International Journal of Retina and Vitreous最新文献

{"title":"Outcomes of intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex^®) in patients with post-surgical macular edema - a real-world scenario.","authors":"Elder Ohara de Oliveira Júnior, Isabel Ahn, Rodrigo Antonio Brant Fernandes, Arthur Gustavo Fernandes","doi":"10.1186/s40942-024-00626-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-024-00626-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinically significant macular edema (CME) is the leading cause of visual loss after ophthalmologic surgery due to the release of inflammatory mediators promoted by the procedures. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of intravitreal Ozurdex^® (700 µg dexamethasone) implants as a primary therapeutical option for post-surgical macular edema cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with post-surgical macular edema diagnosed by optical coherence tomography (Cirrus SD-OCT) and treated with Ozudex were selected for the current study. Data was retrospectively collected from medical records from January 2020 to December 2022 and included sex, age, laterality, and timeline of treatment (i.e. implant alone or at the time of silicon oil removal in cases requiring vitreorretinal surgery). Complications associated with treatment were also noted as well as the need of further treatments. The structural analysis focused on measuring central macular thickness (CMT-average thickness within the 1 mm circle of the ETDRS) from the internal limiting membrane to the Bruch's membrane complex, as well as the average total macular thickness including parafoveal and perifoveal regions determined by the device (CAT). The functional evaluation was based on the best-corrected visual acuity (VA) measured in logMAR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 46 participants were included (56.2% males, mean age: 60.9 ± 11.2 years old). A statistically significant change was observed in the postoperative versus the preoperative period for all parameters (p < 0.05). The mean VA difference was - 0.17 ± 0.24; CMT was - 109.22 ± 124.85 and CAT was - 14.76 ± 58.95. We observed a significant effect of the moment of Ozurdex implantation on VA improvement, so that cases with implantation at the time of oil removal showed lower improvement than cases with implantation at a distinct timing (Coef. 0.19, 95%CI: 0.02 to 0.36, p = 0.027). Eleven cases (23.9%) required further treatment such as new Ozurdex implantation (8 cases) or surgery (3 cases). Only one case (2.17%) showed increased intraocular pressure and underwent glaucoma surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intravitreal Ozurdex implants significantly improved functional and structural aspects in post-surgical macular edema. The timing of implantation influenced VA improvement, with a distinct step approach showing better outcomes than at the time of oil removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11721515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142965087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suprachoroidal injection of triamcinolone acetonide as adjuvant to surgical treatment of epiretinal membrane.","authors":"Francesco Morescalchi, Federico Gandolfo, Vito Romano, Andrea Baldi, Francesco Semeraro","doi":"10.1186/s40942-024-00623-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-024-00623-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To analyse the effect of suprachoroidal injection (SChI) of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on macular thickness (CRT), ectopic inner foveal layer thickness (EIFL-T) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in pseudophakic patients undergoing vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane (iERM) compared to intravitreal injection of TA (IVTA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective matched comparison of patients undergoing vitrectomy for Govetto stage 3 and 4 iERM. 25 eyes receiving IVTA (G-1) were compared to 23 eyes receiving SChI-TA (G-2) during vitrectomy. Primary outcome was change in BCVA, CRT, EIFL-T before surgery and 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. Secondary outcome was the incidence of cystoid macular edema (CME).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six months after surgery, G2 had a greater mean reduction in CRT (-222 µm vs -131 µm) and EIFL-T (-200 µm vs -104 µm) than G1. BCVA improved more in G2 than in G1 (p = 0.02). Foveal depression reformed in 43% of cases in G-2 and 16% of cases in G-1. Incidence of postoperative CME was 16% in G-1 and 4.3% in G-2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During vitrectomy for iERM, SChI-TA was more effective than IVTA in reducing CRT and EIFL-T and improving BCVA. SChI-TA was effective in preventing postoperative CME. SChI-TA treatment was safe and reproducible and did not affect postoperative IOP. Trial registration NP6289-June 18th, 2024 (retrospectively registered).</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11720571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142948774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faricimab efficacy in type 1 macular neovascularization: AI-assisted quantification of pigment epithelium detachment (PED) volume reduction over 12 months in Naïve and switch eyes.","authors":"Jennifer Cattaneo, Paolo Forte, Giovanni Forte, Chiara M Eandi","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00629-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00629-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study evaluates the efficacy of intravitreal Faricimab in reducing pigment epithelium detachment (PED) and fluid volumes in both treatment-naïve eyes and eyes unresponsive to anti-VEGF mono-therapies, all diagnosed with type 1 macular neovascularization (T1 MNV) over a period of 12-month.