International Journal of Retina and Vitreous最新文献

{"title":"Quantitative evaluation of pigment epithelial encapsulation using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography after anti-VEGF therapy for myopic choroidal neovascularization.","authors":"Mami Ota, Yuki Saeki, Kazuki Yashiro, Shuichiro Aoki, Kohdai Kitamoto, Ryo Terao, Keiko Azuma","doi":"10.1186/s40942-026-00902-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-026-00902-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We aimed to investigate the association between post-treatment changes in polarimetric entropy (PE), which is a noninvasive surrogate marker of structural heterogeneity associated with pigment epithelial remodeling and measured by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT), and the need for multiple anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-injections in myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 11 eyes that received intra-vitreal anti-VEGF injections for treatment-naïve mCNV. Based on treatment response during the first 3 months, eyes were categorized into the single-injection (n = 9) and multiple-injection (n = 2) groups. PS-OCT en face PE maps (6 × 6 mm) were obtained at baseline and 3 months after treatment, with the analysis area manually centered over the CNV using a 3-mm Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid. PE values were extracted from the central 1-mm circle (CNV core) and surrounding 1-3-mm annulus (periphery), and the differences before and after treatment were calculated. Intergroup comparisons were conducted using Wilcoxon rank-sum test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PE within the CNV core increased after treatment (p = 0.0037). The multiple-injection group showed a greater PE increase than the single-injection group (p = 0.0347), although this finding should be interpreted cautiously given the small and imbalanced sample size. Exploratory analysis suggested a positive association between the magnitude of PE change in the CNV core and injection number during the 3-month period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High post-treatment entropy may reflect structural heterogeneity associated with pigment epithelial remodeling during the early healing phase. These findings suggest that PS-OCT entropy imaging may serve as a retrospective indicator of tissue response rather than a predictive biomarker in the present dataset. Given the very small and imbalanced sample size, the results should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis-generating.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13651188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148446920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrence timing and visual outcomes of recurrent myopic choroidal neovascularization after anti-VEGF therapy.","authors":"Nala Shin, Ki Young Son","doi":"10.1186/s40942-026-00900-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-026-00900-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare clinical characteristics and visual outcomes according to recurrence timing in eyes with myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included eyes with treatment-naïve myopic CNV that achieved complete resolution after initial anti-VEGF therapy. To specifically evaluate the impact of recurrence timing, analyses were restricted to eyes that developed recurrence, which were categorized as early (< 12 months) or late (≥ 12 months). Baseline characteristics, multimodal imaging features, treatment profiles, and recurrence-specific parameters were compared. Longitudinal changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models, and factors associated with the final BCVA were evaluated using multivariable linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 79 eyes, 32 (40.5%) experienced recurrence during the mean follow-up of 36.9 ± 23.7 months (early: 15 eyes; late: 17 eyes). The early recurrence group exhibited a significantly longer axial length (p = 0.019); other baseline features and treatment profiles were similar between groups. At recurrence, subretinal hyperreflective material height was significantly greater in the late recurrence group (p = 0.041). Both groups showed visual improvement after initial treatment, without a significant difference in BCVA at any predefined time point. Baseline BCVA was the only independent predictor for final BCVA (β = 0.46, p = 0.039); no significant association between recurrence timing and visual outcomes was detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Visual outcomes were comparable between early and late recurrences of myopic CNV. Baseline BCVA was the strongest factor associated with long-term visual outcome, whereas no association between recurrence timing and visual outcomes was detected in this cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148421008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness and safety of intravitreal faricimab for macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ali Alseneid, Shivam Bhindi, Mohammad Saleki, Diya Baker","doi":"10.1186/s40942-026-00899-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-026-00899-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Faricimab is a bispecific monoclonal antibody targeting both vascular endothelial growth factor A and angiopoietin-2, approved for macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion in 2023. The phase III BALATON and COMINO trials demonstrated non-inferiority to aflibercept at week 24, and several real-world cohorts have subsequently emerged. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled effect of faricimab on visual acuity, treatment burden, anatomical outcomes, and safety in this indication.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched from inception to 1 May 2026 for studies reporting outcomes following intravitreal faricimab. Risk of bias was assessed in duplicate using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool for the randomised evidence and the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions tool for the observational evidence, with single-arm cohorts evaluated as pre-post comparisons. The primary visual acuity outcome was pooled using random-effects meta-analysis with Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman adjustment, stratified by treatment status, while outcomes precluded from pooling by methodological heterogeneity were synthesised narratively. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten studies comprising 1,620 eyes met eligibility criteria, including the BALATON and COMINO randomised controlled trials and nine non-randomised cohorts. The pooled mean change in best-corrected visual acuity at approximately 6 months was + 16.89 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters (95% confidence interval 16.05 to 17.72) in treatment-naïve eyes and + 8.73 letters (95% confidence interval 4.75 to 12.71) in refractory switch cohorts, with negligible between-study heterogeneity in both analyses. Narrative synthesis was consistent with treatment interval extension following initiation of or switch to faricimab, statistically significant reductions in central retinal thickness across studies, and a short-term safety profile without identified retinal vasculitis events.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The synthesis is consistent with intravitreal faricimab use being associated with visual and anatomical improvement in macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion, with the treatment-naïve pooled estimate primarily reflecting registration trial data and the switch cohort estimate characterising refractory phenotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148421079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large language model based simplification of ophthalmological clinical and ancillary results for patient readability.","authors":"Alexandre Antônio Marques Rosa, Francisco Vinícius Moraes de Souza, José Leandro Nascimento da Silva, Rafael Scherer, Valberto Monteiro Nunes, Leandro Cabral Zacharias, Gustavo Barreto Melo, Taurino Dos Santos Rodrigues Neto","doi":"10.1186/s40942-026-00896-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-026-00896-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ophthalmological reports are often written at a complexity level that exceeds the reading ability of many patients. Large language models (LLMs) may help simplify these texts, but their performance depends on prompt design and must preserve clinical fidelity. This study evaluated whether different prompting strategies improve the readability and safety of simplified ophthalmological reports.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 443 de-identified reports from a tele-ophthalmology platform, including 280 retinal fundus and 163 ocular ultrasound reports. Each report was simplified by four LLMs (GPT-3.5, GPT-4.0, Gemini, and Copilot) using three prompts: a basic command, a patient-oriented prompt, and a targeted 7th-grade reading level prompt. Readability was measured with the average Readability Grade Level (aRGL). A representative eligible subset of the generated texts was independently evaluated by two third-year ophthalmology residents, and each selected response underwent independent review by both evaluators, with disagreements resolved by a board-certified retina ophthalmologist. Outcomes included factual accuracy, information completeness, and potential for harm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The original reports were highly complex, with a median aRGL of 13.8 overall, 11.6 for fundus reports, and 15.4 for ocular ultrasound reports. All LLMs improved readability scores to varying degrees. Prompt engineering was a major determinant of performance, and the targeted 7th-grade prompt produced the best results across models. Copilot, Gemini, and GPT-4.0 achieved median aRGL values closest to the recommended patient-facing reading level, while GPT-3.5 showed weaker performance in some comparisons. Clinical validation showed substantial agreement between raters (kappa range, 0.70-0.97). After adjudication, 91% of simplified texts were factually accurate, 86% retained all critical information, and 95% showed no potential for harm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LLMs can simplify ophthalmological reports while preserving clinical fidelity, but performance depends strongly on prompt specificity. These tools show promise for patient-facing communication, although human oversight remains essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13632277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148411624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute-onset endophthalmitis following pars plana vitrectomy for symptomatic vitreous opacities: a case series.","authors":"Michael Y Zhao, Jin Kyun Oh, Landon J Rohowetz, Marc H Levy, Jody Abrams, Curtis E Margo, Steven Cohen, Jorge Fortun, William E Smiddy, Stephen G Schwartz, Harry W Flynn","doi":"10.1186/s40942-026-00877-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-026-00877-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for symptomatic vitreous opacities, commonly referred to as floaterectomy, is an increasingly performed elective procedure that can meaningfully improve quality of life. However, like all intraocular surgery, it carries the risk of endophthalmitis. To our knowledge, only 2 cases of this complication following floaterectomy have previously been reported. The purpose of this study is to report the largest series of acute-onset bacterial endophthalmitis following floaterectomy, characterizing clinical presentation, causative organisms, antibiotic susceptibilities, histopathology, and visual outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective, interventional case series conducted at a tertiary referral center. A query of all patients who underwent PPV for vitreous opacities from January 2010 through December 2025 was performed. Patients were included if they developed acute-onset endophthalmitis (within one month of PPV).