{"title":"Infrastructure for formal and dynamic verification of peripheral programming model","authors":"W. S. Encinas, Francisco Araújo, H. Abrahim","doi":"10.1109/LATW.2016.7483364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LATW.2016.7483364","url":null,"abstract":"Programming model is the abstraction of the operation of a digital peripheral, defining how the masters of the peripheral bus(es) (system processors, DMA engines, etc.) control and supervise the peripheral. It is typically implemented as a bank of registers, mapped into the bus address space and composed of bit-fields with distinct access policies. Due to its relevance and universality, a solution to automate the functional verification of its implementation is described in this paper. It is a non-proprietary solution based on industry standards, comprising a library with key properties for register banks and a method to automatically instantiate these properties for a particular peripheral, according to a register bank description database. This infrastructure is intended to be used both in static (exhaustive) and dynamic functional verification and not to be limited to functional verification of register banks. Examples on how to leverage this infrastructure for formal and simulation-based verification of other peripheral functionalities are presented. The conclusion describes our experiences using this solution, its limitations and future work.","PeriodicalId":135851,"journal":{"name":"2016 17th Latin-American Test Symposium (LATS)","volume":"290 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127258976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transforming nanodevices into nanosystems: The N3XT 1,000X","authors":"S. Mitra","doi":"10.1109/LATW.2016.7483329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LATW.2016.7483329","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The computing demands of future abundant-data applications far exceed the capabilities of today's electronics, and cannot be met by isolated improvements in transistor technologies, memories, or integrated circuit (IC) architectures alone. Transformative nanosystems, which leverage the unique properties of emerging nanotechnologies to create new IC architectures, are required to deliver unprecedented performance and energy efficiency. However, emerging nanomaterials and nanodevices face major obstacles such as inherent imperfections and variations. Thus, realizing working circuits, let alone transformative nanosystems, has been infeasible. The N3XT (Nano-Engineered Computing Systems Technology) approach overcomes these challenges through recent advances across the computing stack: (a) transistors using nanomaterials such as one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (and two-dimensional semiconductors) for high performance and energy efficiency, (b) high-density nonvolatile resistive and magnetic memories, (c) Ultra-dense (e.g., monolithic) three-dimensional integration of logic and memory for fine-grained connectivity, (d) new architectures for computation immersed in memory, and (e) new materials technologies and their integration for efficient heat removal. N3XT hardware prototypes represent leading examples of transforming scientifically-interesting nanomaterials and nanodevices into actual nanosystems. Compared to conventional approaches, N3XT architectures promise to improve the energy efficiency of abundant-data applications significantly, in the range of three orders of magnitude, thereby enabling new frontiers of applications for both mobile devices and the cloud.","PeriodicalId":135851,"journal":{"name":"2016 17th Latin-American Test Symposium (LATS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129179536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Petrosyants, L. Sambursky, I. Kharitonov, B. Lvov
{"title":"Fault simulation in radiation-hardened SOI CMOS VLSIs using universal compact MOSFET model","authors":"K. Petrosyants, L. Sambursky, I. Kharitonov, B. Lvov","doi":"10.1109/LATW.2016.7483350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LATW.2016.7483350","url":null,"abstract":"The methodology of modeling and simulation of environmentally induced faults in radiation hardened SOI CMOS ICs is presented. For this purpose, the universal compact SPICE SOI MOSFET model with account for TID, dose rate and single event effects is used. First, the model parameters extraction procedure is described in more details taking into consideration radiation effects and peculiarities of novel radiation-hardened (RH) SOI MOS structures. The results of analog and digital SOI CMOS circuits simulation show the difference with experimental data not more than 10-20% for all types of radiation.","PeriodicalId":135851,"journal":{"name":"2016 17th Latin-American Test Symposium (LATS)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134350317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Bartsch, Nico Rödel, Carlos Villarraga, D. Stoffel, W. Kunz
{"title":"A HW-dependent software model for cross-layer fault analysis in embedded systems","authors":"C. Bartsch, Nico Rödel, Carlos Villarraga, D. Stoffel, W. Kunz","doi":"10.1109/LATW.2016.7483356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LATW.2016.7483356","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of new microelectronic fabrication technologies new hardware devices are emerging which suffer from an intrinsically higher susceptibility to faults than previous devices. This leads to a substantially lower degree of reliability and demands further improvements of error detection methods. However, any attempt to cover all errors for all theoretically possible scenarios that a system might be used in can easily lead to excessive costs. Instead, an application-dependent approach should be taken, i.e., strategies for test and error resilience must target only those errors that can actually have an effect in the situations in which the hardware is being used. In this paper, we propose a method to inject faults into hardware and to formally analyze their effects on the software behavior. We describe how this analysis can be implemented based on a recently proposed hardware-dependent software model called program netlist. We show how program netlists can be extended to formally model the behavior of a program in the event of one or more hardware faults. First experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach.","PeriodicalId":135851,"journal":{"name":"2016 17th Latin-American Test Symposium (LATS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130796585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Martins, G. Medeiros, T. Copetti, F. Vargas, L. Bolzani
