Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications最新文献

{"title":"Sequential fermentative production, physicochemical, and prebiotic properties of purified neokestose using Daw longan (Dimocarpus longan L. cv. Daw) as the sole substrate","authors":"Nalapat Leangnim ,&nbsp;Kraikit Utama ,&nbsp;Padchanee Sangthong ,&nbsp;Kridsada Unban ,&nbsp;Suphat Phongthai ,&nbsp;Punnita Pamueangmun ,&nbsp;Chartchai Khanongnuch ,&nbsp;Apinun Kanpiengjai","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neokestose is the shortest chain fructooligosaccharide possessing prebiotic properties. The aims of this research were to develop a simple fermentation process for the production and purification of neokestose using longan fruit pulp extract (LFPE) as simple fermentation medium. LFPE was fermented by <em>Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous</em> TISTR 5730. Once the fermentation process attained maximal neokestose content, prior to being sequentially fermented by <em>Candida orthopsilosis</em> FLA44.2, the fermentation broth was heated to inactivate the cells and 6G-fructofuranosidase, thereby establishing the selective removal of simple sugar residues from the produced neokestose. Induction of seed inoculum by sucrose for both <em>X. dendrorhous</em> TISTR 5730 and <em>C. orthopsilosis</em> FLA44.2 helped shorten the time-consuming process for neokestose production and purification, respectively. Under optimal conditions, neokestose content of 104.86 ± 2.30 g/L and a purity value of 98.3 % were produced from LFPE. After partial decolorization, deodorization, and concentration, the neokestose appeared as yellow to amber in color and possessed the physicochemical properties of syrup. Moreover, it was resistant to simulated gastrointestinal conditions and was fermentable by the tested probiotics. Due to its sweetness, prebiotic properties, and a reduction in calories, the resulting neokestose could be considered a beneficial multifunctional syrup, particularly for people diagnosed with obesity and diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100951"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradable active packaging films based on methyl cellulose/chitosan nanofibers and turnip peel carbon dots for perishable food preservation","authors":"Behnam Bahramian ,&nbsp;Reza Abedi-Firoozjah ,&nbsp;Arezou Khezerlou ,&nbsp;Narges Kiani-Salmi ,&nbsp;Neshat Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Mahmood Alizadeh Sani ,&nbsp;Elham Assadpour ,&nbsp;Ali Ehsani ,&nbsp;Milad Tavassoli ,&nbsp;Seid Mahdi Jafari","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Active food packaging system extends the longevity of products and preserves their quality by incorporating functional additives. In this study, the transparent and multifunctional composite films from methylcellulose/chitosan nanofibers (MC/ChNFs) matrix were produced via casting method by adding carbon dots (CDs) prepared using turnip peel bio-waste (TPCDs; 1, 3, and 5 wt%). Here, TPCD was incorporated into biopolymeric films to provide improved physic-mechanical, microstructural, and functional properties. TPCD is well dispersed in MC/ChNFs matrix, and each moiety is hydrogen bonded with the other. Thus, the incorporation of TPCDs 3 wt% into the films reduced water vapor permeability (3.4 → 2.9 × 10⁻¹¹ g.m/m².s.Pa), moisture content (36.62 % → 21.77 %), and water solubility (56.12 % → 39.12 %), while tensile strength (22.56 → 28.05 MPa), elongation at break (42.57 % → 49.14 %), and water contact angle (46.6°→ 50.6°) presented the opposite trend. In contrast, the film containing 5 wt% TPCDs had slightly lower physic-mechanical properties. The biopolymer films containing higher TPCDs (5 wt%) indicated favorable functional properties, including good antimicrobial activity against <em>S. aureus</em> (21 mm) and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (15 mm) strains, which arises from the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by TPCDs, effectively inhibiting microbial growth. The proposed films also indicated excellent antioxidant properties (DPPH•; 88 %) and proper UV protection (96 %), contributing to extended shelf life and quality preservation of packaged food in real application. The application of films in real food packaging showed that 5 wt% TPCDs-rich MC/ChNFs film maintained the freshness and visual quality of APPLE up to 5 d at 4 °C. Also, the film containing 5 % TPCDs increased the shelf life of minced red meat up to 8 d Therefore, this active film is an environmentally friendly packaging that increases safety, durability, and quality of perishable foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100950"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional investigation of “drug–excipient unification” of natural polysaccharide nanocarriers: A new paradigm from drug delivery to adjuvant