M Mohinur Rahman Rabby , Md.Mahmudur Rahman , Bijoy Chandra Ghos , Md.Abdul Gafur , Md. Al-Amin , Shamim Dewan , Md.Ashraful Alam , Md.Ismail Hossain
{"title":"Production of CNC from agro-waste biomass (maize shells) as a potential reinforcement in bio-nanocomposites: Extraction, modification, and characterization study","authors":"M Mohinur Rahman Rabby , Md.Mahmudur Rahman , Bijoy Chandra Ghos , Md.Abdul Gafur , Md. Al-Amin , Shamim Dewan , Md.Ashraful Alam , Md.Ismail Hossain","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellulose nano crystal (CNC) has been considered as multifunctional biopolysaccharide due to its outstanding properties and biodegradable nature. CNC was derived from agro-waste namely maize shells by different treatment like soaping, alkali treatment, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis. Maize shells were chosen as it is considered a waste material that has no use rather burning. While burning of these releases exposes a considerable amount of environmentally airborne pollutants which are responsible for global warming. However, the properties of the extracted CNC were characterized by using FTIR-ATR, XRD,TGA,DTA,DTG, FESEM, DLS, UV–vis-NIR, and Zeta-potential analysis. The removal of hemicellulose and lignin were expelled from CNC asserted by FTIR-ATR. FESEM was used to capture microstructure and surface morphology. TGA/DTA/DTG was used for measurement of thermal stability. Phase composition, crystal structure/exact atomic position were analyzed by XRD measurement. The CNC was found more thermal stability (exposing 40 % residual mass at 600 °C), high crystallinity index (76.09±0.91 %) with good structural purity and smaller particle size around 100 nm along with negative zeta potential. Due to these outstanding properties the newly produced CNC could be beneficially used as a potential reinforcement in bionanocomposite fabrication for various uses in biomedical, industrial, and engineering sectors for the development of sustainable environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100671"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced properties of chitosan-PVA nanocomposite films with lemongrass oil microcapsules","authors":"Melahat Daeialiakbar , Shima Yousefi , Weria Weisany","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The need for sustainable antimicrobial packaging has driven research into biodegradable materials that extend shelf life and reduce reliance on synthetic additives. This study developed biocomposite films using chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), enhanced with lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Different concentrations of LGEO (5 %-20 % w/w) and CNCs (0.5 %-1.5 % w/w) were systematically evaluated for their effects on the films' mechanical, antimicrobial, and physicochemical properties. The results showed that incorporating CNCs and LGEO significantly improved antimicrobial efficacy and hydrophobicity, as reflected in reduced water vapor permeability and increased water contact angles. Films with higher CNC concentrations (1.5 %) exhibited reduced water solubility and swelling due to enhanced crosslinking and crystallinity, while lower concentrations resulted in higher values. Over time, all samples displayed weight loss, pH increases, and reduced moisture, titratable acidity, and firmness, alongside color changes indicated by a decline in the L* index and an increase in the a* index. Optimized films outperformed cellophane in maintaining physicochemical stability and reducing microbial spoilage of cherry tomatoes during storage. These findings underscore the potential of CNC- and LGEO-enriched CS/PVA biocomposite films as eco-friendly, effective packaging solutions for extending the shelf life of perishable foods while addressing plastic waste issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100668"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Wildy , Qiangjun Hao , Wanying Wei , Duc Huy Nguyen , Kai Xu , John Schossig , Xiao Hu , David Salas-de la Cruz , Dong Choon Hyun , Zhihong Wang , Ping Lu
