Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications最新文献

{"title":"Interaction of Nanofibrillated cellulose with lignin nanoparticles: Effects on CNF-LNP composite properties.","authors":"Andrea Andrade ,&nbsp;Johairo Nuñez ,&nbsp;Sergio Henríquez-Gallegos ,&nbsp;Camilo Torres ,&nbsp;Alejandro Mendez-Miranda ,&nbsp;Esteban Valenzuela-García ,&nbsp;Gregory Albornoz-Palma ,&nbsp;Isidora Ortega-Sanhueza ,&nbsp;Oscar Valerio ,&nbsp;L.F Montoya ,&nbsp;Miguel Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignin nanoparticles (LNP) possess unique properties that make them attractive for interaction with cellulose nanofibers (CNF). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of LNP addition on the morphological, mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of CNF-LNP nanocomposites. Aqueous CNF suspensions with varying LNP concentrations (1 %, 5 %, and 10 % w/w) were prepared, and their rheological, structural, optical, mechanical, thermal, and spectroscopic properties were characterized. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the progressive incorporation of LNP into the CNF matrix, with increased absorbance in the aromatic (∼1510 cm⁻¹) and carbonyl (∼1700 cm⁻¹) bands, reflecting significant interactions between CNF and LNP. Thermal analysis (TGA) revealed that adding 5 % LNP improved the thermal stability of CNF-LNP nanocomposites, increasing the maximum degradation temperature (Tmax) from 213.1 °C to 227.3 °C.</div><div>The nanocomposite films were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), tensile tests, contact angle analysis, and spectrophotometry. An optimal 5 % LNP concentration enhanced the film properties, increasing tensile strength from 89.7 MPa to 139.7 MPa and raising the water contact angle from 24.5° to 68.3°, significantly reducing hydrophilicity. Additionally, the films demonstrated exceptional UV-blocking capabilities, achieving over 99.5 % protection against UVA and UVB radiation, highlighting potential for applications in sustainable and multifunctional materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100651"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing the role of ginger starch on physicochemical and thermal properties of gum Arabic hybrid biocomposite for food packaging applications","authors":"Olarewaju M. Oluba ,&nbsp;Tinuola O. Owoso ,&nbsp;Ayodele O. Bayo-Olorunmeke ,&nbsp;Georgina O. Erifeta ,&nbsp;Sunday J. Josiah ,&nbsp;Samuel I. Ojeaburu ,&nbsp;Nagaraj Subbiah ,&nbsp;Thanikaivelan Palanisamy","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assesses the impact of ginger starch (S) on the physicochemical and thermal attributes of gum arabic (GA) hybrid biocomposites for food packaging applications. Two composite blends of GA and S at different GA-S, 29:1 (v/v) and GA-S, 28:2 (v/v) concentrations were developed and examined. Standard techniques were used to analyze moisture content, thickness, transparency, water solubility (WS), water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength, elongation at break (EB), surface microstructure, functional groups, and thermal stability of the biocomposite films. The results showed that the film's moisture content, thickness, transparency, tensile strength, and EB increased by 33.4, 47.1, 22.6, 18.8 and 26.6 %, respectively, in GA-S (28:2) compared to GA-S (29:1). Conversely, WS and WVP decreased by 13.0 and 28.6 %, respectively, in the GA-S (28:2) compared to GA-S (29:1) biocomposite film. The biocomposite films' morphology became less smooth with higher starch content. FTIR spectra indicated intermolecular interactions between GA and S, while SEM and thermal analyses (TGA and DSC) confirmed good compatibility and thermal stability. When coated on tomatoes, the GA-S biocomposites improved storage stability for 20 days at 25±2 °C due to reduced lycopene content and low cell wall softening enzyme activity. These results highlight ginger starch's potential to enhance GA films for postharvest tomato storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100650"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing chitosan for zinc and hydroxychloroquine delivery, interactions with fibronectin, and antibacterial activity","authors":"Anju Manuja,&nbsp;Juhi Nagra,&nbsp;Dharvi Chhabra,&nbsp;Kanish Manuja ,&nbsp;Monika Sihag,&nbsp;Minakshi Prasad,&nbsp;Balvinder Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide derived from chitin, has gained attention for its dual role as an effective delivery method and as an antibacterial agent. Chitosan was selected as an efficient carrier for zinc (Zn) and hydroxychloroquine (HC) due to its ability to mitigate their adverse effects. The nanocarrier helps prevent harmful impacts on the host, with chitosan's biocompatible and biodegradable nature making it an ideal choice. Fibronectin, a glycoprotein extensively found in extracellular fluids and matrices of various tissues, serves as a common target for many microorganisms. Molecular docking studies revealed that the Zn, HC and Chitosan inhibit the fibronectin protein of <em>Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species.