International Journal of Retina and Vitreous最新文献

{"title":"Twin and triplet discordance in retinopathy of prematurity: a call to integrate genomic, placental, and environmental determinants.","authors":"Zahra Sharifi, Mojtaba Heydari, Mohammadkarim Johari, Shayan Yousufzai","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00714-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00714-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of preventable blindness in preterm infants, especially in multiple births such as twins and triplets. Although the incidence of ROP in these groups is well-documented, the discordance in disease severity among siblings has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to quantify the discordance of ROP in twins and triplets and to identify associated predictive factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Poostchi ROP Clinic in southern Iran, involving 339 preterm infants from twin and triplet pregnancies undergoing screening for ROP. Data were collected on demographic, clinical, and ROP-specific variables, including gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), duration of oxygen therapy, and ROP stage. Discordance was defined as a difference in ROP stage between siblings. Stepwise Poisson regression was employed to identify predictors of discordance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ROP discordance was observed in 88 neonates (26.0%), comprising 52 twins and 36 triplets. GA emerged as the only significant predictor of ROP severity (prevalence ratio = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83-0.97, p = 0.012). No other variables, including BW, sex, or medical interventions, demonstrated significant associations. A post-hoc power analysis revealed limited statistical power for detecting subtle effects or rare events, indicating the necessity for larger studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ROP discordance was present in over one-quarter of neonates from multiple births, with GA as the primary influencing factor. The multifactorial nature of discordance highlights the need for larger, multicenter studies that incorporate genetic, placental, and prenatal data to optimize individualized neonatal care and prevent vision loss in this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term optical coherence tomography changes and visual outcomes after vitrectomy for epiretinal proliferation: lamellar holes and full-thickness macular holes.","authors":"Tarin T Tanji, Jae Young Heo, Terrence Murphy, Vivek Chaturvedi","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00711-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00711-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epiretinal proliferation (ERP) is an extension of preretinal tissue, creating a thin, semi-translucent layer of fibrous tissue on the retina. ERP has been recently associated with degenerative lamellar macular holes (DLMH) and full-thickness macular holes (FTMH). The proposed surgery for patients has been vitrectomy and ERM peeling, but there is no consensus on whether DLMH is a stable condition or should be resolved with surgical treatment. The purpose was to investigate optical coherence tomography (OCT) changes and visual outcomes of degenerative LMH and FTMH secondary to ERP after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective case series evaluated 14 eyes with DLMH and eight eyes with FTMH. All 22 eyes were associated with ERP and treated with PPV with ILM peeling. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, in logMAR), OCT findings, including presence of foveal bump and ellipsoid zone integrity, were documented. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for numerical data. Statistical significance was based on a value of p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 14 DLMH cases, the mean Snellen equivalent VA was 20/75 at baseline; 20/59 at the 4-12-month postoperative period; and 20/56 at the final follow-up visit. For the eight FTMH cases, the mean Snellen equivalent VA was 20/94 at baseline; 20/45 at the 4-12-month postoperative period; and 20/38 at the final follow-up visit. Compared to baseline VA, FTMH cases demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in the 4-12-month postoperative VA (p < 0.05) and in the final postoperative VA (p < 0.05). Among all cases, a strong correlation was observed between baseline logMAR and change in logMAR from baseline to final follow-up (R² = 0.671).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated that surgical intervention led to improved visual and anatomic outcomes in patients with DLMH and FTMH, with a correlation between baseline VA and postoperative visual outcomes. The results suggest that patients with worse preoperative VA experienced the greatest benefit in visual outcome from PPV and ILM peeling. Future studies would look at the timing of when to ideally intervene to improve anatomic and visual outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12288344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144707455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotype-specific retinal and choroidal perfusion patterns in inherited retinal diseases: an SS-OCTA analysis.","authors":"Yu Rong, Junfeng Li, Jianquan He, Daowei Zhang, Jiawen Wu, Hongli Liu, Ting Li, Ping Xu, Qing Chang, Jihong Wu","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00706-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00706-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), an inherited retinal disease, is characterized by progressive vision loss driven by the gradual degeneration of retinal photoreceptors. This process manifests as impaired dark adaptation, night blindness, constriction of the visual field, and the deterioration of central