{"title":"Tunable chemotherapy release using biocompatible fatty acid-modified ethyl cellulose nanofibers","authors":"Michael Wildy , Qiangjun Hao , Wanying Wei , Duc Huy Nguyen , Kai Xu , John Schossig , Xiao Hu , David Salas-de la Cruz , Dong Choon Hyun , Zhihong Wang , Ping Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Localized stimuli-responsive delivery systems for chemotherapy drugs have the potential to revolutionize therapeutic outcomes by offering greater selectivity, thereby reducing systemic side effects and bolstering patient benefits. In this work, ethyl cellulose (EC) nanofibers were prepared using electrospinning, encapsulating both doxorubicin HCl (DOX) and Rhodamine B (RhB) as representative hydrophilic chemotherapy and model drugs, respectively, and lauric acid (LA) as a biocompatible phase change material (PCM). <em>In vitro</em> release profiles demonstrated a distinct temperature-dependent release pattern: a noteworthy 27 % increase in release for DOX at pH 7.4 at 40 °C compared to 37 °C after 96 h Additionally, the release mechanism of DOX showcased pronounced pH sensitivity, evidenced by an increase of 41 % in release after 96 h at pH 4 when the temperature was increased from 37 °C to 40 °C, combined with a noticeable reduction of burst release. Furthermore, cytotoxicity assay indicated the prolonged efficacy of the DOX-embedded nanofibers, underscoring their therapeutic potential. Advanced analytical techniques, such as DSC, XRD, and FTIR, revealed an amorphous state of the drugs and a harmonious PCM integration. Our EC drug delivery system (DDS) demonstrated potential for targeted, stimuli-responsive DOX release, which could revolutionize its traditional administration, particularly in post-surgical scenarios to prevent tumor recurrence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100670"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farideh Hydari , Amir Sh. Saljooghi , Atena Naeimi
{"title":"Carboxymethyl cellulose/copper complex/Rhazya stricta bio-nanocomposite based on barley stem wastes for anticancer and biomimetic catalytic application","authors":"Farideh Hydari , Amir Sh. Saljooghi , Atena Naeimi","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molecular weight and degree of substitution of extracted sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) from barley stem wastes were assessed. A novel bio-nanocomposite, CMC/Cu@RS, was developed in the presence of CMC, a copper complex, and <em>Rhazya stricta</em>. This bio-nanocomposite was characterized by techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible spectroscopy, and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The anticancer properties of <em>Rhazya stricta</em>, Paclitaxel, and the CMC/Cu@RS bio-nanocomposite were evaluated against the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 using the MTT assay. The cytotoxicity of the CMC/Cu@RS bio-nanocomposite was significantly lower compared to <em>Rhazya stricta.</em> Additionally, the cellular uptake of the CMC/Cu@RS bio-nanocomposite by MCF-7 cells was investigated through fluorescence microscopy. It seems that the nanocomposite was absorbed and penetrated the cancer cells. The catalytic activity of bio-nanocomposite was considered as a nano-catalyst for the oxidation of alcohols using hydrogen peroxide in aqueous conditions. The excellent conversions and selectivities were gained in this green strategy. This straightforward synthesis of the nanocomposite from agricultural waste, coupled with its significant anticancer and catalytic activities, underscored its potential for both the environmentally friendly processes and the sustainability initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100667"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Histidine-tagged dialdehyde cellulose nanoparticles to study the co-treatment effect of curcumin and 3-methyladenine on HepG2 cells","authors":"Sheyda Sharifi , Effat Alizadeh , Sevil Vaghefi Moghaddam , Fereshteh Rahdan , Roya Herizchi , Leila Alidoust , Parvaneh Keshavarz","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The anticancer effects of curcumin (CUR) against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells have been well-documented. However, poor solubility limits its use in clinical practice. Natural delivery systems could help to overcome this restriction and reduce adverse effects on normal cells during cancer therapy. Besides, modification of carriers by amino acids can enhance their potential to enter and release payloads. For instance, histidine (His) not only induces pH responsivity but also protonated His inside the endosomes will possibly undergo endosomal bump and release of cargos in tumor cells. In addition, the small molecule 3-methyladenine (3-MA) has been reported to influence tumor control by altering autophagy in cells. This study intended to develop a pH-responsive nanocarrier based on dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance the bioavailability and controlled release of CUR in HepG2 cells. Also, we add 3-MA to the culture media to evaluate their synergistic effect and autophagy inhibition. The physicochemical evaluations of NPs and the release kinetics studies showed proper fabrication as well as controlled and smart release of CUR from NPs. We found that combining CUR/DAC<img>His with 3-MA could stimulate autophagy and had a synergistic effect on HepG2 cells (<em>p</em> < 0.05) while representing negligible toxic effects on normal fibroblasts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100664"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lamia A. Siddig , Ashraf Ali , Shaikha S. Al Neyadi , Yaser E. Greish , Stefan Wuttke , Saleh T. Mahmoud