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five eyes of 5 patients were included. Two of 394 patients (0.5%) who underwent floaterectomy at our institution developed acute-onset endophthalmitis; 3 additional cases were referred from outside retina specialists. Mean presenting BCVA was 2.1 logMAR (~ 20/2500). Four of 5 vitreous cultures (80%) were positive: 2 gram-positive (Staphylococcus caprae, Staphylococcus lugdunensis) and 2 gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens). The institutional endophthalmitis rate of 0.5% was not statistically different from published post-PPV rates of 0.16-0.28% (P = 0.13). Visual outcomes were polarized: 3 of 5 eyes (60%) achieved BCVA ≥ 20/80, while 2 of 5 (40%) progressed to no light perception and underwent enucleation, both involving gram-negative organisms. Histopathology in one enucleated eye demonstrated extensive intraocular necrosis and suppurative inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acute-onset endophthalmitis following floaterectomy is rare, occurring at a rate statistically similar to PPV for other indications. However, given that floaterectomy is elective surgery for a largely benign, non-vision-threatening condition, the harm-to-benefit ratio is inherently less favorable than PPV performed for sight-threatening pathology. Gram-negative infections were associated with catastrophic and irreversible vision loss, including enucleation. These findings underscore the importance of thorough, candid preoperative counseling regarding the risk of severe infectious complications before proceeding with floaterectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13602793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148382065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of different topical anesthetic methods in reducing pain during intravitreal injections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Renad Alhomidi Almotiri, Zahraa Hussain Alsaggaf, Yara Hamed Abosabaah, Sadeem Saad Abdulaziz Alkaluf, Rana Ali A Algahamdi, Ali Mousa Ahmed Alkhalaf, Ayah Mazen Kurdi, Ishraq Tail Alkhudaidi, Sarah Husam AlJefri","doi":"10.1186/s40942-026-00892-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-026-00892-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rapid rise in intravitreal injections (IVIs) for vitreoretinal disorders underscores the need to optimize the procedure and support long-term patient compliance. Patient-reported pain and discomfort remain significant barriers to adherence. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of various local anesthetic methods for mitigating pain during IVIs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search of PubMed and Google Scholar was performed to identify English-language randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Eligible studies included patients aged 18 years and older receiving local anesthesia for IVIs, where pain was quantified using standard visual or oral analog scales (0-10 or 0-100).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our systematic review and meta-analysis included 14 RCTs comprising 1,300 patients. Analysis of topical lidocaine, tetracaine, and proparacaine formulations showed comparable analgesic efficacy, with all agents consistently achieving mild mean Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores. No clinically meaningful superiority was identified among these primary agents (p = 0.62). Adjunctive therapies, particularly physical cooling (e.g., ice patches), demonstrated significant pain-reducing potential. While oxybuprocaine alone was less effective, its combination with physical cooling achieved the lowest mean pain scores. Meanwhile, topical NSAIDs showed limited additional benefit. Regarding safety, subconjunctival anesthetic injections were associated with a significantly higher incidence of subconjunctival hemorrhage and chemosis compared to topical applications, suggesting that topical strategies provide a favorable safety and efficacy profile for routine intravitreal injections.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analysis confirms that no single topical anesthetic is superior for intravitreal injections; all primary agents provide comparable, effective pain control. Topical application is safer than subconjunctival injection, which is associated with higher rates of hemorrhage and chemosis. Consequently, clinical protocols should standardize low-risk topical methods and incorporate simple non-pharmacological adjuncts, such as physical cooling, to optimize patient comfort.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13591795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148360772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated diabetic retinopathy grading and screening using deep learning.","authors":"Ahmed M Nashaat Ali Rady, Mohamed A Azim, Ahmed AbdelMoety, Mohamed Abdelmoaty Ahmed","doi":"10.1186/s40942-026-00868-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-026-00868-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To develop and benchmark a unified Deep Learning (DL) pipeline for automated detection and five-level grading of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), and to derive a high-performance binary screening endpoint (DR vs No DR) suitable for scalable use in resource-limited settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A publicly available five-class DR fundus dataset of 3,500 color photographs graded using the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy (ICDR) scale was used. A standardized workflow was applied across eight Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures (AlexNet, Densely Connected Convolutional Network 121 (DenseNet121), Residual Network 50 (ResNet50), eXtreme Inception (Xception), Mobile Network Version 2 (MobileNetV2), Efficient Network Version 2 B2 (EfficientNetV2B2), Inception Version 3 (InceptionV3), Visual Geometry Group 16 (VGG16)), including a 70/20/10 train/validation/test split, optional histogram-based contrast enhancement, strong on-the-fly augmentations, and class-balanced sampling. Seven architectures (DenseNet121, ResNet50, Xception, MobileNetV2, EfficientNetV2B2, InceptionV3, and VGG16) were initialized using ImageNet-pretrained weights and trained using a two-stage transfer-learning strategy with backbone freezing followed by partial fine-tuning, while AlexNet was implemented as a custom architecture and trained from randomly initialized weights.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For five-class grading, VGG16 achieved the highest accuracy (0.7686) and weighted Jaccard index (0.6572), while EfficientNetV2B2 provided the best balanced accuracy (0.6128) and macro Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUROC 0.9158). Misclassifications were concentrated between adjacent severity levels. For binary DR screening, modern backbones achieved ≥0.94 accuracy and balanced accuracy; selected models reached AUROC ≈0.982-0.990 and Area Under the Precision-Recall Curve (AUPRC) ≈ 0.987-0.992.