therapy","authors":"Huan Yang ,&nbsp;TianBao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuan Ma ,&nbsp;FengYu Wang ,&nbsp;Rui Yu ,&nbsp;JunZi Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concept of “drug–excipient unification” involves replacing or reducing traditional excipients with components that possess pharmacological activity, thereby simultaneously enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxicity. This concept can be effectively implemented in pharmaceutical formulation design. Polysaccharides, as natural biomacromolecules, exhibit remarkable dual functionality. They possess diverse pharmacological properties, including immunomodulation, anti-tumour activity and anti-inflammatory responses. Furthermore, polysaccharides have superior excipient properties. For instance, they enhance biocompatibility, ensure controlled biodegradability, possess efficient drug-loading capacity and exert stabilisation effects. With recent advancements in nanotechnology, polysaccharide based nanopharmaceutics and nano-delivery carriers have emerged as key areas of research. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the pharmacological effects and excipient features of various polysaccharides and systematically expounds on their applications in nanocarriers. The findings are expected to advance the use of polysaccharides within the framework of drug–excipient unification theory. Ultimately, this review provides a theoretical basis and serves as a practical reference for modern pharmaceutics to achieve safer and more personalised treatment regimens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100949"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transglutaminase-modified whey protein/nanocrystalline cellulose composite films: glycerol plasticization optimization and cheese packaging application","authors":"Wei Gong,&nbsp;Tao Zhang,&nbsp;Fang Qian,&nbsp;Guangqing Mu,&nbsp;Shujuan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To overcome the limitation of bio-based packaging films in terms of mechanical/ barrier properties and preservation of freshness in high-fat foods. This study explored the effect of glycerol content (40 %, 45 %, 50 %, 55 % and 60 %) on the properties of whey protein concentration (WPC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) composite films and evaluated the effect of transglutaminase (TGase)-modified WPC-based versus commercial polyethylene films (PE film) on the freshness of cheese. The results showed that the WPC-NCC composite film exhibited superior mechanical and barrier properties at a glycerol content of 45 % in comparison to other concentrations. The tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EAB) of the WPC-NCC composite film were 1.89 MPa and 26.4 %, respectively, and the water vapor permeability (WVP) reached 3.29 × 10⁻¹² gmPa⁻¹s⁻¹m⁻². Structure analysis revealed that the ordered structure of proteins decreases with the increase of glycerol content, and the α-helix content decreased from 11.19 % to 7.1 %. WPC-NCC-TG film was comparable to PE film for cheese preservation within 30 days of storage. The WPC-NCC-TG film effectively inhibited lipid oxidation, delayed the decline of pH, and color deterioration. The WPC-NCC film was modified by TGase provided theoretical and technical support for the development of high-performance bio-based cheese packaging films.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100945"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyaluronic acid-coated magnetic solid lipid nanoparticles for cancer-targeted delivery of gemcitabine and imaging agent","authors":"Aniseh Motamedifar ,&nbsp;Hossein Ghafouri ,&nbsp;Nina Alizadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyaluronic acid-coated magnetic solid lipid nanoparticles were formulated for targeted delivery of gemcitabine (Gem) and imaging agents. For this purpose, gemcitabine and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were encapsulated within solid lipid nanoparticles (Gem-Mag-SLNs) and optimized by a definitive screening design (DSD). Then, optimized Gem-Mag-SLNs were coated with hyaluronic acid (HA/Gem-Mag-SLNs) for targeted delivery to tumor cells overexpressing CD44. The physicochemical characterization of prepared nanoparticles was performed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential analysis, determination of drug entrapment efficiency (EE), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The HA/Gem-Mag-SLNs exhibited a particle size of 133.8 ± 7.3 nm, a negative zeta potential of -71.4 ± 0.3 mV, and an EE of 20.02 ± 2.31 %. Furthermore, magnetic measurements confirmed the superparamagnetic behavior of the HA/Gem-Mag-SLNs. The <em>in vitro</em> release studies of Gem from HA/Gem-Mag-SLNs indicated a slow and sustained release profile. The HA/Gem-Mag-SLNs demonstrated greater potency in inhibiting the growth of MDA-MB-231 