vision. Although the progression can be monitored by electroretinography (ERG), visual field (VF) tests and optical coherence tomography (OCT) to some extent, it's hard to achieve high repeatability. Considering the correlation between patients' retinal blood volume and their visual function, OCT angiography (OCTA) can be a good choice for monitoring RP progression by objectively quantifying vascular changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 62 patients and 21 matched controls. Patients with RP were classified into five groups based on their genotype (CYP4V2, EYS, PRPH2, RPGR, and USH2A). Quantitative measurements and analyses were performed in nine fields of the fundus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Defects were observed in each layer among all RP groups, showing different patterns of damage to the vasculature of the SCP, DCP, CC, and MLC. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) sizes of the SCP and DCP in CYP4V2 and EYS groups, respectively, were larger than those in healthy individuals; PDs were associated with retinal function in each group. The CVI decreased to various degrees based on genotype and was associated with retinal function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with RP had decreased PDs in the retina and choroid. PDs correlated with specific genotypes and retinal functions. SS-OCTA may be a non-invasive method for detecting the severity of RP.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12288356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of ILM peeling vs. inverted ILM flap for macular hole closure and visual outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Reynaldo, Nadilla Garyudanefi, Puranto Budi Susetyo","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00707-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00707-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A macular hole (MH) is a retinal condition affecting the central macula, leading to progressive visual impairment. Pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling is the standard surgical treatment, while the inverted ILM flap technique has emerged as a promising alternative. However, the effectiveness of this technique was still debated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ILM peeling and inverted ILM flap for MH were identified through searches in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov in the last 15 years that compared ILM peeling and inverted ILM flap procedure. The primary outcome was anatomical closure, and the secondary outcome was visual acuity (VA) post-procedure. Data synthesis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4.1 with odds ratio (OR) for anatomical closure and mean difference (MD) for VA with 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical significance is achieved when the p-value is below 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve RCTs involving 719 patients were included. The inverted ILM flap showed superior anatomical closure (OR 0.28; 95% CI: 0.15-0.52; p < 0.0001). VA post-procedure, based on follow-up time (3-, 6-, and 12-month), revealed no statistically significant difference in visual outcomes. Sensitivity analyses confirmed anatomical and visual benefits of the inverted flap in large MHs (≥ 400 μm).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The inverted ILM flap technique offers better anatomical outcomes than ILM peeling, especially for larger MHs. Visual improvement is variable and may depend on MH chronicity and retinal recovery. Further high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12273303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term real-world effectiveness of faricimab on macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion.","authors":"Toshiaki Hirakata, Ai Toride, Kenta Ashikaga, Takanori Nakagawa, Fumihiro Hara, Yuta Nochi, Shutaro Yamamoto, Yoshimune Hiratsuka, Shintaro Nakao","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00703-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00703-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Faricimab, the new anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drug including a bispecific antibody targeting both VEGF-A and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), has emerged as a therapeutic option for macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and its efficacy has been demonstrated in randomized controlled trials (RCTs); however, reports on its use in clinical practice are still limited. This study was conducted to evaluate the real-world treatment outcomes of faricimab for macular edema secondary to RVO, managed with a single initial injection plus pro re nata (1 + PRN) approach in both treatment-naïve and previously treated patients who switched to this regimen.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study included patients diagnosed with branch or central RVO, who received intravitreal faricimab therapy following the 1 + PRN protocol. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty patients (17 naïve and 13 switched) were included. The number of IVF was 1.4 ± 0.7 and 2.4 ± 2.1, in the naïve and switch groups, respectively. The mean follow-up period was 3.7 ± 2.7 and 4.9 ± 2.9 months in the naïve and switch patients, respectively. Mean LogMAR BCVA improved in the naïve group from 0.30 ± 0.37 at baseline to 0.11 ± 0.20 (p = 0.01) at the final visit, while there was no significant difference between 0.45 ± 0.45 at baseline and 0.35 ± 0.37 at the final visit in the switch group (p = 0.19). CMT reduction was significant in both groups; from 442 ± 117 μm at baseline to 304 ± 57 μm at one month after final IVF (p < 0.0001) in the naïve group; and from 436 ± 170 μm at baseline to 285 ± 76 μm at one month after final IVF (p = 0.0002) in the switch group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 1 + PRN faricimab regimen improves vision and reduces macular edema with a reduced injection burden in patients with RVO. These findings validated the real-world efficacy of faricimab and supported its use as a viable therapeutic agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144642551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of subretinal proliferative vitreoretinopathy: case series and literature review.","authors":"Sukhum Silpa-Archa, Pawas Lalitwongsa","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00704-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00704-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To present the results of a simplified technique for removing subretinal proliferation bands (SPB) using membrane forceps and a vitrectomy aspiration cutter.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective interventional case series.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 241 eyes (241 patients), 31 (13%) had SPB detected preoperatively or intraoperatively and underwent pars plana vitrectomy with SPB removal using membrane forceps and an aspiration cutter. Of these 31 eyes, the most common PVR grade was C3 (39%), while the most severe was D1 (10%). 61% of eyes underwent a combined scleral buckling procedure, and all eyes were tamponaded intraoperatively. SPB was completely removed in 74% (23/31) of cases. Intraoperative complications were detected in 10% (3/31): retinal hemorrhage (2/31) and subretinal hemorrhage (1/31). 84% (26/31) had complete retinal reattachment after a median follow-up time of 10 (range, 2-32) months, and 74% (23/31) of patients reported an improvement in BCVA after surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Conclusions: For SPB removal, the use of an aspiration cutter can improve grasping of the band and its stump, reduce band fracturing, and minimize instrument exchanges during removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144642550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified two-needle technique of air/fluid exchange for in-office treatment of unhealed macular hole.","authors":"Jun Chen, Shiya Mai, Yayun Wang, Yi Yu, Mo Tian, Xuhui Yu","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00705-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00705-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and sterilized air tamponade is used to treat macular hole(MH). Unsuccessful closure of the macular hole may occur after PPV, some caused by insufficient air tamponade or incorrect position. In-office air-liquid exchange may be an option for these patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A modified two-needle method of air-fluid exchange in office is introduced. A 29-gauge needle is inserted 3.5-mm posterior to the limbus at 6 o'clock. A second 29-gauge needle with a 5mL syringe filled with sterile air is inserted 3.5-mm posterior to the limbus in the superotemporal quadrant or superonasal quadrant. The plunger of the air-filled syringe is pushed while liquid of vitreous cavity flows out of the 6 o'clock needle drop by drop, and the flow rate of the fluid changes with the injection pressure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The method approximates the conditions of air-fluid exchange in vitrectomy, and the air injection and liquid outflow are balanced by pressure naturally.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The modified two-needle method is an easy, safe, and effective in-office air-fluid exchange for the treatment of unhealed macular holes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limbal versus Pars plana extraction of posterior segment IOFBs using 23-gauge vitrectomy: anatomical and visual outcomes, and predictive factors for postoperative retinal detachment and poor visual prognosis.","authors":"Abbas A A Hashem, Ahmad S Khalil, Sherif A Dabour, Wael M El-Haig","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00701-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00701-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Retained posterior segment intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) present a surgical challenge with potential for serious complications, including retinal detachment (RD) and vision loss. While pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is the standard technique, there is no consensus regarding the optimal route for IOFB extraction, whether through a limbal incision or via the pars plana. This study aims to compare anatomical and visual outcomes between the two surgical approaches and to identify risk factors for postoperative RD and poor visual outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective comparative study included 51 eyes with retained posterior segment IOFBs and an attached retina at presentation. Patients were randomly assigned to IOFB extraction via either a limbal incision (n = 26) or a pars plana incision (n = 25), following 23-gauge PPV. All patients were followed for a median of 12 months. Primary outcomes included the incidence of postoperative RD recorded over the entire first postoperative year and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at one year. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of RD and poor visual outcome, defined as BCVA worse than 0.8 logMAR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postoperative RD developed in 8 eyes (15.7%): 2 eyes (7.7%) in the limbal group and 6 eyes (24%) in the pars plana group (P = 0.14). Impacted IOFB (P = 0.042) and longer foreign body diameter (P = 0.032) were independent predictors of RD. Both groups showed significant improvement in BCVA from baseline (P < 0.001), with no significant difference between groups at any follow-up point. Poor visual outcome was independently associated with longer wound length (P = 0.011) and preoperative VA ≤ 1.6 logMAR (P = 0.005). The route of extraction was not a significant predictor of anatomical or functional outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IOFB extraction via the limbus or pars plana using 23-gauge PPV provides comparable anatomical and visual outcomes. Impacted IOFBs and larger foreign bodies increase the risk of postoperative RD, while wound length and poor baseline visual acuity are strong predictors of poor final visual outcome. Early recognition of these predictors is important for optimizing surgical planning and patient counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analysis: long/short-term efficacy of anti-VEGF vs. panretinal photocoagulation in preventing severe complications in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.","authors":"Tiago N O Rassi, Lucas M Barbosa, Dillan Cunha Amaral, Ricardo N Louzada, Helvécio N F Filho, Guilherme N Marques, Breno C Vieira, Sobha Sivaprasad, Mauricio Maia","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00687-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00687-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies diverge on the relevance of long-term protection of anti-VEGF against severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) complications compared to pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP). We aim to assess this dispute through a meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases until August 2024 for studies comparing anti-VEGF with PRP in PDR. Primary outcomes were long-term and short-term incidences of VH, TRD, and PPV-setting short-term follow-up up to 2 years and long-term follow-up over 5 years. Due to a lack of consistent data, TRD events were not stratified by clinical severity. We also evaluated diabetic macular edema (DME) rates and changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT). We used R to pool risk ratios (RR) and weighted mean differences with a random-effects model, and appraised evidence certainty using the GRADE tool. PROSPERO CRD42024577668.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included eight studies with 12,812 eyes. Long-term data showed anti-VEGF reducing TRD (3.4% vs. 11.5%; RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.23-0.42; p = 0.001) with high certainty of evidence. However, PPV (7.8% vs. 9.4%; p = 0.116) and VH rates (11% vs. 18%; p = 0.38) did not differ, with moderate and low evidence certainty, respectively. In the short term, anti-VEGF demonstrated superiority in BCVA and CMT outcomes and reduced DME rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although anti-VEGF was associated with lower TRD rates in the long term, the absence of severity data and the lack of differences in PPV and VH raise questions about its clinical relevance. Long-term findings are limited to only two studies. Future research should stratify TRD by severity and include extended follow-up. In contrast, short-term outcomes consistently favored anti-VEGF for both visual and anatomical results.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated fluid monitoring to optimize the follow-up of neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients in the Brazilian population.","authors":"Virginia Mares, Gregor S Reiter, Aniel Feitosa, Markus Gumpinger, Hrvoje Bogunovic, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, Marcio B Nehemy","doi":"10.1186/s40942-025-00695-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40942-025-00695-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the efficacy of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based fluid monitoring tool in optimizing the monitoring of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients in a Brazilian cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective real-world study performed in a tertiary center in Brazil, including patients with nAMD. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) images were processed at baseline and over 2 years of follow-up. Demographic and clinical data were collected. A deep learning algorithm (Fluid Monitor, RetInSight, Austria) was used to automatically quantify intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF) and pigment epithelial detachment (PED). A longitudinal panel regression model and Log-Rank test were performed to assess the correlation between fluid volumes and treatment frequency, visual outcomes, macular atrophy (MA) and subretinal fibrosis (SF) development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-nine eyes from 84 patients were included. Fifty-eight eyes were treatment-naïve. Higher IRF and PED in the 6 mm area were correlated with worse visual outcomes over a 2-year follow-up (p = 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Higher IRF, SRF and PED were correlated with an increased risk of SF development (p < 0.001, p = 0.049 and p = 0.02 respectively). MA development showed no significant correlation with higher IRF, SRF nor PED in this analysis. Higher SRF volume correlated with a greater number of required intravitreal injections over 2-years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study investigates the multifaceted landscape of nAMD in a tertiary center in the Southeast Brazil using an AI-based fluid monitoring tool. Further studies that highlight the significance of using newly validated technologies across diverse populations worldwide will be of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":14289,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retina and Vitreous","volume":"11 1","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12232863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}