</em> We developed a novel formulation combining chitosan, zinc oxide, and hydroxychloroquine to enhance the delivery of Zn and HC. The formulation was characterized using TEM, elemental analysis, particle size analyzer and FTIR. Fluorescent microscopy using FluoZin-3 on bacterial cultures confirmed the presence of zinc on the surface of the organisms. Further, we investigated successfully its antibacterial effects against <em>Streptococcus equi</em>. ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) excel in bacterial inhibition but are limited by cytotoxicity. In contrast, the Ch-ZnHC Complex, slightly less potent, offers a safer profile for host cells. Despite containing trace zinc, it effectively inhibits bacterial growth, likely due to a synergistic interaction between chitosan, zinc, and HC. This balance of antimicrobial efficacy and low toxicity makes the Ch-ZnHC Complex ideal for applications demanding prolonged exposure or higher safety standards. This study is the first to explore the inhibitory activity of this complex against <em>S. equi</em>, emphasizing its potential as a safe and effective alternative to traditional antibiotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100647"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methionine-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-chitosan magnetic nanocomposite: A multifunctional organocatalyst for green heteroannulation of imidazoles","authors":"Mohammad G. Dekamin ,&nbsp;Mohammad Dohendou ,&nbsp;Danial Namaki ,&nbsp;Zahra Dehnamaki ,&nbsp;Suranjana V. Mayani","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Straightforward procedure for the preparation of a novel magnetic decorated DL-methionine amino acid grafted onto the chitosan backbone using EDTA linker (CS−EDTA−MET@Fe₃O₄) is described. The supramolecular CS−EDTA−MET@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite was properly characterized using FTIR, EDX, XRD, FESEM, TGA, DTA and VSM methods. The obtained CS−EDTA−MET@Fe₃O₄ nanomaterial was then investigated, as a multifunctional heterogeneous organocatalyst, to promote the heteroannulation of a wide range of imidazoles through multicomponent reactions strategy. The three- and four-substituted imidazole derivatives, as an important pharmaceutical scaffold, were smoothly synthesized from benzoin or benzil, different aldehyde derivatives, and NH₄OAc as well as aromatic or aliphatic amine derivatives in EtOH. The CS−EDTA−MET@Fe₃O₄ nanocatalyst exhibited high catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability to promote the multi-component condensations. The key advantages of the present protocol are high to excellent yields, the use of a low loading renewable, bio-based and biodegradable chitosan- as well as amino acid-based nanomaterial, and simple procedure for the preparation of CS−EDTA−MET@Fe₃O₄ nanomaterial. In addition, the catalyst's properties including its magnetic properties and appropriate surface area characteristics contribute to its excellent catalytic performance. Furthermore, the CS−EDTA−MET@Fe₃O₄ nanocatalyst can be used for up to six cycles in the synthesis of imidazole derivatives with only a slight decrease in its catalytic activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100638"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of key factors on the quality of birefringent microfigure printing using cellulose nanocrystals","authors":"Mahboubeh Mehmandoust Kotlar ,&nbsp;Mahdi Mashkour ,&nbsp;Hossein Yousefi ,&nbsp;Mehdi Tajvidi","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the optimization of printing conditions for birefringent microfigures (BMFs) using surface tension-directed assembly of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) ink. Using CNCs derived from cotton (CCNC) and bacterial cellulose (BCNC), aqueous three-component PVA-based inks were developed to print high-precision BMFs on embossed copper molds. Key parameters—including CNC and PVA concentrations, CNC aspect ratio, solvent evaporation temperature, and mold surface topography—were thoroughly studied to determine the optimal printing conditions. Results demonstrated that increasing CNC content reduced ink viscosity, leading to significant improvements in print quality, which peaked at an optimal concentration. However, beyond these optimal values, excessive CNC content and higher temperatures adversely affected print clarity. The highest quality of BMFs was achieved when the solvent evaporation temperature was set at 80 °C, using a PVA concentration of 5 wt% and a CCNC-to-PVA ratio of 6 wt%. A quantitative framework was developed to assess print quality via polarized light microscopy, utilizing four control indicators. This study demonstrates the potential of surface tension-directed assembly of CNC/polymer ink for the high-fidelity production of BMFs, emphasizing potential applications in optical devices and advanced material design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100646"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the