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective, single-center cohort study was conducted at the Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. Clinical records of treatment-naïve and non-responder switch patients presenting T1 MNV secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) from September 2022 to March 2023 were reviewed. Patients received a loading dose of three monthly Faricimab injections followed by a treat-and-extend (T&E) regimen. Multimodal imaging, including structural OCT and AI-assisted analysis, was used to quantify PED volumes and related fluid biomarkers at baseline, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up. Statistical analyses included linear mixed models to evaluate differences and trends in intraretinal (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF) and PED volumes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>65 eyes of 65 patients were enrolled (female: 70.7%; mean age = 80.7yrs, SD = 6.9yrs). 80% had received anti-VEGF treatment (Switch group) and 20% were treatment-Naïve at baseline. At 12 months, intravitreal treatments were more frequent in the Switch group (mean number = 8.3 vs. 6.0; p = 0.009). BCVA improved at the 12-month follow-up in Naïve eyes (+ 6.9 ETDRS letters from baseline, p = 0.053) and was maintained in Switch eyes. No cases of intraocular inflammation were observed. Significant reduction in SRF and IRF volumes were noted in both groups. A significant reduction in PED volume was observed over the follow-up period in both groups (mean slope = -206 nL, 95%CL = -273/-138; p-value < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intravitreal Faricimab significantly reduced PED volumes in both treatment-Naïve and non-responder Switch patients over 12 months. The study highlights Faricimab's potential as an effective treatment option for T1 MNV in nAMD, offering significant improvements in PED volume and related fluid biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11720305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142948772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the reliability of a microperimetry-based method for assessing visual function in the junctional zone of geographic atrophy lesions.","authors":"A Yasin Alibhai, Eric M Moult, Muhammad Usman Jamil, Khadija Raza, Marco U Morales, Ramiro Ribeiro, Caroline R Baumal, James G Fujimoto, Nadia K Waheed","doi":"10.1186/s40942-024-00624-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-024-00624-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the repeatability of a microperimetry methodology for quantifying visual function changes in the junctional zone of eyes with geographic atrophy (GA) in the clinical trial context.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A post hoc analysis of the OAKS phase III trial was conducted, which enrolled patients with GA secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Microperimetry using a standard 10 - 2 fovea centered grid was performed at baseline and follow-up visits. GA regions were traced on fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images. Two graders independently registered baseline microperimetry images with baseline FAF images in a sampling of 30 eyes from the OAKS study. Agreement between the two graders' assessments of mean sensitivity and the number of scotomatous points within a ± 250 𝜇m GA junctional zone was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intraclass correlation (ICC) and coefficient of repeatability (CoR) for the mean junctional zone sensitivity were 0.987 and 0.214 dB, respectively. The ICC and CoR for the total number of scotomatous points within the junctional zone were 0.991 and 1.42, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The repeatability of the methodology and its compatibility with standard MP acquisitions appear to make it well-suited for identifying and analyzing retinal sensitivity within high-risk areas of the retina. We present a microperimetry-based methodology for assessing visual function changes in the junctional zone of geographic atrophy lesions using a standard 10 - 2 fovea centered grid in a clinical trial context. The approach's repeatability and compatibility with standard microperimetry grids may make it useful for assessing the effects of GA therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11707945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142948826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of topical conjunctival microbiotic cultures in patients treated with intravitreal injections using antibiotic prophylaxis with 0.3% ofloxacin eye drops.","authors":"Luca Bongiovanni de Miranda Gonçalves, Maria Leticia Lasca Sales Campos, Guilherme Feltrin Barros, Glaucia Luciano da Veiga, Juliana Antoniali Silva, Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca, Thaís Moura Gascón, Samantha Sanches de Carvalho, Andrea Karla Ribeiro de Carvalho, Greicy Ellen Pinheiro Fernandes, Vagner Loduca Lima, Tiago Mirco Lima","doi":"10.1186/s40942-024-00604-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-024-00604-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intravitreal injections, a relatively recent treatment in ophthalmology, is being adopted rapidly worldwide and becoming one of the most common therapies in the field. Numerous complications are associated with this treatment, ranging from minor inflammatory ailments to endophthalmitis. We analyzed the conjunctival flora of patients treated with intravitreal injections and topical antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was a longitudinal prospective analysis of cultures and antibiograms collected from patients who underwent intravitreal injections and topical antibiotics afterwards at the retina clinic in ABC's Medical University.