Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications最新文献

{"title":"Phage endolysin–polyphosphate/alginate nanocomplexes inhibit staphylococcal biofilms for implant protection","authors":"Mariana Blanco Massani ,&nbsp;Dennis To ,&nbsp;David Gintsburg ,&nbsp;Lana Molnar ,&nbsp;Ilaria Polidori ,&nbsp;Susanne Meile ,&nbsp;Anna Seybold ,&nbsp;Burak Ünalan ,&nbsp;Débora C. Coraça-Huber ,&nbsp;Florentine Marx ,&nbsp;Martin J. Loessner ,&nbsp;Mathias Schmelcher ,&nbsp;Szczepan Zapotoczny ,&nbsp;Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Implant-associated infections caused by <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> remain a major challenge in orthopedic surgery due to their robust biofilm formation and resistance to conventional antibiotics.</div><div>We aimed to develop an alginate-based delivery system for peptidoglycan hydrolase–polyphosphate (PGH-PP) nanoparticles to prevent staphylococcal biofilm formation on implant surfaces. These nanoparticles incorporated two chimeric phage-derived endolysins, GH15 and M23. Formulations were screened for antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against staphylococcal species using low- and very low-viscosity alginate. The nanostructure of the delivery systems was analyzed via transmission electron microscopy and phosphate release assays. Biocompatibility with MC3T3 preosteoblasts and the formulation´s impact on bone development were evaluated. Efficacy in inhibiting biofilm formation by <em>S. epidermidis</em> 9142 and <em>S. aureus</em> ATCC 25923 was assessed both on orthopedic implant surrogates and in co-culture experiments with MC3T3 preosteoblasts.</div><div>Very low-viscosity alginate (0.625% w/v), in conjunction with a synergistic combination of M23-PP and GH15-PP, formed well-defined complex coacervates of approximately 350 nm (M23-PP/GH15-PP/VL alginate). The developed nanocomplexes effectively eradicated both bacterial species and further inhibited biofilm formation on implants, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. M23-PP/GH15-PP/VL alginate was biocompatible with MC3T3 preosteoblasts supporting its potential use in orthopedic applications. When MC3T3 cells were co-cultured with <em>S. epidermidis</em> or <em>S. aureus</em>, M23-PP/GH15-PP/VL alginate treatment led to an 8 log reduction in bacterial counts, with healthy mammalian cells proliferating in the absence of bacteria.</div><div>These results highlight the potential of M23-PP/GH15-PP/VL alginate as a biocompatible approach to preventing staphylococcal biofilm formation, mitigating the risk of implant-related bone infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101089"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan-based structures for targeting bacterial biofilm-associated genes","authors":"Shima Afrasiabi","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biofilms are a common lifestyle, in which bacteria grow as multicellular communities. The negative consequences of biofilms are well known. The targeted suppression of certain genes is a promising approach for combating biofilms. Chitosan (CS) has become a focus of biomedical research due to its antimicrobial activity and high biocompatibility. The modification of CS is an important aspect of CS research. The present review deals with the use of CS-based structures in combating bacterial biofilms, with a focus on biofilm-associated genes. CS or CS nanoparticles (NPs), CS functionally modified with natural compounds, metals or metal NPs, or as a drug delivery system are discussed. This review also presents various strategies to improve the performance of CS in biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems, wound healing, bone scaffolds, and dentistry. This knowledge collectively demonstrates the versatility of CS-based structures in disrupting biofilm formation by targeting biofilm-associated genes and provides valuable insights for the development of next-generation antibiofilm therapeutics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101077"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of tragacanth gum on physical and mechanical properties of fish collagen sponge for hemostatic dressing applications","authors":"Masoud Siaghi ,&nbsp;Zahra Nazemi ,&nbsp;Mahsa Janmohammadi ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Radmanesh","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fish skin collagen sponges represent a promising, cost-effective alternative for hemostatic agents, but are restricted by their low mechanical strength, stability, and adsorption capacity. To address these limitations, we incorporated tragacanth gum (TG) –a readily available polysaccharide in Iran– into the collagen matrix (Col), forming