thickness of Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast on purification and final properties of bacterial cellulose","authors":"Federica Daus ,&nbsp;Devis Montroni ,&nbsp;Laura Pesavento ,&nbsp;Martina Bruschi ,&nbsp;Anna Liguori ,&nbsp;Maria Letizia Focarete","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The valorization of Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY), an underutilized by-product of Kombucha fermentation, through a purification procedure has opened up possibilities for using bacterial cellulose in various applications. However, the impact of SCOBY thickness on properties and purity of bacterial cellulose post-purification remains unexplored. This study demonstrates the correlation between SCOBY thickness and the properties of resulting bacterial cellulose, thereby contributing to the expansion of its application range. The study examines four SCOBY samples of varying thicknesses, all subjected to the same purification process. This process utilized an optimized concentration of SCOBY in purification and washing solutions to ensure complete immersion of the samples while minimizing the environmental impact. As the SCOBY thickness increased, changes in morphology were observed, which influenced rehydration and mechanical properties, transitioning the material from rigid (Young modulus = 2572 ± 661 MPa) to soft (Young modulus = 282±140 MPa). Both the Bicinchoninic acid and Bradford assays confirmed the successful purification of all bacterial cellulose samples, as no proteins were detected. Thermogravimetric analysis supported these findings, also suggesting a higher concentration of fermentation residues in the thickest samples. This observation highlights the need to adapt the purification method based on SCOBY thickness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100645"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous screening and quantitation of human milk oligosaccharides by liquid chromatography—Mass spectrometry","authors":"Víctor Navarro-Esteve ,&nbsp;Anna Zöchner ,&nbsp;Marta Roca ,&nbsp;Anna Parra-Llorca ,&nbsp;Alba Moreno-Giménez ,&nbsp;Laura Campos-Berga ,&nbsp;María Jesús Vaya ,&nbsp;Máximo Vento ,&nbsp;Pilar Sáenz González ,&nbsp;María Gormaz ,&nbsp;Isabel Ten-Doménech ,&nbsp;Julia Kuligowski ,&nbsp;Guillermo Quintás","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most abundant solid component in human milk (HM) and play a vital role in shaping the gut-microbiota and modulating neonatal immunity. Despite identifying 162 HMOs, clinical research primarily focused on a few. High throughput methods that encompass a broader range of HMOs for clinical studies remain limited. This study aimed to develop a novel method for simultaneously quantifying seven key HMOs (i.e., 2′-fucosyllactose, 3′-sialyllactose, 6′-sialyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose I, lacto-N-difucohexaose I, disialyllacto-N-tetraose), and screening a broad HMO panel. The method utilizes hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in polarity switching mode, and MS/MS annotation against the NIST Milk Oligosaccharide MS Library. Analysis of 40 HM samples pre- and post-pasteurization identified 110 HMOs. Additionally, the use of Feature-Based Molecular Networking for novel HMO structure identification is introduced. However, higher MSⁿ fragmentation dimensions and complementary analytical techniques are necessary to enhance annotation confidence, structural assignments, and standardize HMO isolation. These findings highlight the diversity of HMOs and suggest implications for HM banks, where HMO profiles and maternal secretor phenotypes of donors are often unexamined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100644"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encapsulated urolithin B–methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex: Synthesis, characterization, in vivo pharmacokinetics with hypolipidemic effect","authors":"Chang Liu,&nbsp;Chao He,&nbsp;Qing Zeng,&nbsp;Dengqun Liao,&nbsp;Xianen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urolithin B (UB) has significant health benefits, including a hypolipidemic effect, but its poor water solubility limits its bioavailability and pharmacological activities. In order to increase UB's water solubility, we used cyclodextrin complexation to prepare UB–methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex (UB–M-β-CD). Our result showed that water solubility of UB in inclusion complex was about 0.3 µg/mL, which was increased by 3875 folds than pure UB. <em>In-vivo</em> pharmacokinetic studies showed the enhanced UB content in rat plasma and the improved bioavailability with UB–M-β-CD. In hyperlipidemic hamsters, UB–M-β-CD reduced body weight and organ fat accumulation more effectively than UB alone. Both UB and UB–M-β-CD decreased serum lipid levels except that of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Meantime, UB–M-β-CD reversed hepatic bile acid dysregulation better than