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Current Directions in Psychological Science最新文献

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There Are Multiple Paths to Personalized Education, and They Should Be Combined 个性化教育有多种途径，应将它们结合起来
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1177/09637214241242459
Garvin Brod
{"title":"There Are Multiple Paths to Personalized Education, and They Should Be Combined","authors":"Garvin Brod","doi":"10.1177/09637214241242459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241242459","url":null,"abstract":"The ubiquity of digital devices has made it feasible to assign different tasks and levels of support to different learners, also in the classroom. Ideally, this is done with the help of formative assessment software or intelligent tutoring systems. However, personalized assignment of tasks and support levels by a teacher or teaching agent has limitations and is only one path to successful personalization. Self-regulated learning and adaptable learning activities, such as generative learning strategies and differentiating tasks, are promising paths to personalization, too, and combine well with personalized assignment. Initial examples of such combinations are presented. I argue that, in order to be maximally effective, different paths to personalized education need to be combined. This combination promises to boost both immediate learning outcomes and successful learning in the long term, and it is facilitated by recent advances in artificial intelligence.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Power of Numeric Evidence in Science Communication 科学传播中数字证据的力量
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/09637214241242465
Ellen Peters, Jon Benedik Bunquin
{"title":"The Power of Numeric Evidence in Science Communication","authors":"Ellen Peters, Jon Benedik Bunquin","doi":"10.1177/09637214241242465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241242465","url":null,"abstract":"Advantages and disadvantages exist for presenting numeric information in science communication. On the one hand, public innumeracy and experts’ concerns about providing numbers suggest not always showing them. On the other hand, people often prefer getting them, and their provision can increase comprehension, trust, and healthy behaviors while reducing risk overestimates and supporting decision-making autonomy. Presenting numeric facts without considering their comprehensibility and usability, however, is like throwing good money after bad. We summarize research concerning three theory-based strategies that improve the understanding and use of numbers by decreasing cognitive effort (e.g., doing the math for the audience), being consistent with principles of numeric cognition, and providing affective meaning.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140651926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intraindividual Conflicts Reduce the Polarization of Attitudes 个人内部矛盾会减少态度的两极分化
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/09637214241242452
Kai Sassenberg, Kevin Winter
{"title":"Intraindividual Conflicts Reduce the Polarization of Attitudes","authors":"Kai Sassenberg, Kevin Winter","doi":"10.1177/09637214241242452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241242452","url":null,"abstract":"Societies are increasingly divided about political issues such as migration or counteracting climate change. This attitudinal polarization is the basis for intergroup conflict and prevents societal progress in addressing pressing challenges. Research on attitude change should provide an answer regarding how people might be persuaded to move away from the extremes to take a moderate stance. However, persuasive communication often most strongly affects those who hold a moderate attitude or are undecided. More importantly, barely any research has explicitly aimed at mitigating extreme attitudes and behavioral tendencies. Addressing this gap, this article summarizes research demonstrating that (different types of) intraindividual conflicts might be a means to mitigate polarized attitudes. Goal conflicts, cognitive conflicts, counterfactual thinking, and paradoxical thinking facilitate cognitive flexibility. This, in turn, seems to initiate the consideration of alternative stances and mitigate the polarization of attitudes. We discuss the limitations of the existing research and the potential of this approach for interventions.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"239 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140651815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Representation of Giving Actions: Event Construction in the Service of Monitoring Social Relationships 给予行为的表征：事件建构为监控社会关系服务
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/09637214241242460
Denis Tatone, Gergely Csibra