protein-polysaccharide hydrogels via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Various collagen-to-tragacanth gum ratios were explored, and physical hydrogels were converted into sponges using a freeze-drying process. Among the synthesized materials, the hybrid hydrogel with equal proportions (Col50–TG50) displayed optimal performance, with a gelation time approximately half that of the pure collagen hydrogel (67 s). Its water content peaked at 97% after 2 h, and the sponge reached an impressive swelling ratio of 300% within 160 s. Notably, Col50–TG50 maintained structural integrity over 10 days and retained 20% of its initial weight after 15 days. This hydrogel also achieved the high porosity (83%) and compressive strength (14 kPa), significantly outperforming the pure collagen control. Hemolysis tests confirmed excellent blood compatibility, with only 2.5% hemolysis within the acceptable biomedical range. In summary, Col50–TG50 sponges exhibit enhanced mechanical and hemostatic properties, highlighting their strong potential for clinical hemostatic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101095"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Honeybee (Apis mellifera) as a source of chitosan to enhance mechanical properties of moulded pulp egg boxes","authors":"Ulla Milbreta ,&nbsp;Georgios Iakovou ,&nbsp;Darja Aleksejeva ,&nbsp;Martins Andzs ,&nbsp;Pavels Avens ,&nbsp;Inese Filipova ,&nbsp;Konstantinos Triantafyllidis ,&nbsp;Laura Andze","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitosan has emerged as a sustainable alternative to fossil-fuel-based plastics. While typically sourced from crustaceans, this study investigated whether honeybee corpses from winter colony losses could serve as a source of chitin and subsequently chitosan for papermaking additives. Chitosan (deacetylation degree 87.77 ± 3.25%; molecular weight 22.70 kDa) was extracted and incorporated into wastepaper pulp to produce moulded egg boxes. The performance (tensile index and stretch at break) was compared with control wastepaper egg boxes, those containing crustacean chitosan, manufacturer-provided boxes, and commercial boxes containing synthetic additives. The honeybee chitosan-enhanced egg boxes exhibited one of the highest dry tensile indices (27.92 ± 1.37 N⋅m⋅g⁻¹) and the best wet stretch at break (2.98 ± 0.21%) among all groups. Furthermore, the boxes maintained a water contact angle of 110° for 10 min, outperforming the crustacean chitosan and manufacturer boxes. Although an initial process simulation indicates that a dedicated biorefinery is not viable due to high water and harsh chemical consumption, the protocol optimisation for recycling and wastewater management is feasible. Despite techno-economic challenges, the study demonstrates that honeybee-derived chitosan is an effective papermaking additive, highlighting its potential to transform waste into a valuable material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101099"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan-ZnS nanocomposite hydrogel beads to combat multi-drug-resistant pathogens","authors":"Rajashree Sahoo ,&nbsp;Monalisha Padhiary ,&nbsp;Chandra Sekhar Tripathy ,&nbsp;Kanhu Charan Behera ,&nbsp;Subrata Senapati ,&nbsp;Santosh Kumar Behera ,&nbsp;Naresh Chandra Bal ,&nbsp;Sanghamitra Pati ,&nbsp;Sangram Keshari Samal","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extensive use/misuse of antibiotics is a key factor for the rapid rise and global spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which now pose a major threat to public health. This situation necessitates the development of innovative, biocompatible, and sustainable antimicrobial materials capable of overcoming the limitations of traditional drug-based therapies. Chitosan (CS), a cationic polymer, is an excellent candidate for various medical applications; however, its antimicrobial activity alone may be insufficient against broad-spectrum pathogens. Therefore, in this study, CS-ZnS nanocomposite hydrogel beads were successfully synthesized that demonstrated excellent antibacterial, anti-biofilm properties, as well as suppression of metabolic activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative MDR bacterial pathogens. In addition, the hydrogel beads showed significant antioxidant property and demonstrated hemocompatibility. The morphology of this composite was characterized using SEM and TEM, revealing Zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoflakes sized 8 to 10 nm. The structural properties were evaluated using XRD, Raman, and FTIR spectroscopy. The findings of this study were further supported by <em>in silico</em> analysis, which demonstrated strong interactions with target proteins, including MecA in <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and oxacillin-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamase in <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. This CS-ZnS system represents a novel, sustainable, and cost-effective biotherapeutic material with potential applications in combating MDR pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101078"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellulose-based hyperbranched polyvinylamine adsorbent for efficient and rapid removal of Cr (VI)","authors":"Jiarui Wang ,&nbsp;Fan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaona Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Dong ,&nbsp;Hang Jiang ,&nbsp;Yungang Bai ,&nbsp;Kun Xu ,&nbsp;Pixin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of natural polymer-based materials for the efficient and rapid removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) from water remains a persistent global challenge. In this study, hyperbranched polyvinylamine (H-PVAm₁) was prepared via copolymerization and hydrolysis using N-vinylformamide (NVF) and the branching agent dipentaerythritol hexaallyl ether (DPHAE, 1 wt% relative to NVF) as raw materials. Subsequently, using epichlorohydrin (ECH) as the crosslinking agent, H-PVAm₁ was grafted onto the surface of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) to obtain the functionalized cellulose adsorbent H-PVAm₁−MCC. Benefiting from the high primary amine content and three-dimensional branched structure of H-PVAm₁, H-PVAm₁−MCC exhibited high primary amine density (19.06 mmol/g), high specific surface area (13.5 m²/g), and good salt resistance. The maximum adsorbed amount of H-PVAm₁−MCC for Cr (Ⅵ) reached 538 mg/g, which was higher than that of most reported amine-modified cellulose-based adsorbents. Moreover, H-PVAm₁−MCC exhibited rapid Cr (VI) adsorption kinetics, even at low concentrations (1 ppm). Within 2 min of adsorption, the residual Cr (VI) concentration satisfied the WHO drinking water guideline (≤0.05 ppm). Even in the presence of coexisting ions, H-PVAm₁−MCC maintained a high Cr (VI) removal rate. Moreover, H-PVAm₁−MCC exhibited good stability, maintaining 90% adsorbed amount after eight adsorption-desorption cycles. This study provides a strategy for the further development of cellulose-based Cr (VI) adsorbents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101098"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A synthetic 6-O-sulfated glycopolymer induces tissue iron accumulation via competitively inhibiting the hepcidin/FPN1 axis","authors":"Zhujie Xu ,&nbsp;Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Jingxiao Chen ,&nbsp;Bangjun Wen ,&nbsp;Youjia Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly sulfated heparin-like glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been closely linked to disrupted iron homeostasis, yet no studies have employed site-specific sulfation modifications of GAGs to develop macromolecular compounds capable of modulating iron metabolism. Based on preliminary research, our team designed and synthesized an glycopolymer with 6-O-sulfated GlcNAc. <em>In vitro</em> administration experiments demonstrated that 6-O-sulfated glycopolymer significantly inhibits hepcidin-mediated internalization and degradation of ferroportin 1 (FPN1) on macrophage membranes, reducing cellular iron storage— an effect superior to that of conventional HS. Following CY5-labeled 6-O-sulfated glycopolymer administration <em>in vivo</em>, fluorescence tracking revealed broad tissue distribution, including abdominal organs and cortical bone. Meanwhile, 6-O-sulfated glycopolymer markedly decreased serum hepcidin level, increased serum ferritin concentration, and induced significant iron accumulation in the liver and bone cortex, while results from HE staining of hepatic, splenic, and renal tissues confirmed its biological safety. Computational docking, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay, and cellular thermal shift assay-western blot (CETSA-WB) further demonstrated high-affinity binding between 6-O-sulfated glycopolymer and hepcidin. These findings establish the 6-O-sulfate group as the critical functional moiety in HS-mediated systemic iron regulation, where 6-O-sulfated glycopolymer competitively inhibits the hepcidin/FPN1 axis to activate macrophage iron efflux, ultimately promoting tissue iron accumulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101073"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aqueous Kabachnik -Fields synthesis of HMF-functionalized chitosan for thermally-stable LBL coatings on cotton fabrics","authors":"M. Checa,&nbsp;P.J. Arauzo,&nbsp;A. Kruse","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the Kabachnik-Fields (KF) reaction between chitosan, diethyl phosphite (DEP) and biorefinery-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to produce chitosan-diethyl phosphite-HMF (CDH) derivatives for thermally-stable coatings. The effect of reaction temperature on the structure, phosphorus incorporation and thermal properties of the CDH-RT (room temperature), CDH-60 (60 °C), CDH-80 (80 °C) and CDH-100 (100 °C) products was investigated using FTIR, elemental analysis, ICPOES and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in air. KF modification increased chitosan's initial thermal stability (T₅: 65 to 84-104 °C), promoted early char formation through an intumescent mechanism and enhanced residue stability at 930 °C (max. 32.4 wt %). To assess LBL coating compatibility, CDH products were applied to cotton fabrics (3 bilayers with phytic acid). Mass gain depended on KF temperature, with cotton-CDH-60/PA showing optimal incorporation (34.4 %). Synergy factors calculated from normalized TGA residues confirmed positive char-promoting effects for all CDH formulations (cotton-CDH-60/PA: 226.6 %). These results establish HMF-chitosan aminophosphonates as a promising platform for sustainable, thermally-protective cotton fabric coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101107"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reversible photoactivation of 4-methylumbelliferone in carboxymethyl cellulose self-standing films under LED irradiation","authors":"V. Andrews ,&nbsp;R. Montecinos ,&nbsp;E. Ortega ,&nbsp;O. Ramirez ,&nbsp;S. Bonardd ,&nbsp;Caterina Quezada ,&nbsp;D. Diaz Diaz ,&nbsp;A. Leiva ,&nbsp;C. Saldias","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellulose-derived materials capable of reversible optical responses are attractive for sustainable light-responsive technologies. Here, we demonstrate the reversible photoactivation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films containing 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) under alternating UV-A/UV-C LED irradiation. The films show robust switching of absorbance through reversible [2+2] cycloaddition, maintaining performance over multiple cycles without fatigue. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that CMC provides a highly connected free-volume network and strong 4MU–polymer interactions that promote efficient photodimerization, in contrast to cellulose acetate (CA), whose weaker supramolecular environment results in slower kinetics and reduced reversibility. Complementary thermal and AFM analyses confirm light-induced structural reorganization in CMC/4MU films, while a preliminary life cycle assessment highlights their lower environmental footprint. Overall, CMC/4MU emerges as a promising sustainable platform for reversible light-responsive materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101108"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfate alginatemicroparticles for controlled release of water-soluble drugs","authors":"Arezu Rahmanian ,&nbsp;Sanaz Alizadeh ,&nbsp;Mohsen Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Tayyeb Ghadimi ,&nbsp;Mohamad Pezeshki-Modaress","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2026.101094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfated derivatives of alginate represent a promising class of carbohydrate-based biopolymers with tunable physicochemical and biological properties. In this study, sodium alginate (SA) and sodium sulfate alginate (SSA) were combined at different ratios (SA90:SSA10, SA70:SSA30, and SA50:SSA50) to fabricate mafenide acetate–loaded microparticles via a water-in-oil emulsion crosslinking technique. The influence of sulfate substitution on microparticle morphology, drug release kinetics, antibacterial behavior, and cytocompatibility was systematically investigated. The optimized SA50:SSA50 formulation exhibited uniform spherical morphology, enhanced surface roughness, and a markedly controlled drug release profile, releasing approximately 65% of mafenide acetate over 28 days. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of sulfate–alginate interactions and successful drug incorporation, while AFM revealed nanoscale surface heterogeneity favoring drug adsorption. Furthermore, SA50:SSA50 microparticles demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against <em>Escherichia coli</em>and <em>S. aureus</em> and excellent fibroblast compatibility. These findings highlight the crucial role of alginate sulfation in tailoring drug diffusion and antibacterial performance, providing a versatile carbohydrate-based platform for controlled drug delivery and wound healing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 101094"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}