocols, and follow-up durations limits comparability, precluding meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review highlights a potential association between carotid endarterectomy and improved ocular perfusion, as reflected by changes in choroidal thickness. However, inconsistencies across studies and limited data on retinal structural outcomes underscore the complexity of this relationship. These findings emphasize the need for larger, standardized studies to clarify the impact of carotid revascularization on the ocular microvasculature and guide future clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12323285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-year results of visual response following intravitreal novel anti-VEGF injection for diabetic macular edema in a Latino population.","authors":"Guillermo Salcedo-Villanueva, Gisela Garcia-Sánchez, Claudia Palacio-Pastrana, Gerardo Gascón-Guzmán, Aureliano Moreno-Andrade, Oscar Olvera-Montaño, Patricia Muñoz-Villegas","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00719-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00719-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of vision impairment. This study evaluated the effects of multiple anti-VEGF intravitreal injections, including a novel anti-VEGF PRO-169, on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) in Latino patients with DME.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a multicenter, drug-agnostic interim analysis. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive monthly injections for four months after a pro re nata intravitreal injection of either PRO-169 or ranibizumab over a one-year period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 278 eyes with DME were analyzed. The average age of the participants was 62.1 ± 7.4 years, with diabetes diagnosed at an average of 16.7 ± 8.4 years and DME detected 1.2 ± 1.6 years later. By week 48, patients with an initial BCVA letter score of < 69 experienced a gain of 13.1 ± 10.4 letters, with an injection frequency of 34.5 ± 6.9 days per injection. The group showed a reduction in CMT of -127 ± 153 μm, compared to a -82.2 ± 82.1 μm reduction in those with an initial BCVA between 69 and 78 letters (p = 0.016). Additionally, 49% of patients with an initial score < 69 letters improved their visual acuity to 20/40 or better, and 41.5% gained 15 or more letters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This interim analysis indicates the potential effectiveness of the anti-VEGF agents PRO-169 and ranibizumab, especially for patients with initial visual acuity < 69 letters. The final analysis will be essential for verifying the efficacy and safety of PRO-169. This study provides solid evidence to support ophthalmologists treating Latino patients with DME and likely improves patient care.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NCT05217680 (clinicaltrials.gov).</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12315349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144764874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When less is more: the role of non-vitrectomized vitreous surgery in retinal diseases.","authors":"Andrew D Brown, Ahmed F Shakarchi, Muhammad Z Chauhan, Lindsay Chai-Chang, Daisy Alapat, Abdulrahman H Badawi, Ahmed B Sallam","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00686-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00686-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12315340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144764875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of epiretinal membrane peeling on steroid dependency in uveitic eyes: a retrospective analysis.","authors":"Verena Schöneberger, Julia Schirrwagen, Claudia Brockmann, Thomas A Fuchsluger, Friederike Schaub","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00712-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00712-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Secondary epiretinal membranes (sERM) are common in uveitis and often associated with cystoid macular edema (CME), which increases the need for anti-inflammatory treatment. While surgical removal can improve anatomical and visual outcomes, its effect on intraocular inflammation and steroid requirement remains unclear. This study evaluates whether vitrectomy with ERM peeling can reduce the need for postoperative steroid therapy in uveitic eyes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective single-center study reviewed 67 eyes of 67 patients with history of uveitis who underwent sERM peeling between 11/2002 and 04/2023. Demographic data, uveitis classification (SUN), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings, and pre-/postoperative steroid requirements were analyzed. Statistical significance testing was performed using a paired two-tailed t-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 67 eyes, 50.7% were right eyes, and 65.7% of patients were female. Mean age at timepoint of surgery was 63.1 ± 13.6 years, with 53.7% phakic eyes. Uveitis was classified as anterior (17.9%), intermediate (44.8%), posterior (31.3%), and panuveitis (6.0%). Steroid therapy was reduced in 28.4% of patients, remained unchanged in 56.7%, and increased in 14.9%. Preoperatively, cystoid macular edema (CME) was present in 41.4% of the 58 available SD-OCT scans. Postoperatively, retinal thickness, macular volume, and total retinal volume decreased significantly (p < 0.001). Postoperative CME was found in 31.3% in first postoperative SD-OCT and was newly observed in 6.0%, while 62.7% showed no CME.