{"title":"The Representation of Giving Actions: Event Construction in the Service of Monitoring Social Relationships","authors":"Denis Tatone, Gergely Csibra","doi":"10.1177/09637214241242460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241242460","url":null,"abstract":"Giving is a unique attribute of human sharing. In this review, we discuss evidence attesting to our species’ preparedness to recognize interactions based on this behavior. We show that infants and adults require minimal cues of resource transfer to relate the participants of a giving event in an interactive unit (A gives X to B) and that such an interpretation does not systematically generalize to superficially similar taking events, which may be interpreted in nonsocial terms (A takes X). We argue that this asymmetry, echoed in language, reveals the operations of a mechanism of event construction where participant roles are encoded only when they are crucial to rendering an action teleologically well-formed. We show that such a representation of giving allows people to monitor the direction (who gave to whom) and kind (what was given) of resource transfer within a dyad, suggesting that giving may be interpreted as indicative of a relationship based on long-term balance. As this research suggests, advancing the study of the prelinguistic representation of giving has implications for cognitive linguistics, by clarifying the relation between event participants and syntactic arguments, as well as social cognition, by identifying which kinds of relational inferences people draw from attending to acts of sharing.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140651886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Motivated Counterfactual Thinking and Moral Inconsistency: How We Use Our Imaginations to Selectively Condemn and Condone 动机性反事实思维与道德不一致：我们如何利用想象力有选择地谴责和宽恕他人
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1177/09637214241242458
Daniel A. Effron, Kai Epstude, Neal J. Roese
{"title":"Motivated Counterfactual Thinking and Moral Inconsistency: How We Use Our Imaginations to Selectively Condemn and Condone","authors":"Daniel A. Effron, Kai Epstude, Neal J. Roese","doi":"10.1177/09637214241242458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241242458","url":null,"abstract":"People selectively enforce their moral principles, excusing wrongdoing when it suits them. We identify an underappreciated source of this moral inconsistency: the ability to imagine counterfactuals, or alternatives to reality. Counterfactual thinking offers three sources of flexibility that people exploit to justify preferred moral conclusions: People can (a) generate counterfactuals with different content (e.g., consider how things could have been better or worse), (b) think about this content using different comparison processes (i.e., focus on how it is similar to or different than reality), and (c) give the result of these processes different weights (i.e., allow counterfactuals more or less influence on moral judgments). These sources of flexibility help people license unethical behavior and can fuel political conflict. Motivated reasoning may be less constrained by facts than previously assumed; people’s capacity to condemn and condone whom they wish may be limited only by their imaginations.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"439 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140608145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The New Psychology of Secrecy 新保密心理学
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1177/09637214241226676
Michael L. Slepian
{"title":"The New Psychology of Secrecy","authors":"Michael L. Slepian","doi":"10.1177/09637214241226676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241226676","url":null,"abstract":"Nearly everyone keeps secrets, but only recently have we begun to learn about the secrets people keep in their everyday lives and the experiences people have with their secrets. Early experimental research into secrecy sought to create secrecy situations in the laboratory, but in trying to observe secrecy in real time, these studies conflated secrecy with the act of concealment. In contrast, a new psychology of secrecy recognizes that secrecy is far more than biting our tongues and dodging others’ questions. Our secrets can consume mental space before and after concealment situations, and even the secrets that require no active upkeep can burden the secret keeper. The current article reviews recent insights into the many ways in which our secrets relate to personal and relational well-being and what follows from revealing our secrets.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140192746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hierarchical-Model Insights for Planning and Interpreting Individual-Difference Studies of Cognitive Abilities 层次模型对规划和解释认知能力个体差异研究的启示
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231220923
Jeffrey N. Rouder, Mahbod Mehrvarz
{"title":"Hierarchical-Model Insights for Planning and Interpreting Individual-Difference Studies of Cognitive Abilities","authors":"Jeffrey N. Rouder, Mahbod Mehrvarz","doi":"10.1177/09637214231220923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231220923","url":null,"abstract":"Although individual-difference studies have been invaluable in several domains of psychology, there has been less success in cognitive domains using experimental tasks. The problem is often called one of reliability: Individual differences in cognitive tasks, especially cognitive-control tasks, seem too unreliable. In this article, we use the language of hierarchical models to define a novel reliability measure—a signal-to-noise ratio—that reflects the nature of tasks alone without recourse to sample sizes. Signal-to-noise reliability may be used to plan appropriately powered studies as well as understand the cause of low correlations across tasks should they occur. Although signal-to-noise reliability is motivated by hierarchical models, it may be estimated from a simple calculation using straightforward summary statistics.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139938932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fostering Executive-Function Skills and Promoting Far Transfer to Real-World Outcomes: The Importance of Life Skills and Civic Science 培养执行功能技能，促进向现实世界的成果转化：生活技能和公民科学的重要性