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 148 swabs obtained from 98 patients were cultured and underwent antibiotic sensitivity testing. All bacteria were sensitive to vancomycin, and with the exception of Escherichia coli samples, they were also sensitive to a third-generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone-same class and generation as ceftazidime), both of which are important antibiotics for the treatment of endophthalmitis. The bacteria species were specifically coagulase-negative Staphylococcus sp. 92% of which was penicillin-resistant and 56.9% was resistant to ciprofloxacin, a second-generation fluoroquinolone. The culture results were similar to that described in the literature and showed the same higher prevalence of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus sp. and S. epidermidis. Regarding the antibiotic resistance profiles, vancomycin, a third-generation cephalosporin, and penicillin showed almost identical results to those reported previously. Regarding fluoroquinolones, the incidence of resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus sp. was lower than the findings worldwide, but the resistance rates found were: S. aureus (26.7%), S. epidermidis (61.3%), and Staphylococcus sp. (coagulase negative, 56.9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current results showed that the typical conjunctival bacteria had higher resistance to fluoroquinolones (although they were not tested specifically to ofloxacin), suggesting a possible selection of resistant bacteria that should not be taken for granted in clinic. However, the same bacteria did not exhibit cross-resistance in the analysis of vancomycin and third-generation cephalosporins. This real-world, longitudinal, prospective study on conjunctival flora analyzed bacterial resistance profiles and contemporary antibiotic use, offering deeper insights into this subject.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"10 1","pages":"99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11660893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of panretinal photocoagulation versus intravitreal bevacizumab injection on optic disc microcirculation in patients with diabetic retinopathy.","authors":"Hassan Khojasteh, Mohammad Ahadi Fard Moghadam, Masoud Rahimi, Arash Mirzaei, Fariba Ghassemi, Alireza Takzare, Hooshang Faghihi, Elias Khalili Pour, Hamid Riazi-Esfahani","doi":"10.1186/s40942-024-00621-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-024-00621-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This retrospective study aimed to compare optic disc vasculature changes in 1 and 3 months after treatment with either panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) or Intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in patients with diabetic retinopathy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 50 eyes of 29 diabetic patients without severe complications were included in this comparative case series. Of these, twenty-eight eyes (15 patients) were assigned to the PRP group, while twenty-two eyes (14 patients) were treated with the biosimilar (IVB) (Stivant^® CinnaGen Co., Iran). Optical tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed to measure optic disc vascular density (VD) as well as retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the enrolled patients was 62.1 ± 8.3 years (40 to 78 years). During follow-up, whole disc VD, inside disc VD and peripapillary VD decreased significantly in the PRP group at month 1 (p = 0.032, p = 0.32, and p = 0.016, respectively) and month 3 (p = 0.004, p = 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively). There was an insignificant and slight increase for these parameters in the IVB group. (p > 0.05 for all) A comparison of two treatment arms based on mean whole disc VD, inside disc VD, and peripapillary VD changes revealed a significant difference at month 1 (p = 0.009, p = 0.019, and p = 0.002, respectively) and month 3 (p = 0.002, p = 0.015, and p = 0.009, respectively). Peripapillary RNFL thickness increased in the PRP group at month 1 (p = 0.002) and then decreased at month 3 (p = 0.001). During three months of follow-up, the peripapillary RNFL thickness decreased significantly in the IVB group (p = 0.001). Peripapillary RNFL thickness changes were significantly different between treatment groups at month 1 and month 3. (p = 0.001 for both) The RNFL changes during the study did not significantly correlate with peripapillary VD changes in each group (p = 0.231 and p = 372, for PRP and IVB group, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated that IVB and PRP treatments produced distinct short-term microvascular changes in the optic nerve of diabetic retinopathy patients. PRP treatment significantly reduced vascular density in the optic disc and peripapillary region over 3 months, with an initial increase in RNFL thickness followed by a decrease by month 3. In contrast, IVB treatment led to a slight increase in optic disc vascular density while significantly reducing RNFL thickness. No significant correlation was found between changes in RNFL thickness and peripapillary vascular density within either treatment group.