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Current Directions in Psychological Science最新文献

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The Moral Psychology of Artificial Intelligence 人工智能的道德心理学
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231205866
A. Ladak, Steve Loughnan, Matti Wilks
{"title":"The Moral Psychology of Artificial Intelligence","authors":"A. Ladak, Steve Loughnan, Matti Wilks","doi":"10.1177/09637214231205866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231205866","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligences (AIs), although often perceived as mere tools, have increasingly advanced cognitive and social capacities. In response, psychologists are studying people’s perceptions of AIs as moral agents (entities that can do right and wrong) and moral patients (entities that can be targets of right and wrong actions). This article reviews the extent to which people see AIs as moral agents and patients and how they feel about such AIs. We also examine how characteristics about ourselves and the AIs affect attributions of moral agency and patiency. We find multiple factors that contribute to attributions of moral agency and patiency in AIs, some of which overlap with attributions of morality to humans (e.g., mind perception) and some that are unique (e.g., sci-fi fan identity). We identify several future directions, including studying agency and patiency attributions to the latest generation of chatbots and to likely more advanced future AIs that are being rapidly developed.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Development of Values in Middle Childhood: Five Maturation Criteria 儿童中期价值观的发展:五个成熟标准
1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231205865
Ariel Knafo-Noam, Ella Daniel, Maya Benish-Weisman
{"title":"The Development of Values in Middle Childhood: Five Maturation Criteria","authors":"Ariel Knafo-Noam, Ella Daniel, Maya Benish-Weisman","doi":"10.1177/09637214231205865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231205865","url":null,"abstract":"Values, abstract motivational goals—guides for the right and wrong, the desirable and undesirable—relate to many important attitudes and behaviors. Although meaningful understanding of values exists already at age 5, most developmental value research has focused on adolescence. Not enough is known about what happens to children’s values during middle childhood, the period between these two life stages. We propose five criteria for value maturation, reflecting key cognitive and social advances in this period: (a) that children’s value coherence increasingly reflects the motivational associations among values and that, with age, values become increasingly (b) abstract (c) consistent, (d) stable, and (e) related to behavior. Values undergo profound developmental changes during middle childhood indicating that, the importance of adolescence notwithstanding, middle childhood is crucial for value maturation.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"128 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cognitive Control in Schizophrenia: Advances in Computational Approaches 精神分裂症的认知控制:计算方法的进展
1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231205220
Deanna M. Barch, Adam J. Culbreth, Julia M. Sheffield
{"title":"Cognitive Control in Schizophrenia: Advances in Computational Approaches","authors":"Deanna M. Barch, Adam J. Culbreth, Julia M. Sheffield","doi":"10.1177/09637214231205220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231205220","url":null,"abstract":"Psychiatric research is undergoing significant advances in an emerging subspeciality of computational psychiatry, building on cognitive neuroscience research by expanding to neurocomputational modeling. Here, we illustrate some research trends in this domain using work on proactive cognitive control deficits in schizophrenia as an example. We provide a selective review of formal modeling approaches to understanding cognitive control deficits in psychopathology, focusing primarily on biologically plausible connectionist-level models as well as mathematical models that generate parameter estimates of putatively dissociable psychological or neural processes. We illustrate some of the advantages of these models in terms of understanding both cognitive control deficits in schizophrenia and the potential roles of effort and motivation. Further, we highlight critical future directions for this work, including a focus on establishing psychometric properties, additional work modeling psychotic symptoms and their interaction with cognitive control, and the need to expand both behavioral and neural modeling to samples that include individuals with different mental health conditions, allowing for the examination of dissociable neural or psychological substrates for seemingly similar cognitive impairments across disorders.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":" 921","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social Anxiety From the Perspective of Affiliation and Status Systems: Intrapersonal Representations and the Dynamics of Interpersonal Interaction 从属与地位系统视角下的社交焦虑:人际表征与人际互动动态
1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231202488
Eva Gilboa-Schechtman, Jonathan D. Huppert, Rivkah Ginat-Frolich