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed DL pipeline delivers robust multiclass DR grading and highly discriminative binary screening using widely available CNN backbones. Operating-point calibration enables sensitivity-oriented triage or specificity-oriented confirmation, supporting teleophthalmology and task-shifted DR screening programs to expand coverage and reduce preventable vision loss.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13334749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148360733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual electrophysiology in carotid endarterectomy: a systematic review.","authors":"Sofia Pacheco-Moreira, João Rocha-Neves, Ana Marta, João Miguel Coelho, João Pinheiro-Costa, José P Andrade, André Ferreira","doi":"10.1186/s40942-026-00895-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-026-00895-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To systematically evaluate changes in ocular electrophysiological function following carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and to determine whether electroretinography (ERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) can detect postoperative functional recovery of the retina and visual pathways.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted from inception to August 2025. Observational studies assessing electrophysiological outcomes (ERG, VEP, multifocal recordings, or electrooculography [EOG]) before and after CEA in adults with carotid stenosis were included. Study quality was evaluated using the NHLBI Study Quality Assessment Tools. Due to substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity, a quantitative synthesis was not performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four prospective observational studies were included, involving 95 patients with predominantly severe carotid stenosis (≥ 70%), with one cohort applying a ≥ 60% threshold. Electrophysiological findings were heterogeneous: VEP parameters generally showed no consistent postoperative improvement, whereas ERG demonstrated significant enhancement of oscillatory potentials and a-/b-waves amplitudes in 3 of the 4 included studies. Visual field indices improved in several cohorts, while structural parameters, particularly retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, remained stable. Changes in intraocular pressure were inconsistently reported. Overall methodological quality indicated a moderate-to-high risk of bias, primarily due to small sample sizes, lack of adjustment for confounders, and variability in electrophysiological protocols.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The available evidence, while preliminary and exploratory, suggests a possible association between CEA and postoperative changes in electrophysiological parameters, most notably ERG-derived measures. These findings should be interpreted with considerable caution given the small number of studies, limited sample sizes, and substantial methodological heterogeneity. Whether ocular electrophysiology holds clinical utility in the perioperative assessment of carotid disease remains to be established by larger, adequately powered, and standardized prospective studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13584395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148351865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Off-label intravitreal eculizumab for geographic atrophy: report of the first two cases.","authors":"Rodrigo Jorge, Marcelo G B Rego, Arthur S Zupelli, Rodrigo T Calado","doi":"10.1186/s40942-026-00894-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-026-00894-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148351827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of prognostic outcomes in vitrectomy for myopic foveoschisis with foveal detachment: air tamponade versus no-air tamponade.","authors":"Juan Zhang, Hao Chang, Shixue Liu, Xin Huang, Qing Chang","doi":"10.1186/s40942-026-00884-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-026-00884-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy with or without air tamponade for patients with myopic foveoschisis (MFS) and foveal detachment (FD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-seven patients (47 eyes) with MFS and FD who underwent PPV with fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane peeling were included in this retrospective analysis. Patients were divided into air-tamponade (n = 21) and no-air-tamponade (n = 26) groups. Central foveal thickness (CFT), external limiting membrane (ELM) / ellipsoid zone (EZ) integrity, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and incidence of complications were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In longitudinal analysis, the air-tamponade group had significantly faster CFT reduction at 1 week and 1 month (both P < 0.05). By 3 and 12 months, the CFT values were comparable between groups. Time to foveal reattachment was shorter with air tamponade (P < 0.001). The ELM and EZ integrity were compared at 12 months (both P > 0.05). Postoperative BCVA showed significant improvement from baseline at 3 and 12 months in both groups (P < 0.05). The time-by- tamponade type interaction at 3 and 12 months was not significantly different on BCVA in multivariable model (P > 0.05). Baseline diameter of FD was identified as an independent risk factor of 12-month BCVA by multivariable analysis. Complication rates, including postoperative macular hole, macular hole with retinal detachment, and transient aggravation, did not significantly differ between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Air tamponade accelerated early anatomical recovery in MFS with FD, but both tamponade types achieved comparable long-term anatomical and visual outcomes. Baseline FD diameter was the independent predictor of visual outcome.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13579738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148351782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}