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/09637214241229664
Philip David Zelazo, Destany Calma-Birling, Ellen Galinsky
{"title":"Fostering Executive-Function Skills and Promoting Far Transfer to Real-World Outcomes: The Importance of Life Skills and Civic Science","authors":"Philip David Zelazo, Destany Calma-Birling, Ellen Galinsky","doi":"10.1177/09637214241229664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214241229664","url":null,"abstract":"Executive-function (EF) skills are a set of attention-regulation skills that provide a neurocognitive foundation for adapting to changing circumstances across the life span; EF skills measured in childhood are associated with important real-world outcomes (e.g., school and job success). Although training can improve EF skills, the benefits of training frequently fail to transfer to these outcomes. We argue that EF skills are associated with outcomes such as school success only to the extent that they first contribute to intermediate-level EF-based life skills that are more directly instrumental in achieving key outcomes. These intentional intermediate-level skills are configurations of specific EF skills and non-EF skills that are used when reasoning and solving problems in a variety of domains. We further argue that an effective way to bridge the gap between specific EF skills and real-world outcomes is by training these EF-based life skills that people need to function effectively in society. We propose that this can best be achieved using a civic-scientific approach, engaging citizens (e.g., children, youth, parents, teachers) in the design process from the beginning so that interventions are responsive to perceived needs and address perceived obstacles to success and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139938978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Color Semantics in Human Cognition 人类认知中的色彩语义
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231208189
Karen B. Schloss
{"title":"Color Semantics in Human Cognition","authors":"Karen B. Schloss","doi":"10.1177/09637214231208189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231208189","url":null,"abstract":"People have associations between colors and concepts that influence the way they interpret color meaning in information visualizations (e.g., charts, maps, diagrams). These associations are not limited to concrete objects (e.g., fruits, vegetables); even abstract concepts, like sleeping and driving, have systematic color-concept associations. However, color-concept associations and color meaning (color semantics) are not the same thing, and sometimes they conflict. This article describes an approach to understanding color semantics called the color inference framework. The framework shows how color semantics is highly flexible and context dependent, which makes color an effective medium for communication.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":" 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138962480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does Too Much Closeness Dampen Desire? On the Balance of Closeness and Otherness for the Maintenance of Sexual Desire in Romantic Relationships 过于亲密会抑制欲望吗？论维持浪漫关系中性欲望的亲近感与疏离感之间的平衡
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231211542
A. Muise, Sophie C. Goss
{"title":"Does Too Much Closeness Dampen Desire? On the Balance of Closeness and Otherness for the Maintenance of Sexual Desire in Romantic Relationships","authors":"A. Muise, Sophie C. Goss","doi":"10.1177/09637214231211542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231211542","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual desire for a partner is a unique feature that distinguishes romantic relationships from other close relationships. Yet desire is one of the most fragile relationship elements, often declining over time. Research has shown that the relationship processes that foster closeness (i.e., overlap between the self and partner; interconnection) are associated with higher desire and help couples maintain desire over time. However, this work does not explain how many couples who are quite close and connected can also report low levels of desire. One perspective, mostly from clinical observations and interviews with couples, is that too much closeness in a relationship stifles desire. Here, we review the empirical evidence for the association between closeness (and related constructs) and sexual desire. From this review, we propose that higher closeness is associated with higher desire, and rather than too much closeness stifling desire, high closeness might be optimally linked to desire when paired with a sense of otherness (i.e., distinctiveness between partners that allows for new insights and acknowledgment of unique contributions). Future research refining the concept of “otherness” and considering the balance of closeness and otherness in relationships has the potential to provide new insights into sexual-desire maintenance.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138590148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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