{"title":"Acetone gas sensor based on chitosan-metal-organic framework mixed matrix membranes for diabetes diagnosis","authors":"Lamia A. Siddig , Ashraf Ali , Shaikha S. Al Neyadi , Yaser E. Greish , Stefan Wuttke , Saleh T. Mahmoud","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Detecting diabetes in its early stages through non-invasive methods remains a major challenge for researchers. One promising approach involves the development of a rapid and sensitive chemiresistive sensor to measure acetone levels in exhaled breath-a potential biomarker for diabetes. In this study, we successfully fabricated a novel composite sensor comprising chitosan, a linear polysaccharide, combined with a metal-organic framework (UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> MOF) and the ionic liquid glycerol. This combination enhances the film-forming properties of the material, leveraging the MOF's high surface area and selective adsorption capabilities for superior performance.</div><div>The sensor was designed to detect acetone through chemiresistive sensing and demonstrated remarkable response to acetone concentrations as low as 1 ppm. Operating at a low temperature of 60 °C with a bias voltage of 4 V, the sensor exhibited excellent functionality even in high-humidity environments. Furthermore, it showed good repeatability, long-term stability, and fast response and recovery times of 23 ± 0.25 s and 18 ± 0.1 s, respectively.</div><div>These characteristics make the sensor suitable for biomedical applications. Its flexibility and eco-friendly design further underscore its potential as a real-time breath analyzer for diabetes detection. The results of this study suggest a promising pathway for future clinical implementation of this technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100661"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transparent, flexible, and glycerol-free TEMPO-oxidized starch/montmorillonite nanocomposites with high mechanical strength and high anti-UV properties","authors":"Chun-Nan Wu, Hsi-Mei Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transparent, flexible, and glycerol-free 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-oxidized starch (OS) films were first successfully prepared using the TEMPO/NaClO/NaClO<sub>2</sub> system. The OS05 film (degree of oxidation 5 %, ∼33 μm in thickness) exhibited high transparency (89–91 % light transmittance at 400–700 nm), superior mechanical properties (Young's modulus of 1.6 GPa, tensile strength of 42.4 MPa), anti-UV property (light transmittance <26 % at 200–275 nm), and low water vapor permeability (1.81 × 10<sup>–10</sup> g m<sup>–1</sup> s<sup>–1</sup> Pa<sup>–1</sup>). After incorporating 2.5 % montmorillonite (MMT) to form the OS05M2.5 composite film, transparency was maintained, and all other properties improved, particularly Young's modulus (1.8 GPa) and anti-UV property (<16 %). XRD results show the <em>d</em>-spacing of MMT nanoplatelets increased from ∼1 to ∼1.9 nm after combining with OS, indicating successful intercalation of OS molecules into MMT interlayers, consistent even with 10 % MMT content. The effective modulus of MMT nanoplatelets in the OS matrix was determined to be 18.5 GPa. Based on the experimental evidence, the biodegradable OS05 and OS05M2.5 films are promising candidates for transparent packaging materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100663"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recyclable nano-CuI immobilized on UiO-66-NH2 coated with porous sodium alginate-polysulfonamide for synthesis of phenols","authors":"Samaneh Koosha , Ramin Ghorbani-Vaghei , Sedigheh Alavinia","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Buchwald-Hartwig reaction for phenol synthesis is an important tool in organic chemistry, offering a reliable and versatile method for constructing aryl ether linkages, which are prevalent in many natural products, pharmaceuticals, and advanced materials. This research presented a recyclable environmentally-friendly catalyst for the synthesis of phenols from the reaction of aryl halides and sodium hydroxide. For this purpose, we synthesized porous functionalized sodium alginate based polymer (porous sodium alginate-polysulfonamide, SA-PS) immobilized on the surface of UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> (UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub>@SA-PS). Finally, copper iodide nanoparticles were then introduced, resulting in the formation of UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub>-supported