UB. Further comprehensive analysis revealed that UB–M-β-CD had the superior effects on hyperlipidemia, suggesting that cyclodextrin complexation enhances the therapeutic potential of UB in modulating liver lipid metabolism. Our results indicate that UB–M-β-CD has the great potentials in treatment of hyperlipidemia and related metabolic disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100636"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whey protein-chitosans complexes as sustainable and value-added biomaterials for wound healing","authors":"Daiana Ianev ,&nbsp;Barbara Vigani ,&nbsp;Caterina Valentino ,&nbsp;Milena Sorrenti ,&nbsp;Laura Catenacci ,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Bonferoni ,&nbsp;Marco Ruggeri ,&nbsp;Giuseppina Sandri ,&nbsp;Michela Mori ,&nbsp;Silvia Rossi","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic wounds are globally a leading cause of morbidity, and the associated healthcare costs for wound care have become a billion-dollar burden. Both natural and synthetic biomaterials, either individually or in combination, have been extensively investigated for their healing properties. The formation of protein-polysaccharide complexes through non-covalent interactions relies on the distinct physicochemical properties of the biomacromolecules involved, as well as a range of environmental factors. The present study focuses on developing sustainable, high-value biomaterials starting from food industry by-products, specifically whey protein isolate (WPI) and chitosan (CS), to be used in the design of scaffolds intended for the treatment of skin lesions. The quaternary CS derivative N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC), characterized by a high solubility in a wide pH range, was also considered. Mixtures based on CS/TMC and WPI were prepared and thoroughly characterized, considering thermal treatment, polymer MW, and pH as variables. Two different grades of CS were considered: medium (MCS) and low MW (LCS); and three different experimental conditions were analyzed: (i) denaturation of WPI alone by thermal treatment; (ii) thermal treatment of the mixture; (iii) no thermal treatment. <em>In vitro</em> studies were performed to assess biocompatibility and antioxidant activity of the complexes formed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that complexes based on CS or TMC with WPI are produced and characterized as biomaterials intended for wound healing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100643"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan/hydroxyapatite hydrogels for localized drug delivery and tissue engineering: A review","authors":"Khashayar Khodaverdi ,&nbsp;Seyed Morteza Naghib ,&nbsp;M.R. Mozafari ,&nbsp;Mehdi Rahmanian","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bone defects arising from fractures and degenerative bone diseases present a substantial global health issue, highlighting the need for effective solutions in bone tissue engineering. Chitosan-hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) composites have emerged as highly promising biomaterials, owing to their biocompatibility, osteoconductive, and suitability for targeted drug delivery. This review examines recent progress in the synthesis, structural properties, and applications of CS/HA composites, along with an analysis of their limitations and potential avenues for enhancement. CS/HA scaffolds are typically fabricated through advanced techniques, including freeze-drying, electrophoretic deposition, and 3D printing. These allow for customized porosity and controlled biodegradation rates that promote cell proliferation and facilitate tissue integration. While effective for non-load-bearing applications, CS/HA hydrogels encounter limitations related to mechanical strength and degradation rates under high-stress conditions, especially when compared to newer materials such as graphene and bioactive glasses. Incorporating bioactive metals (e.g., magnesium, copper) and biodegradable polymers (e.g., PLA, PGA) has shown potential for enhancing mechanical stability and enabling controlled drug release. Additionally, the integration of 3D and 4D printing technologies facilitates the production of patient-specific scaffolds with adjustable pore structures, supporting improved cell adhesion and growth. The development of “smart” CS/HA scaffolds, which respond dynamically to environmental stimuli, further extends the potential for controlled therapeutic agent release, advancing personalized tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Ongoing research focused on optimizing degradation rates and enhancing scaffold-tissue integration is essential for broadening the clinical applicability of CS/HA composites in bone regeneration. This review underscores the future potential of CS/HA composites and advocates for continued innovation in scaffold design to address the complex requirements of bone tissue engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100640"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}