cancer cells compared to Gem-Mag-SLNs and free Gem, showing improved targetability to tumor cells. Therefore, our results indicate the potential of the HA/Gem-Mag-SLNs as suitable nanoplatforms for cancer-targeted therapy and imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100946"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ anchoring an Ag-based metal-organic framework onto carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel film: A potential bio-platform for antibiotic-free wound dressing","authors":"Amin Hashemi Aghdam,&nbsp;Siamak Javanbakht,&nbsp;Reza Mohammadi","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An efficient method for preventing bacterial infections of wounds is to prepare an antibacterial agent with the right mechanical, antibiotic, and water vapor permeability features. In this work, a novel method was applied to develop a nanocomposite bio-platform by in-situ anchoring of silver-based metal-organic frameworks (Ag-MOFs) onto the carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogel film. In this regard, CMC films were prepared using citric acid and glycerol as a crosslinker and plasticizer, respectively. Subsequently, Ag-MOFs were synthesized directly on the film surface via immersion-coordination of Ag⁺ ions with 2-aminoterephthalic acid, eliminating the need for additional stabilizers. Various techniques (i.e., FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX-mapping, AFM, etc.) were utilized that verify the successful synthesis of CMC/Ag-MOF nanocomposite. The results of in-vitro cytotoxicity and antibacterial assays demonstrated that the CMC/Ag-MOF nanocomposite exhibited acceptable cytocompatibility, maintaining cell viability above 60 % at a concentration of 8 mg/mL against human skin fibroblast cells (HFF-2). Moreover, it showed significantly enhanced antibacterial performance, with inhibition zones against <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em> increasing by approximately 66.7 % and 87.5 %, respectively, compared to the pure CMC film. The obtained results recommended CMC/Ag-MOF hydrogel films as a potential antimicrobial dressing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100943"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144678760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction and characterization of cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals from the stalks of Marrubium vulgare plant","authors":"Muhammad Naveed Khan ,&nbsp;Aftab Ahmad ,&nbsp;Noor Rehman ,&nbsp;Seda Kelestemur ,&nbsp;Muhammad Tariq ,&nbsp;Abdul Khaliq Jan ,&nbsp;Shujaat Ahmad ,&nbsp;Dorthe M. Eisele ,&nbsp;Wajid Syed ,&nbsp;Mahmood Basil A Al-Rawi","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we report on how cellulose and nanocellulose can be extracted and prepared, respectively, from the <em>Marrubium vulgare</em> plant by employing environmentally friendly multistep chemical procedures. These multistep procedures include soxhlet extraction, alkaline treatment, and entirely chlorine-free bleaching methods. Specifically, soxhlet extraction is employed for the removal of pectin, cutin, waxes and other extractives, while alkaline treatment is employed to eliminate hemicellulose and lignin and, finally, bleaching methods are utilized for the delignification of the cellulosic biomaterial. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) provided evidence on successful elimination of hemicellulose, lignin, and other non-cellulosic material. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed crystallinity of the extracted cellulosic material; hence the Segal method was utilized to determine the level of crystallinity of 63.58±5 %. Additionally, the Scherrer equation was employed to determine the thickness of the crystals of about 32.5 ± 10 Å. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed the cellulosic materials’ thermal degradation behavior. Lastly, the acid hydrolysis of cellulosic material with sulfuric acid led to the formation of nanocellulose as characterized via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was observed that the extracted nanocellulose exhibited an average length of 409.3 ± 0.42 nm and width of 55.7 ± 0.36 nm with an average aspect ratio of 7.34 ± 0.05.