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"10 1","pages":"98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11656866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and risk factors of bacillary layer detachment in central serous chorioretinopathy: a comparative multicenter study.","authors":"Antonio M Casella, Raphaela M Fuganti, Ahmad M Mansour, José Ignácio Fernández-Vigo, Suthasinee Sinawat, Ali Osman Saatci, Jay Chhablani, Arman Zarnegar, Juliana Prazeres, Igor Kozak, Lorenzo López Guajardo, Michel E Farah, Claudio Zett, Francisco Rodriguez, William E Smiddy, Janet L Davis, Philip J Rosenfeld, Stephen G Schwartz, Luiz H Lima, Maurício Maia","doi":"10.1186/s40942-024-00612-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-024-00612-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is marked by serous retinal detachments caused by fluid leakage from the retinal pigment epithelium, often associated with stress, psychiatric disorders and the use of corticosteroids. This study aims to investigate the clinical and systemic characteristics associated with BALAD in patients with CSC, comparing those with and without BALAD to clarify its function as a biomarker of CSC severity and improve diagnostic and treatment approaches.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Compare the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC) with and without Bacillary Layer Detachment (BALAD), and to identify the distinguishing features and associated conditions of CSC with BALAD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational, retrospective, multicenter case-control study collected data from 12 retina centers worldwide on patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) from December 1, 2022, to April 1, 2023. CSC was defined by serous retinal detachment and fluid leakage through the retinal pigment epithelium. Patients underwent detailed evaluations, including OCT, and were classified as having acute or chronic CSC. Inclusion criteria included a CSC diagnosis with RPE leakage, BALAD confirmed by three authors, age over 18, and a detailed medical history from the 30 days before symptom onset. The study assessed visual acuity, choroidal thickness, psychiatric disorders, corticosteroid use, prior CSC treatments, and hyperreflective material on OCT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-seven patients (40 eyes; mean age, 48.0 ± 11.9 years) had CSC and BALAD and were followed for a mean of 4.92 ± 6.65 months. The control group was comprised of 40 patients with CSC without BALAD (40 eyes; mean age, 48.2 ± 11.9 years). On clinical examination, BALAD was as a circular, yellowish macular lesion. On OCT, BALAD was a detachment of the ellipsoid zone with splitting of the photoreceptor inner segment. BALAD was associated with psychiatric disorders (p = 0.014), use of corticosteroids (p = 0.004), previous treatment for CSC (p = 0.041) and thickened choroid (p = 0.036).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BALAD in CSC differs from a typical CSC due to the presence of a circular, yellowish macular lesion, detachment of the ellipsoid zone, segmentation of the inner segment of the photoreceptor, a thicker choroid, the use of corticosteroids, and generally more aggressive previous treatments. These results suggest that BALAD may serve as a valuable biomarker for the severity of CSC and highlight the influence of inflammation and previous treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"10 1","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11658337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Once-weekly semaglutide doubles the five-year risk of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in a Danish cohort of 424,152 persons with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Jakob Grauslund, Andreas Abou Taha, Laleh Dehghani Molander, Ryo Kawasaki, Sören Möller, Kurt Højlund, Lonny Stokholm","doi":"10.1186/s40942-024-00620-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-024-00620-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is an untreatable condition often causing severe and irreversible visual loss in the affected eye. As it has recently been implied that the use of semaglutide associates with NAION, the aim of the present study was to evaluate this risk prospectively in all persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Denmark.