{"title":"Social Anxiety From the Perspective of Affiliation and Status Systems: Intrapersonal Representations and the Dynamics of Interpersonal Interaction","authors":"Eva Gilboa-Schechtman, Jonathan D. Huppert, Rivkah Ginat-Frolich","doi":"10.1177/09637214231202488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231202488","url":null,"abstract":"Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a highly prevalent and disabling disorder characterized by intrapersonal (self-related) and interpersonal (interaction-related) difficulties. We use the biobehavioral systems of affiliation and status as linchpins connecting intrapersonal and interpersonal bodies of knowledge to frame such difficulties. We suggest that the mismatch in self- and other perceptions contributes to misalignments in interaction patterns, such as reduced alignment (similarity-based complementarity or reciprocity) in affiliative contexts and enhanced alignment (contrastive complementarity) in status-related contexts. Such misaligned interaction patterns affect, in turn, self- and other perceptions of the interacting partners. In SAD, biased intrapersonal constructs and processes contribute to misaligned interpersonal dynamics, which in turn impact intrapersonal constructs, creating a vicious cycle. Future research should seek to combine individual-level and interaction-level data in affiliative and status-based contexts to enhance the understanding and treatment of SAD.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":" 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dehumanization: Beyond the Intergroup to the Interpersonal 非人化:从群体间到人际关系
1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231204196
Gery C. Karantzas, Jeffry A. Simpson, Nick Haslam
{"title":"Dehumanization: Beyond the Intergroup to the Interpersonal","authors":"Gery C. Karantzas, Jeffry A. Simpson, Nick Haslam","doi":"10.1177/09637214231204196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231204196","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two decades, there has been a significant shift in how dehumanization is conceptualized and studied. This shift has broadened the construct from the blatant denial of humanness to groups to include more subtle dehumanization within people’s interpersonal relationships. In this article, we focus on conceptual and empirical advances in the study of dehumanization in interpersonal relationships, with a particular focus on dehumanizing behaviors. In the first section, we describe the concept of interpersonal dehumanization. In the second section, we review social cognitive and behavioral research into interpersonal dehumanization. Within this section, we place special emphasis on the conceptualization and measurement of dehumanizing behaviors. We then propose a conceptual model of interpersonal dehumanization to guide future research. While doing so, we provide a novel review and integration of cutting-edge research on interpersonal dehumanization.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"20 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Privacy Preferences and the Drive to Disclose 隐私偏好和披露的驱动力
1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231196097
Erin Carbone, George Loewenstein
{"title":"Privacy Preferences and the Drive to Disclose","authors":"Erin Carbone, George Loewenstein","doi":"10.1177/09637214231196097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231196097","url":null,"abstract":"The literature on privacy-related behaviors and preferences often frames disclosure as strategic—the result of a weighing of costs and benefits and a pursuit of instrumental benefits rather than as a goal in and of itself. In the present article, we summarize evidence supporting the view that disclosure can exhibit drive-like qualities and that this “drive to disclose” can, at times, overwhelm the motive to maintain privacy. We discuss implications of this perspective, highlighting ways in which recognizing the existence of a drive to disclose can inform privacy research and policy making.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136069124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Romania’s Abandoned Children: The Effects of Early Profound Psychosocial Deprivation on the Course of Human Development 罗马尼亚的被遗弃儿童:早期深刻的社会心理剥夺对人类发展进程的影响
1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231201079
Charles A. Nelson, Nathan A. Fox, Charles H. Zeanah
{"title":"Romania’s Abandoned Children: The Effects of Early Profound Psychosocial Deprivation on the Course of Human Development","authors":"Charles A. Nelson, Nathan A. Fox, Charles H. Zeanah","doi":"10.1177/09637214231201079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231201079","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the impact that early psychosocial neglect has on the course of human development has implications for the millions of children around the world who are living in contexts of adversity. In the United States, approximately 76% of cases reported to child protective services involve neglect; worldwide, there are more than 150 million orphaned or abandoned children, including 10.5 million orphaned because of COVID-19. In much of the world, children without primary caregivers are reared in institutional settings. We review two decades of research based on the only randomized controlled trial of foster care as an alternative to institutional care. We report that children randomly assigned to continued care as usual (institutional care) suffer from persistent deficits in social, cognitive, and emotional development and show evidence of disruptions in brain development. By contrast, children randomly assigned to foster care show improvements in most domains of functioning, although the degree of recovery is in part a function of how old they were when placed into foster care and the stability of that placement. These findings have important implications for understanding critical periods in human development as well as elucidate the power of the psychosocial environment in shaping multiple domains of human development.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"65 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136262836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