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100947"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Static and dynamic behavior of loose sand and silty sand treated with guar and agar gums (Micro and macro study)","authors":"Parviz Maleki ,&nbsp;Mehdi Gharib ,&nbsp;Saman Soleimani Kutanaei ,&nbsp;Hossein Ghasemnejad ,&nbsp;Nima Ranjbar Malidarreh","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the impact of guar gum and agar gum on the enhancement of mechanical, shear, and liquefaction resistance properties of loose sand and silty sand. Various tests, including indirect tensile strength (ITS), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), unconsolidated undrained triaxial (UU), direct shear test (DST), ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and consolidated undrained cyclic triaxial (CCU), were conducted on sand soil and silty sand treated with various contents (0.5 %, 1 %, and 2 % by dry weight of soil) of agar gum and guar gum. The results showed a significant increase in strength with biopolymer stabilization. The UCS of untreated soils showed negligible resistance (UCS≈0 kPa), while treated with 2 % agar and guar gum, the UCS reached 2322 and 1911 kPa in sandy soil, and 3189 and 2522 kPa in silty sand, respectively. In contrast, increasing the biopolymer content led to a decrease in the drained internal friction angle. The liquefaction resistance of sand and silty sand was substantially improved with agar gum stabilization. At a cyclic stress ratio (CSR) of 0.2, stabilization with 2 % agar gum increased the number of cycles to liquefaction (NL) in sandy soil by 440 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100944"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrospun PVA/alginate/cellulose nanofibers for probiotic delivery: Fabrication, stability, and in vitro viability of probiotics","authors":"Asad Nawaz ,&nbsp;Sana Irshad ,&nbsp;Xiaofang Luo ,&nbsp;Zuodong Qin ,&nbsp;Noman Walayat ,&nbsp;Mohammad Rizwan Khan ,&nbsp;Rizwan Tahir ,&nbsp;Noor Akram ,&nbsp;Gholamreza Abdi","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, PVA/SA/CL based nanosheets were fabricated to encapsulate <em>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</em> GG (ATCC 53,103) using different ratios of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), sodium alginate (SA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CL), prepared nanosheets were characterized by encapsulation efficiency (EE %), mechanical properties, microstructure, molecular characterizations, thermal stability and <em>in vitro</em> viability under simulated conditions. Results show that PVA/SA/CL composites have potential as polymers for probiotic encapsulation, with an EE of 82.06 %. The zeta potential showed the small particle size recorded as - 11.49 ± 0.655 (mV). The secondary structure by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed strong bonding between encapsulating materials and probiotics, which was evidenced by successful loading of probiotics among scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings of <em>in vitro</em> GI analysis publicized the significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) improved survival of encapsulated probiotics from 11.01 to 5.32 and 13.84 to 8.69 (Log CFU/ml) at pH 2 and 7, respectively. Moreover, thermal analysis revealed that at 82 °C, probiotics were effectively protected with 94 % of nanosheet weight retention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100938"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential, formulation strategies and cancer treatment applications of ripe papaya pectin (Carica papaya L.): A comprehensive review","authors":"Hrushikesh Wagh,&nbsp;Sankha Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review presents a critical appraisal of ripe papaya pectin <em>(Carica papaya L.)</em> (RPP) as a multifaceted biopolymer for cancer treatment, highlighting its structural complexity, bioactivity, and pharmaceutical potential. RPP, with its high molecular weight polysaccharide composition of galacturonic acid and homogalacturonan rhamnogalacturonan domains, possesses significant antitumor activity through galectin-3 inhibition, activation of caspase-3, and immunomodulatory release of cytokines. The review examines cutting-edge extraction techniques, i.e., microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), enzymatic hydrolysis, and solvent systems and how they extensively influence the molecular weight distribution (20–150 kDa), methylation level, and bioavailability. This review recognizes major formulation challenges to the clinical usefulness of ripe papaya pectin (RPP), specifically to delivering pH-responsive, target-specific drug release with low systemic toxicity. RPP-derived nanocarriers micelles, hydrogels, and liposomes exhibit improved cellular uptake, sustained release, and physicochemical stability. Methods such as FTIR, HPLC, and NMR reveal structural properties associated with therapeutic performance. Preclinical experiments validate RPP's selective cytotoxicity against tumour cells with minimal effect on healthy tissue. This paper suggests that RPP, optimally tailored through biofunctionalization and refined delivery design, spans nutraceutical potential and oncological use, and presents robust translational capacity as a low-toxicity, biocompatible foundation in future cancer therapeutics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100942"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}