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a five-year longitudinal cohort study, we identified all persons with T2D in Denmark (n = 424,152) between 2018 and 2024. Patients were stratified according to exposure (n = 106,454) or non-exposure (n = 317,698) to once-weekly semaglutide, and incidence rates and hazard ratios (HR) of NAION were estimated in a multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, median age and hemoglobin A1c were 65 years and 50 mmol/mol, and 54·5% were male. During 1,915,120 person-years of observation, 218 persons developed NAION. Semaglutide exposure was associated with a higher incidence rate (0·228 vs. 0·093 per 1000 person-years, p < 0·001) and independently predicted a higher risk of upcoming NAION (HR 2·19, 95% confidence interval 1·54 - 3·12), even when multiple other factors were taken into account. Overall, 67 persons exposed to semaglutide developed NAION with a median time from first prescription to event of 22·2 months (interquartile range 10·2-37·8 months).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During five years of observation of all persons with T2D in Denmark, use of once-weekly semaglutide independently more than doubled the risk of NAION. Given the irreversible nature of NAION, it is important to acknowledge this risk, and upcoming studies should aim to identify high-risk subgroups.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"10 1","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11657653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship of macular vessel density and foveal avascular zone with pulse wave velocity and central blood pressure in healthy adults: Persian cohort study.","authors":"Hamid Reza Heidarzadeh, Elaheh Ebrahimi Miandehi, Nasser Shoeibi, Mohammad Reza Ansari Astaneh, Seyedeh Maryam Hosseini, Majid Abrishami, Mehrdad Motamed Shariati, Saeid Eslami, Parnian Arjmand, Mojtaba Abrishami","doi":"10.1186/s40942-024-00616-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-024-00616-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate the correlation of macular vessel density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters measured on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) with systemic arterial stiffness using pulse wave velocity (PWV), pulse wave analysis, arterial age, and central blood pressure (CBP) measurements in healthy subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a comparative, cross-sectional, observational study, healthy adults who participated in the PERSIAN Cohort study at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were included in this study. The study involved using a spectral domain OCTA device to obtain 3 × 3 and 6 × 6 mm scans of the macular superficial capillary plexus (SCP) VD, deep capillary plexus (DCP) VD, and FAZ vascular analysis. Additionally, we used the SphygmoCor XCEL System (AtCor, Itasca, IL) to analyze systemic vascular parameters like CBP and PWV.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 296 healthy participants with a mean age of 39.2 ± 6.7 years, and 152 subjects (51.3%) were female. Female participants were found to have higher DCP VD and FAZ area values. Age showed a negative correlation with SCP and DCP VDs. PWV showed a negative correlation with parafoveal DCP VDs, but no correlation was observed between macular VDs and aortic diastolic and systolic pressures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, age was found to have a negative impact on macular SCP and DCP VDs. In addition, higher arterial stiffness was found to correlate with a lower parafoveal DCP VD value. These findings suggest macular OCTA parameters may be used as early markers of systemic arterial disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"10 1","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11656878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the role of exosomal derived regulatory noncoding RNAs as potential biomarkers for diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review.","authors":"Santosh Nandalal, Harshitha Venkatesan, Madhumitha Haridoss, Krithika Ramachandran, Raji Rajesh Lenin","doi":"10.1186/s40942-024-00615-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-024-00615-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>About one-third of individuals with diabetes develop diabetic retinopathy (DR), with one-tenth experiencing vision-threatening conditions such as diabetic macular edema (DME) or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Current treatments only show recovery in 50% of cases, and the disease often remains asymptomatic. Therefore, novel early detection methods and new biomarkers are crucial. Our study aims to summarise evidence on the role of altered exosomal regulatory noncoding RNAs in DR, based on human studies. Observational studies delineating the different exosomal noncoding RNAs in DR were searched systematically from inception to June 2024 in PubMed-MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases. Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines was used to conduct this systematic review (Prospero ID: CRD42023406724). We synthesised data from 13 human studies that assessed the expression of exosomal regulatory ncRNAs from individuals with DR. Among the 13 studies, nine focused on miRNA, while three examined lncRNA and one on circRNA. Although no common genes were identified across the studies, the review underscores the critical roles of exosomal noncoding RNAs in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets. Future studies should aim for a unified approach in terms of sample selection, RNA analysis, and appropriate controls for a comprehension of exosomal expression patterns for early diagnosis of DR.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"10 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11657862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}