When It Pays to Be Insincere: On the Benefits of Verbal Irony 当不真诚是值得的:论言语讽刺的好处
1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231205312
Valeria A. Pfeifer, Penny M. Pexman
{"title":"When It Pays to Be Insincere: On the Benefits of Verbal Irony","authors":"Valeria A. Pfeifer, Penny M. Pexman","doi":"10.1177/09637214231205312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231205312","url":null,"abstract":"Verbal irony is pervasive in social interaction, presumably because it can be used to achieve a number of communicative goals and effects. In general, verbal irony has a reputation for having negative effects, but in this article we present evidence for the cognitive, social, and emotional benefits of verbal irony and demonstrate the potential of this form of language to provide crucial psychological insights. The power of irony lies in its ability to create meaning that is in conflict with the literal meaning—thus altering our understanding of it and by doing so enhancing cognition, mediating emotions, or shaping social relationships.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"22 1-2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136318183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rethinking Attentional Habits 重新思考注意力习惯
1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231191976
Tamara Giménez-Fernández, David Luque, David R. Shanks, Miguel A. Vadillo
{"title":"Rethinking Attentional Habits","authors":"Tamara Giménez-Fernández, David Luque, David R. Shanks, Miguel A. Vadillo","doi":"10.1177/09637214231191976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231191976","url":null,"abstract":"Attentional habits acquired by visual statistical learning cause enduring biases toward specific locations. These habits, driven by recent search history, are thought to be independent of both goal-directed and stimulus-driven attentional mechanisms. This theoretical claim is based on three characteristics that these habits apparently exhibit, that is, they are inflexible, implicit, and efficient. We review methodological limitations in previous studies and briefly describe recent results that challenge this new framework. We conclude that it might be premature to assume that attentional habits are based on a special search history process that differs from the two traditionally recognized attentional mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135859132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ten things you should know about sign languages. 关于手语你应该知道的十件事。
IF 7.2 1区 心理学
Current Directions in Psychological Science Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1177/09637214231173071
Karen Emmorey
{"title":"Ten things you should know about sign languages.","authors":"Karen Emmorey","doi":"10.1177/09637214231173071","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09637214231173071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ten things you should know about sign languages are the following. 1) Sign languages have phonology and poetry. 2) Sign languages vary in their linguistic structure and family history, but share some typological features due to their shared biology (manual production). 3) Although there are many similarities between perceiving and producing speech and sign, the biology of language can impact aspects of processing. 4) Iconicity is pervasive in sign language lexicons and can play a role in language acquisition and processing. 5) Deaf and hard-of-hearing children are at risk for language deprivation. 6) Signers gesture when signing. 7) Sign language experience enhances some visual-spatial skills. 8) The same left hemisphere brain regions support both spoken and sign languages, but some neural regions are specific to sign language. 9) Bimodal bilinguals can code-blend, rather code-switch, which alters the nature of language control. 10) The emergence of new sign languages reveals patterns of language creation and evolution. These discoveries reveal how language modality does and does not affect language structure, acquisition, processing, use, and representation in the brain. Sign languages provide unique insights into human language that cannot be obtained by studying spoken languages alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":10802,"journal":{"name":"Current Directions in Psychological Science","volume":"32 5","pages":"387-394"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10568932/pdf/nihms-1892667.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41194158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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