{"title":"Analyzing NBTI impact on SRAMs with resistive-open defects","authors":"M. Martins, G. Medeiros, T. Copetti, F. Vargas, L. Bolzani","doi":"10.1109/LATW.2016.7483345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LATW.2016.7483345","url":null,"abstract":"Density's increase in Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) has become an important concern for testing, since new types of defects that may occur during the manufacturing process are generated. In parallel, the increasing need to store more and more information has resulted in SRAMs that occupy the greatest part of Systems-on-Chip (SoCs). On the one hand, these manufacturing defects may lead to dynamic faults, considered one of the most important causes of test escape in deep-submicron technologies. On the other hand, the SRAM's robustness is considered crucial, since it may affect the entire SoC. In this context, one of the most important phenomena to degrade SRAM reliability is related to Negative-Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI), which causes memory cells' aging. In this context, the paper proposes to analyze the impact of NBTI in SRAM cells with weak resistive-open defects that can escape manufacturing test due to their dynamic behavior and, with aging, may become dynamic faults over time. The proposed combined analysis has been performed using SPICE simulations adopting a commercial 65nm CMOS technology library.","PeriodicalId":135851,"journal":{"name":"2016 17th Latin-American Test Symposium (LATS)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122310740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afef Kchaou, W. H. Youssef, R. Tourki, F. Bouesse, P. Ramos, R. Velazco
{"title":"A deep analysis of SEU consequences in the internal memory of LEON3 processor","authors":"Afef Kchaou, W. H. Youssef, R. Tourki, F. Bouesse, P. Ramos, R. Velazco","doi":"10.1109/LATW.2016.7483358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LATW.2016.7483358","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an analysis of the effects of Single Event Upset (SEU) into the internal memory of Aeroflex Gaisler LEON3 processor which is a 32-bit synthesizable processor based on SPARC V8 architecture implemented in an FPGA. A new software methodology allowing fault injection is explored and illustrated in order to classify the faulty behaviors while executing an AES benchmark. An exhaustive fault-injection campaign was performed to test the behavior of LEON3 processor.","PeriodicalId":135851,"journal":{"name":"2016 17th Latin-American Test Symposium (LATS)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116140119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Single Trojan injection model generation and detection","authors":"Harini Bhamidipati, D. Saab, J. Abraham","doi":"10.1109/LATW.2016.7483361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LATW.2016.7483361","url":null,"abstract":"Driven by cheaper fabrication facilities around the world, IC design houses are increasingly outsourcing the fabrication of their ICs. This poses the risk of intellectual property loss and to the possibility of design modifications and insertion of Trojans for sinister purposes. We present a Trojan modeling and test generation techniques for small and large Trojans. The quality of the generated test set is evaluated in term of its ability to detect modeled and un-modeled Trojans. We show experimentally that the derived tests detect all injected detectable Trojans.","PeriodicalId":135851,"journal":{"name":"2016 17th Latin-American Test Symposium (LATS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122826866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On automatic software-based self-test program generation based on high-level decision diagrams","authors":"Artjom Jasnetski, R. Ubar, A. Tsertov","doi":"10.1109/LATW.2016.7483357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LATW.2016.7483357","url":null,"abstract":"Software-Based Self-Testing (SBST) is a well-known non-intrusive method for testing microprocessors. This paper presents an approach for automatic SBST program generation, based on the methodology of using High-Level Decision Diagrams (HLDD) for modeling microprocessors and faults. The novelty of this approach is that Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) of the processor is the only needed input data for the automated test program generator.","PeriodicalId":135851,"journal":{"name":"2016 17th Latin-American Test Symposium (LATS)","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123073767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using traffic monitoring to tolerate multiple faults in 3D NoCs","authors":"A. Kologeski, H. C. Zanuz, F. Kastensmidt","doi":"10.1109/LATW.2016.7483341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LATW.2016.7483341","url":null,"abstract":"The main reason to invest in 3D circuits adoption is the possibility of decrease the wire length, replacing horizontal wires by shorter vertical through-silicon-vias (called of TSVs). As a consequence, a better performance is expected and other optimizations also can be obtained in comparison with planar technology. In relation to 3D circuits, the networks-on-chip (NoCs) receiving special attention because they are very used to provide efficient communication with wide parallelism. However, the development of 3D circuits is not trivial, being very common appear imperfections and manufacture problems, mainly in sensitive regions as the TSVs. Thus, the main contribution of this work is to allow the usability of the NoC in 3D circuits even in the presence of multiple defective TSVs, with minimal impact on the latency results. In this way, the behavior of the routing algorithm called Elevator-First, to tolerate defective TSVs, will be analyzed. In order to provide an appropriated alternative path to forward the traffic flow in the presence of multiple faulty TSVs, the use of traffic flow monitors has been proposed. The results obtained for the considered scenarios of simulation prove that the strategy can be very efficient, shown that is possible to improve more than 50% of latency in relation to the original algorithm evaluated without traffic flow analysis.","PeriodicalId":135851,"journal":{"name":"2016 17th Latin-American Test Symposium (LATS)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122833962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance evaluation of radiation hardened analog circuits based on Enclosed Layout geometry","authors":"G. Cardoso, T. Balen","doi":"10.1109/LATW.2016.7483351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LATW.2016.7483351","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an investigation on the performance impacts of employing Enclosed Layout Transistor (ELT) to the design of analog building blocks. A common-source (CS) amplifier is considered as case study, to which this layout technique is applied. SPICE simulations are performed, considering two different methodologies to estimate the effective aspect ratio (W/L) of the ELT devices. The extracted equivalent W/L using a commercial design tool is compared with a well-known mathematical model presented in the literature. The simulations were carried out considering three different channel lengths for the CS amplifier. The possibility of setting the transistor drain as the inner or outer terminal of the ELT was also investigated. According to the obtained results, considering a 0.18μm technology, there may be significant performance differences, both in the DC and AC behavior of the amplifier. Additionally, in order to improve the achievable aspect ratio range of square ELTs, we propose to use parallel and series associations of enclosed devices. Depending on the desired W/L, it is also possible to save silicon area with such associations.","PeriodicalId":135851,"journal":{"name":"2016 17th Latin-American Test Symposium (LATS)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130165046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}