porous sodium alginate-polysulfonamide-copper iodide nanocatalyst (UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub>@SA-PS/CuI). Successful functionalizations were confirmed through FT-IR and XRD analyses. FESEM images revealed spherical sodium alginate particles and TEM analysis indicated a core-shell structure. ICP data confirmed the anchoring of 0.67 mol% of copper iodide. The nanocatalyst UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub>@SA-PS/CuI demonstrated exceptional performance in Buchwald-Hartwig reaction, facilitating high product yields in the cross-coupling of various aryl halides, and sodium hydroxide under mild conditions. Furthermore, the catalyst displayed the ability to be reused up to six times without significantly reducing productivity, proving its environmental friendliness and sustainability in promoting the creation of C<img>O bonds in organic synthesis. This versatile nanocatalyst holds promising for efficient and economically viable catalysis in diverse chemical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100665"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inclusion complex of water-soluble arbutin with β-cyclodextrin: Computer modeling and experimental studies","authors":"Narin Paiboon , Supawan Rujipairoj , Suvimol Surassmo , Uracha Rungsardthong Ruktanonchai , Sarunya Phunpee , Saba Ali , Nitchakan Darai , Thanyada Rungrotmongkol , Apinan Soottitantawat","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A water-soluble arbutin was investigated for its potential to form an inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Molecular modeling tests confirmed that arbutin can be accommodated within the cavity of β-CD primarily through Van der Waals forces rather than electrostatic interactions. The structure of the arbutin-β-CD inclusion complex was characterized using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (<sup>1</sup>H NMR). The inclusion complex prepared at a mole ratio of 1:1 (arbutin: β-CD) exhibited the highest encapsulation efficiency at 43.72 %. The study findings affirm that encapsulation of arbutin within β-CD does not reduce its inherent antioxidant activity and its inhibitory effects against tyrosinase enzyme activity. Moreover, the complexation of arbutin with β-CD resulted in a notably slower release rate, indicating the role of β-CD in modulating substance release kinetics. Furthermore, encapsulation of arbutin within β-CD demonstrated a reduction in hydrolysis from arbutin to hydroquinone by <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em>, highlighting the potential of the inclusion complex to mitigate enzymatic conversion processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100662"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cu(II) supported on crosslinked chitosan-cellulose beads as efficient and recyclable catalysts for oxidative self-coupling of amines to imines","authors":"Waranya Limprasart , Jariyaporn Sangkaworn , Sirichok Paosopa , Soraya Pornsuwan , Thanthapatra Bunchuay , Jonggol Tantirungrotechai","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2024.100660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address environmental and sustainability goals, catalytic processes must be efficient, economical, and practical. Chitosan-supported metal catalysts face challenges in mechanical strength and chemical stability, which can be improved by crosslinking and blending with cellulose. This study developed Cu(II) supported crosslinked chitosan-cellulose beads as a cost-effective and sustainable catalyst for green synthesis of imines, focusing on mechanical robustness to extend catalyst lifetime. The catalyst beads were prepared by mixing medium molecular weight chitosan and microcrystalline cellulose in HCl solution (2:1 w/w), crosslinking with 0.17 wt.% glyoxal, and depositing copper using 30 mM Cu(OAc)<sub>2</sub> solution. The interactions between Cu(II) ions and the crosslinked chitosan-cellulose matrix were investigated. The Cu(II) species formed a stable square planar geometry, coordinating with oxygen and nitrogen donor atoms in the crosslinked matrix. The resulting structure combined the strength of cellulose with the chemical stability provided by glyoxal crosslinking, outperforming pure chitosan in mechanical strength and stability. The Cu/chitosan-cellulose beads catalyzed the oxidative self-coupling of amines to imines (14 examples), achieving yields of 45–97 % and retaining activity over 13 cycles with simple separation and recycling. Therefore, this Cu-based catalyst, with its robust structure and bead form, is a promising option for sustainable and efficient synthesis of imines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100660"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}