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ERM peeling in uveitic eyes does not guarantee functional improvement or a consistent reduction in steroid dependency. While approximately one-third of patients benefited from reduced steroid use-particularly those with preoperative CME-the majority showed no change, and a subset required intensified therapy due to postoperative inflammation or CME recurrence. Careful patient selection remains essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144742116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related macular degeneration, subretinal drusenoid deposits, and cuticular and calcified drusen in black and hispanic subjects.","authors":"John M Tan, Yang Fei, Liang Wang, Oscar Otero-Marquez, Tasin R Bhuiyan, J Fernando Arevalo, Gareth M C Lema, Roland Theodore Smith","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00710-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00710-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs), cuticular drusen, and calcified drusen have been linked to rapid progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). SDDs have also been linked to high-risk vascular diseases (HRVDs). However, SDDs, cuticular drusen, and calcified drusen have not been reported in Black and Hispanic populations. We report that these drusen phenotypes occur in Black and Hispanic AMD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-three Black and Hispanic AMD subjects were identified in a published cross-sectional study of 200 AMD subjects. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, near-infrared reflectance imaging, and lipid profiles were obtained in the parent study. Masked readers assigned subjects into 2 groups: SDDs, present with or without drusen, and drusen only, as in the parent study. Calcified and cuticular drusen were independently identified. Subjects were assigned by health history questionnaires into those with or without HRVDs, defined as: cardiac valve defect (i.e., aortic stenosis), myocardial defect (i.e., myocardial infarction), and stroke/transient ischemic attack.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>10/23 subjects were in the SDD group (3 Black and 7 Hispanic subjects), 13 of 23 were in the drusen only group. 4/23 subjects were identified with cuticular drusen (1 Black and 3 Hispanic subjects) and 4/23 subjects were identified with calcified drusen (2 Black and 2 Hispanic Subjects). All subjects had respective phenotypes indistinguishable from that of White subjects. 3/10 SDD subjects had HRVDs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We report, for the first time to our knowledge, that subretinal drusenoid deposits, calcified drusen, and cuticular drusen are present in some AMD patients who identify as Black or Hispanic. A strong association of SDDs with HRVDs was discovered in the parent study. These diseases are known to be over-represented in these under-served populations. SDDs, calcified drusen, and cuticular drusen also confer high risk for progression to advanced AMD. A diligent search for these drusen phenotypes in minority patients with AMD or with HRVDs is thus warranted. Further studies of larger cohorts of Black and Hispanic AMD subjects are needed to better assess associations of these drusen subtypes with life threatening diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twin and triplet discordance in retinopathy of prematurity: a call to integrate genomic, placental, and environmental determinants.","authors":"Zahra Sharifi, Mojtaba Heydari, Mohammadkarim Johari, Shayan Yousufzai","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00714-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00714-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of preventable blindness in preterm infants, especially in multiple births such as twins and triplets. Although the incidence of ROP in these groups is well-documented, the discordance in disease severity among siblings has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to quantify the discordance of ROP in twins and triplets and to identify associated predictive factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Poostchi ROP Clinic in southern Iran, involving 339 preterm infants from twin and triplet pregnancies undergoing screening for ROP. Data were collected on demographic, clinical, and ROP-specific variables, including gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), duration of oxygen therapy, and ROP stage. Discordance was defined as a difference in ROP stage between siblings. Stepwise Poisson regression was employed to identify predictors of discordance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ROP discordance was observed in 88 neonates (26.0%), comprising 52 twins and 36 triplets. GA emerged as the only significant predictor of ROP severity (prevalence ratio = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83-0.97, p = 0.012). No other variables, including BW, sex, or medical interventions, demonstrated significant associations. A post-hoc power analysis revealed limited statistical power for detecting subtle effects or rare events, indicating the necessity for larger studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ROP discordance was present in over one-quarter of neonates from multiple births, with GA as the primary influencing factor. The multifactorial nature of discordance highlights the need for larger, multicenter studies that incorporate genetic, placental, and prenatal data to optimize individualized neonatal care and prevent vision loss in this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}